最新考研《英语》基础阶段模拟试题及详解(1)

1、考研英语基础阶段模拟试题及详解(1)Section I Structure and VocabularyDirections:Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence and put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET (20 points)1. As scheduled, the communications satellite went i

2、nto round the earth.A circle B orbit C path D course2. I don t want to lend any more money to him; he s already in debt me.A to B for C of D with3. to speak when the audience interrupted him.A Hardly had he begun B No sooner had he begunC Not until he began D Scarcely did he begin4. Jean Wagner s mo

3、st enduring contribution to the study of Afro-American poetry is his insistence that it in a religious, as wellas worldly, frame of reference.Ais to be analyzed Bhas been analyzedCbe analyzed Dshould have been analyzed5. Humble it may be, there s no place like home, where he maygo.Aalthough Bas Chow

4、 Dwhich6. Although he thought he was helping us prepare the dinner, he was actually the way.A in B by C off D on7. Although the false banknotes fooled many people, they did not close examination.A put up B keep up C stand up to D look up to8. Anna was reading a piece of science fiction, completely t

5、o the outside world.A being lost B having lost C losing D lost9. Our modern civilization must not be thought of as in ashort period of time.A being created B to have been createdC having been created D to be created10. The students expected there more reviewing classesbefore the final exam.A is B be

6、ing C have been D to be11. The patient has been of the safety of the operation.A assured B guaranteed C entrusted D confirmed12. Will you this passage to see if there is any misprint?A look up B go over C dwell on D work out13. The album is as it was the only one ever signed by the President.A unusu

7、al B unique C rare D singular14. Prof. Ward hardly ever went to the theater.A neither the cinema nor B neither the cinema orC either the cinema or D either the cinema nor15. The bank is reported in the local newspaper in broaddaylight yesterday.A to be robbed B robbedC to have been robbed D having b

8、een robbed16. Talk to anyone in the drug industry, you ll soon discover that the science of genetics is the biggest thing to hit drug research since penicillin was discovered.A or B so C for D and17. Had Paul received six more votes in the last election, he our chairman now.A must have been B would

9、have been C were D would be18. Stressful environments lead to unhealthy behaviors such as poor eating habits, which increase the risk of heart disease.A in turn B in return C by chance D by turns19. The tourist is prevented from entering a country if he does not have passport.A an operative B a vali

10、d C an efficient D an effective20. The project requires more labor than .A has been put in B have been put in C being put in D to be put inSection II Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

11、Reading to oneself is a modern activity which was almost unknown to the scholars of the classical and 21 worlds, while during the fifteenth century the term “ reading 2”2 meant reading aloud. Only during the nineteenth century did silent reading become commonplace. ­One should be wary, however,

12、of 23 that silent reading came about simply because reading aloud is a(n) 24 to others. Examination of factors related to the 25 development of silent reading reveals that it became the usual mode of reading for most adult reading tasks mainly becausethe tasks themselves changed in 26 .The last cent

13、ury saw a steady gradual increase in 27 , and thus in the number of readers. As readers increased, the number of potential listeners 28 , and thus there was some 29 in the need to read aloud. As reading for the benefit of listeners grew less common, so came the flourishing of reading as a 30 activit

14、y in such public places as libraries, railway carriages and offices, where reading aloud would 31 distraction to otherreaders.Towards the end of the century there was still 32 argument over whether books should be used for information or treated 33 , and over whether the reading of material such as

15、newspapers was in some way 34 weakening. Indeed this argument remains with us still in education. 35 , its virtues, the old shared literacy culture had gone and was 36 by the printed mass media on the one hand and by books and periodicals for a 37 readership on the other.By the end of the century st

16、udents were being recommended to adopt attitudes to books and to use skills in reading them which were inappropriate, 38 not impossible, for the oral reader. The social, cultural, and technological changesin the century had greatly 39 what the term “ reading ” 40 .21 .A contemporaryB modernC medieva

17、l D western22 .A undoubtedlyB reallyC absolutelyD accordingly23 .A imaginingB consumingC resumingD assuming24 .A interruptionB distractionC botherD pressure25 .A historicalB historicC historyD historian26 .A qualityB characterC personalityD distinctiveness27 .A literateB illiterateC literacyD litera

18、ture28 .A recededB declinedC increasedD expanded29 .A limitationB necessityC reductionD shrink30 .A privateB overtC publicD secret31 .A causeB effectC produceD realize32 .A considerableB considerateC moderateD immoderate33 .A respectivelyB honorablyC respectfullyD relatively34 .A largelyB intelligen

19、tlyC mentallyD physically35 .A HoweverBWhateverC WhicheverD Wherever36 .A replacedB takenC followedD distinguished37 .A specificB specialC specifiedD specialized38 .A andB ifC butD or39 .A translatedB differedC shiftedD altered40 .A inferredB advisedC inducedD impliedSection III Reading Comprehensio

20、nDirections:Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question four answers are given. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1The entrepreneur, according to French economist J.B.

21、Say, “ isa person who shifts economic resources out of an area of lower and into an area of higher productivity and yield. s d” efiBniutitoSnadyoes not tell us who this entrepreneur is. Some define the entrepreneur simply as onewho starts his or her own new and small business. For our purposes, we w

22、ill define the entrepreneur as a person who takes the necessary risks to organize and manage a business and receives the financial profits and nonmonetary rewards.The man who opens a small pizza restaurant is in business, but is he an entrepreneur? He took a risk and did something, but did he shift

23、resources or start the business? If the answer is yes, then he is considered an entrepreneur. Ray Kroc is an example of an entrepreneur because he founded and established McDonald s. His hamburgers were not a new idea, but he applied new techniques, resource allocations, and organizational methods i

24、n his venture. Ray Kroc upgraded the productivity and yield from the resources applied to create his fast-food chain. This is what entrepreneurs do; this is what entrepreneurship means.Many of the sharp, black-and-white contrasts between the entrepreneur and the professional have faded to gray color

25、. Formerly, professionals such as doctors, lawyers, dentists, and accountants were not supposed to be entrepreneurial, aggressive, or market oriented. They were “ above” the ma-rdkreivt en world. Entrepreneurs, on the other hand, were the mavericks of society. They were risk-takers who aggressively

26、sought to make something happen. Long hours were about all the two worlds had in common. However, increased competition, saturated markets, and a more price-conscious public have changed the world of the professionals.Today they need to market their skills, talents, and competencies. Lawyers adverti

27、se their services. Doctors specialize in one form of surgery. Accounting firms join with other businesses (e.g., consulting and law) to serve clients.Entrepreneurs exhibit many different behaviors; searching for a specific personality pattern is very difficult. Some entrepreneurs are quiet, introver

28、ted, and analytical. On the other hand, some are brash, extroverted, and very emotional. Many of them share some qualities. Viewing change as the norm, entrepreneurs usually search for it, respond to it, and treat it as an opportunity. An entrepreneur such as Ray Kroc of McDonald s is able to take r

29、esources and shift them to meet a need. Making the decision to shift resources works better if a person is creative, experienced, and confident.41. According to the first paragraph, who can be regarded as an entrepreneur?A The CEO of a big company. B The owner of a profitable restaurant.C A man who

30、started a new kind of business. D A successful salesman.42. According to the text, the professionals .A are quite different from entrepreneurs even nowB were considered to be enterprising and market-centeredC were price-consciousD have to advertise themselves in nowadays43. From the text, we learn t

31、hat .A an entrepreneur should be very extrovertedB an entrepreneur should be quick to seize opportunitiesC change is not norm in an entrepreneu r s eyesD the French economist J.B. Say is the first person who gave thedefinition of “ entrepreneur ”44. The purpose of the author in writing the passage i

32、s to .A complete the definition of entrepreneurB tell the readers what is entrepreneur and the main characteristicsof entrepreneursC show what kind of people can become entrepreneursD illustrate why Ray Kroc can become an entrepreneur45. What will most possibly follow the text?A An example of how an

33、 entrepreneur operates. B Another theory about entrepreneurship.C The bad effects of entrepreneurs. D The good effects of entrepreneurs.Text 2St. Paul didn t like it. Moses warned his people against it. Hesioddeclared it “ mischievious ” and “ hard to get rid of it,” but Oscasaid, “ Gossip is charmi

34、ng.he wrote in one of his famous plays.“ History is merely gossip,scandal is gossip made tedious by morality.”In times past, under Jewish law, gossipmongers might be fined or flogged. The Puritans put them in stocks or ducking stools, but no punishment seemed to have the desired effect of preventing

35、 gossip, which has continued uninterrupted across the back fences of the centuries.Today, however, the much-maligned human foible is being looked at in a different light. Psychologists, sociologists, philosophers, even evolutionary biologists are concluding that gossip may not be so bad after all.Go

36、ssip is “ anintrinsically valuable activity, ph” ilosophy professor Aaron Ben-Ze ev states in a book he has edited, entitled Good Gossip. For one thing, gossip helps us acquire information that we need to know that doesn t come through ordinary channels, such as:“ What was the realreason so-and-so w

37、as fired from the office? ”Gossip also is a form of social bonding, Dr. Ben-Ze ev says. It is “ a kind of sharing ” that also “ satisfies the tribal need namely, the need to belong to and be accepted by a unique group. ” What s more, the professor notes, “ Gossipis enjoyable. ”Another gossip groupie

38、, Dr. Ronald De Sousa, a professor of philosophy at the University of Toronto, describes gossip basically as a, by which he means that theform of indiscretion and a “ saintly virtue knowledge spread by gossip will usually end up being slightly beneficial. “ Itseemslikely that a world in which all in

39、formation were universally available would be preferable to a world where immense power resides in the control of secrets, ” he writes.Still, everybody knows that gossip can have its ill effects, especially on the poor wretch being gossiped about. And people should refrain from certain kinds of goss

40、ip that might be harmful, even though the ducking stool is long out of fashion.By the way, there is also an interesting strain of gossip called medical gossip, which in its best form, according to researchers Jerry M. Suls and Franklin Goodkin, can motivate people with symptoms of serious illness, b

41、ut who are unaware of it, to seek medical help.So go ahead and gossip. But remember, if (as often is the case among gossipers) you should suddenly become one of the gossipees instead, it is best to employ the foolproof defense recommendedby Plato, who may have learned the lesson from Socrates, who a

42、s you know was the victim of gossip spread that he was corrupting the youth of Athens: When men speak ill of thee, so live that nobody will believe them. Or, as Will Rogers said, “ Live so thaut ywoouldn t be ashamed to sell the family parrot to the town gossip. ”46. Persons remarks are mentioned at

43、 the beginning of the text toA show the general disapproval of gossipB introduce the topic of gossipC examine gossip from a historical perspectiveD prove the real value of gossip47. By “ Gossip also is a form of social bonding” (Para. 5), ProfessorAaron Ben-Ze ev means gossip .A is a valuable source

44、 of social informationB produces a joy that most people in society needC brings people the feel of being part of a groupD satisfies people s need of being unusual48. Which of the following statements is true according to the text?A everyone involved will not benefit from gossip.B philosophers may ho

45、ld different attitudes toward gossip.C Dr. Ronald De Sousa regards gossips as perfectly advantageous.D people are generally not conscious of the value of medical gossip.49. We learn from the last paragraph that .A gossipers will surely become gossipees somedayB Socrates was a typical example of a go

46、ssiper becoming a gossipeeC Plato escaped being a victim of gossip by no gossipingD an easy way to confront gossip when subjected to it is to live asusual50. The author s attitude toward “ gossip ” can be best described asA neutral B positiveC negative D indifferentText 3Efforts could potentially av

47、oid at least some of the psychopathy (mental illness) that underlies school shootings, since medicine now can help even the most severely ill. And they would also benefit the many young people struggling with far less extreme brain disorders.The U.S. Secret Service, which studies“ targeted violence

48、” , providinsight on the urgency of the need in its 2002 “ SafeSchool Initiative ” report: School attacks, instead of being the random impulsive acts of noisy and cruel fellows, are well-planned events mostly carried out by a single student who is not evil but mentally ill. Except for being male, th

49、e 41 attackers studied fit no profile of family background， race， ethnicity， or even academic performance. Many were A and B students.Few had a history of violent or criminal behavior. But their thoughts were of violence, and their behavior was often intimidating. They frequently expressed violent t

50、hemes in their writings, in one instance portraying killing and suicide as solutions to feelings of despair. The criminals often had telegraphed to other students and teachers their depression or desperation and either talked about or had attempted suicide. Feelings of persecution by others were common and led to growing resentment and anger.Psychiatrists and psychologists recognize that these are red flags demanding medical intervention. Yet one of most striking findings in the report was that the vast majority of these students never had a mental-