6-五大基本句型

1、 五大基本句型五大基本句型 What makes a sentence?Sentence elements谓语谓语 (v)定语定语 (Attr)(Attr)主语主语 (s) (s) 宾语宾语 (IO,DO)(IO,DO) 状语状语 (Ad)(Ad) 宾补宾补 (OC) (OC)主主语语谓谓语语Vtlink-VVi宾语宾语宾语宾语宾补宾补表语表语宾语宾语(间)宾语宾语( (直直) )RevisionRevision表语表语 (P)(P)1) 主语（主语（subject）I like football.The boy needs a pen. 句子的主体，全句述说的对象，位于句首。句子的主体，全句

2、述说的对象，位于句首。一般由一般由 充当。充当。2) 谓语（谓语（predicate）说明主语的说明主语的动作动作或或状态状态。由。由 充当。常置于主语后。充当。常置于主语后。The train leaves at 6 oclock.I want a ticket.名词名词,动词不定式、代词、名词短语等动词不定式、代词、名词短语等动词动词3) 宾语宾语（object）4) 表语表语（predicative）He won the game. On the desk句子中动作的承受者。句子中动作的承受者。由由n.adj.或相当于或相当于n.的词组充当。的词组充当。Tome lost his lif

3、e in the big fire.He is a student.用以表述主语的性质、特征、状态、身份等。用以表述主语的性质、特征、状态、身份等。由由n.n.或或adj.adj.充当。置于系动词之后。充当。置于系动词之后。5) 宾补（宾补（objective complement） 补充说明宾语的特征、状态或身份补充说明宾语的特征、状态或身份 。由由n. /adj. /n. /adj. /介宾介宾 / /分词分词 / /不定式等充当。不定式等充当。They made him laugh. I see you play basketball almost every day. 6) 定语（定语

4、（attributive）对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用汉语中常用的的表示表示, ,通常位于被修饰的成分通常位于被修饰的成分前。前。The black bike is mine.( )7) 状语（状语（adverbial）用以修饰用以修饰adj. /v. /adv.及全句及全句,位置灵活位置灵活。通常在句子通常在句子基本结构之后，强调时放在句首；基本结构之后，强调时放在句首；修饰修饰形容词或副词形容词或副词时，通常位于被修饰的词之前；时，通常位于被修饰的词之前；表示表示时间、地点、目的的状语时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句

5、子两头，强调一般位于句子两头，强调时放在句首，时放在句首，一些表示不确定时间（如：一些表示不确定时间（如：often）或程度（如：）或程度（如：almost）的副词状语通常位于）的副词状语通常位于be动词、助动词、情态动动词、助动词、情态动词之后，动词之前。词之后，动词之前。I am very sorry.We often help him. When I grow up , I am going to be a teacher . （从句作时间状语从句作时间状语) Point 1Point 1 简单句的五种基本类型简单句的五种基本类型 （ five basic sentence patter

6、ns) 1.He runs.2. People make history.3. Knowledge is power. 4. He gave me a book.5. We call her Lily.主主+谓谓 ( 基本句型基本句型 一一: :( (主谓主谓) ) 动词动词前！前！ ( (不及物动词不及物动词) )1. The sunrose. 2. Who cares? 3. What he said does not matter. 4. They talked for half an hour. 5. The pen writes smoothly共同特点共同特点: 谓语动词都能表达完

7、整的意思。这类谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。状语从句等。 1. Time 2. The moon 3. The man5. Everybody 6. I 7. They 8. He 9.They10. He flies. rose. cooked. laughed? woke. talked for half an hour.walked yesterday have goneis playing 基本句型基本句型 二二共同特点：共同特点：谓语动词谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生都具有实义

8、，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类这类动词叫做动词叫做及物动词及物动词。动词动词后！后！（实义动词）（实义动词）(宾语宾语) 1. Who 2. She 3. He 8. He 5. They 6. Danny 7. I 4. He knows laugh at understands made ate likes want said the answer? her. English. cakes. some apples. donuts.to hav

9、e a cup of tea. Good morning. 基本句型 三共同特点：共同特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成构成复合谓语，复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。叫做连系动词。系动词分两类：系动词分两类：(1)表示状态的连系动词。这些词有：表示状态的连系动词。这些词有：be, look, seem, appear, smell, taste, sound, keep, remain, 等等。等等。(2)表示转变或结果的系

10、动词。这些词有：表示转变或结果的系动词。这些词有：become, get, grow, turn, go, come, prove,等等等等 连系动词连系动词后！后！Link-（系动（系动词）词）(表语表语)1. This 2. The dinner3. He 4. Everything5. He 6. The book 7. The weather 8. His face is smellsfell looks is is becameturned an English dictionary. good. happy. different. tall and strong. interest

11、ing.warmer. red. Please give me the book. = Please give the book to me. give + + = give + + to + direct object 直接宾语直接宾语 indirect object 间接宾语间接宾语 bring, give, lend, offer, pass, return, send, show, teach, tell, write, ask, buy, call, cook,choose, find, sing等。等。常跟双宾语的动词：常跟双宾语的动词：主谓间宾直宾主谓间宾直宾 基本句型基本句型

12、四四共同特点：共同特点：谓语动词必须跟有谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语两个宾语才才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的作的直接直接承受者，另一个是动作的承受者，另一个是动作的间接间接承承受者。受者。 通常这一间接承受者用一个介词来连通常这一间接承受者用一个介词来连接，当动作的间接承受者在动作的直接承接，当动作的间接承受者在动作的直接承受者之前时，这一介词往往被省略。受者之前时，这一介词往往被省略。（及（及物）物）IO（多（多指人）指人） D（多指物）（多指物）1. She2. She 3. He 8. He 5. I 6. I 7. I 4. He passe

13、d cooked brought bought showed gave told showed himher husband you her him him mea new dress. a delicious meal. a dictionary. nothing. my pictures. a hand. how to run the machine. that the bus was late. 主谓宾宾补主谓宾宾补 基本句型基本句型 五五共同特点共同特点: 动词虽然是及物动词动词虽然是及物动词, 但是只跟一个宾语还但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思不能表达完整的意思, 必须加上一个必

14、须加上一个补充成分补充成分来补足宾来补足宾语语, 才能使意思完整。才能使意思完整。宾语补足语宾语补足语: 位于位于宾语之后宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。对宾语作出说明的成分。可以用作可以用作宾语补足语的有名词宾语补足语的有名词, 形容词形容词, 不定式不定式,动名词动名词, 分词分词, 介词短语等。介词短语等。 （及物）（及物） （宾语）（宾语）OC（宾补）（宾补）1. We 2. They3. They 4. They5. What 6. We 7. He 8. I keep painted call found makes saw asked saw the table the door

15、supper the house him him me them clean. green. dinner. dirty. sad? out. to come back soon. getting on the bus. 简单句的六种基本结构：简单句的六种基本结构：1. The sun rises. 2. I dont like basketball.3. Danny is tired.4. She tells me jokes.5. I helped her brush her teeth.主语主语 + 谓语谓语（不及物动词）（不及物动词）主语主语 + 谓语谓语+ 宾语宾语主语主语 + 系动

16、词系动词 + 表语表语主语主语 +谓语谓语 + 间接宾语间接宾语(人）人） + 直接宾语（物）直接宾语（物）主语主语 + 谓语谓语+ 宾语宾语 + 宾补宾补_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _6.There 6.There is a river near my home.is a river near my home.There be+S(一一) 挑出下列句中的宾语挑出下列句中的宾语 My brother hasnt done his homework. People all over the world speak English. How many new words did you l

17、earn last class? Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you? The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.(二二) 挑出下列句中的表语挑出下列句中的表语- The old man was feeling very tired.- The leaves have turned yellow.- Soon They all became interested in the subject.(四四) 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语挑出下列句中

18、的宾语补足语 She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room. He asked her to take the boy out of school. She found it difficult to do the work. I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus.5.The palaces were large and beautiful.6.Horse-riding,hammer throw and shooting are some of the more unusua

19、l events.8.I will pick up rubbish from the ground.9.You can plant a tree or build a birdhouse.10.I will tell my friends to protect the environment.1. He feels disappointed. 2. I love operas.3. She always tells me jokes. 4. The children cried and shouted every day. 5. The smiling faces of his childre

20、n made him happy again. 6. She is quiet and shy. 7. My father bought me a useful dictionary.8. Mrs. Von Trapp died.9. She taught the children to sing lively songs and perform short and funny plays to cheer them up. 10.You may become unhappy sometimes. Find out the structures of the following sentenc

21、es. S + VS + V + OS + V + PS + V + O +OCS + V + PS + V + IO + DOS + VS + V + O + OCS + V + IO + DOS + V + P_ _ A Lebanese who had left the country for Syria during the conflict between Israel and Hizbollah, returns with her family following the ceasefire, at the Lebanon-Syria border in Magdel Anjar

22、August 14, 2006. S + V A 53-point win over South Korea wrapped up a perfect Asian exhibition tour for a star-studded U.S. team on its way to the world championships. S + V + O According to the current information held by the Chinese authorities, a verdict arrived at by the United Nations Food and Ag

23、riculture Organization (FAO) and the bird flu research and test centre of Thailand was arbitrary and based on the fact that the virus found in Thailand and Laos was similar to recent finds in southern China, the ministrys statement said. s+link-v+p First put forward by the French mathematician Pierr

24、e de Format in the seventeenth century, the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds, including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem, and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecolab polytechnique. 这个定理，先是由十七世纪法国数学

25、家皮尔法特提出，这个定理，先是由十七世纪法国数学家皮尔法特提出，曾使一批杰出的数学大师为难，包括一位法国女科学家曾使一批杰出的数学大师为难，包括一位法国女科学家，她在解决这个难题方面取得了重大的进展，她曾女扮，她在解决这个难题方面取得了重大的进展，她曾女扮男装为了能够在伊科尔理工学院学习。男装为了能够在伊科尔理工学院学习。简析：夹杂过去分词短语，现在分词短语，动名简析：夹杂过去分词短语，现在分词短语，动名词及两个定语从句。词及两个定语从句。S+v+o实际应用实际应用 I He sent me an e-mail, _ to get further information. A. hoped B

26、. hoping C. to hope D. hope实际应用实际应用I _ late in the morning, Bob turned off the alarm. A. Sleep B. Sleeping C. To sleep D. Having slept实际应用实际应用I _ at the door before entering, please. A. Knocked B. To knock C. Knocking D. Knock 实际应用实际应用I _ blood if you can and many lives will be saved. A. Giving B. G

27、ive C. Given D. To give实际应用实际应用IThe manager, _ his factorys products were poor in quality, decided to give his workers further training. A. knowing B. known C. to know D. being known 实际应用实际应用I7. It is believed that if a book is _, it will surely _ the reader. A. interested; interest B. interesting;

28、be interested C. interested; be interesting D. interesting; interest 实际应用实际应用I Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage _ the girl and took her away, _ into the woods. A. seizing; disappeared B. seized; disappeared C. seizing; disappearing D. seized; disappearing 实际应用实际应用IThe flowers _ sweet i

29、n the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature. A. to smell B. smelling C. smell D. to be smelt实际应用实际应用I English has a large vocabulary, hasnt it? -Yes, _ more words and expressions and youll find it easier to read and communicate. A. Know B. Knowing C. To know D. Known 实际应用实际应用IReading is an experienc