全新版大学英语视听阅读3保护亚马逊

1、Unit 4Saving the Amazon TogetherWarm upTell your classmates 5 things that you know about Amazon and describe them in detail. Video: amazon rainforestIntro to Amazon rainforestThe Amazon rainforest (French: Fort amazonienne), also known in English as Amazonia or the Amazon Jungle, is a moist broadlea

2、f（阔叶林）（阔叶林） forest that covers most of the Amazon basin of South America. This basin encompasses 7,000,000 square kilometres (2,700,000 sq mi), of which 5,500,000 square kilometres (2,100,000 sq mi) are covered by the rainforest. This region includes territory belonging to nine nations. The majority

3、 of the forest is contained within Brazil, with 60% of the rainforest, followed by Peru with 13%, Colombia with 10%, and with minor amounts in Venezuela(委内瑞拉委内瑞拉), Ecuador, Bolivia, Guyana(圭亚那圭亚那), Suriname(苏里南苏里南) and French Guiana(法属圭亚那法属圭亚那).HistoryVideo: the brutal history of exploring the Amazo

4、nNaturalThe rainforest likely formed during the Eocene(始始新世新世) era. It appeared following a global reduction of tropical temperatures when the Atlantic Ocean had widened sufficiently to provide a warm, moist(潮湿的潮湿的) climate to the Amazon basin. The rainforest has been in existence for at least 55 mi

5、llion years.Sahara Desert dust windblown to the AmazonMore than 56% of the dust fertilizing the Amazon rainforest comes from Northern Chad in the Sahara desert. The dust contains phosphorus(磷磷), important for plant growth. The yearly Sahara dust replaces the equivalent amount of phosphorus washed aw

6、ay yearly in Amazon soil from rains and floods. Up to 50 million tons of Sahara dust per year are blown across the Atlantic Ocean.Human activityBased on archaeological evidence from an excavation(发发掘掘) at Caverna da Pedra Pintada, human inhabitants first settled in the Amazon region at least 11,200

7、years ago. Subsequent development led to late-prehistoric settlements along the periphery(外缘，边缘外缘，边缘) of the forest by AD 1250, which induced(引起引起) alterations in the forest cover.Biodiversity Wet tropical forests are the most species-rich biome（生态系统）（生态系统）, and tropical forests in the Americas are

8、consistently more species rich than the wet forests in Africa and Asia. As the largest tract of tropical rainforest in the Americas, the Amazonian rainforests have unparalleled biodiversity. One in ten known species in the world lives in the Amazon rainforest. This constitutes the largest collection

9、 of living plants and animal species in the world.Deforestation Deforestation is the conversion of forested areas to non-forested areas. The main sources of deforestation in the Amazon are human settlement and development of the land. The soils in the Amazon are productive for just a short period of

10、 time, so farmers are constantly moving to new areas and clearing more land. These farming practices led to deforestation and caused extensive environmental damage.Deforestation In the 1970s construction began on the Trans-Amazonian highway. This highway represented a major threat to the Amazon rain

11、forest.Deforestation Between 1991 and 2000, the total area of forest lost in the Amazon rose from 415,000 to 587,000 square kilometres (160,000 to 227,000 sq mi), with most of the lost forest becoming pasture（草地，牧场）（草地，牧场） for cattle.Illegal mining Video: Gold Lures Illegal Miners to Perus Rainfores

12、tsChevron: clean up Ecuador While drilling for oil in Ecuadors Amazon rainforest region, Texaco which merged with Chevron in 2001 operated without concern for the environment or local residents. The company deliberately dumped billions of gallons of toxic wastewater into rivers and streams, spilled

13、millions of gallons of crude oil, and abandoned hazardous waste in hundreds of unlined open-air pits littered throughout the region. The result is widespread devastation of the rainforest ecosystem and local indigenous communities, and one of the worst environmental disasters in history. Video: The

14、True Story of Chevrons Ecuador DisasterB. Background infoAmazon Region Protected Areas ProgramThrough its geographic scope and financial objectives, the Amazon Region Protected Areas (ARPA) program redefines large-scale conservation.The program, set up by a range of stakeholders that include WWF(Wor

15、ld Wildlife Fund), aims to create and support a system of well-managed protected areas and sustainable natural resource management reserves over a 10-year period.Video: ARPAB. Background info2. Tumucumaque National Park Its situated in northwestern Brazil inside the Amazon Rainforest state of Amap.

16、It is bordered to the north by French Guiana and Suriname.B. Background info2. Tumucumaque National Park B. Background info 3. Amazon river The Amazon River (US /mzn/ or UK /mzn/; Spanish and Portuguese: Amazonas) in South America is the largest river by discharge of water in the world, and the seco

17、nd in length. The river enters the Atlantic Ocean in north-eastern Brazil in a broad estuary(河口河口). Because of its vast dimensions, it is sometimes called The River Sea.C. Text studyThe amazon rainforest is populated by millions of different types of insects, plants, animals, and birds, many of whic

18、h are exotic and rare (para 2).Exotic: usual and interesting, usually because sth comes from or is related to a distant country. (常因来自遥远的他国而显常因来自遥远的他国而显得得)奇异的。奇异的。e.g. Consumers are increasingly interested in the authentically exotic tastes.消费者对于真正的异国风味越来越情有独钟。消费者对于真正的异国风味越来越情有独钟。2. The threats surr

19、ounding the Amazon region are considerable enough to classify the situation as a crisis (para 3).Considerable: adj. great in amount or degree. 相当多的，相当大相当多的，相当大的。的。e.g. considerable expense相当可观的费用相当可观的费用 to a considerable extent or degree很大程度上很大程度上 the damage was considerable毁坏相当严重毁坏相当严重Considerate:

20、adj. someone who is considerate pays attention to the needs, wishes, or feelings of other people.体贴的，周到的体贴的，周到的e.g. to be considerate towards somebody/of somebodys feelings体谅某人体谅某人/某人的感情某人的感情3. The wholesale (大规模的大规模的) clearing and exploitation of land for settlement and industry, including mining,

21、has made the situation critical (para 3).Exploit v./Exploitation n.: 开发，开采，利用，剥削。开发，开采，利用，剥削。e.g. The islanders endured centuries of exploitation. 那个岛上的居民忍受了数个世纪的剥削。那个岛上的居民忍受了数个世纪的剥削。 Explore v. /Exploration n. : 探索，探测，探险。探索，探测，探险。 e.g. to explore for oil/gas勘探石油勘探石油/天然气天然气 to go (out) exploring去探险去

22、探险 to explore ways and means of doing sth寻找做某事的方寻找做某事的方式方法式方法4. It comes in the form of an expedition team of scientists and other conservation experts. (para 4)Expedition : 远征，探险队。远征，探险队。e.g. an expedition to/into .去去的探险的探险 to go on an expedition去探险去探险 a hunting/climbing expedition去狩猎去狩猎/登山登山5. The

23、 park is enormous about 3.8 million hectares in size (para 6)Hectare : 公顷。公顷。 Acre: 英亩英亩.1 square mile 平方英里平方英里=640 acres 英亩英亩6. The Brazilian government established the new national park as a legal entity and allocated funds for its administration. (para 7)Entity : an entity is sth that exists sepa

24、rately from other things and has a clear identity of its own.实体实体e.g. a single/separate/political/legal entity单独的单独的/独立的独立的/政治政治/法人实体法人实体Identity：身份：身份7. Its borders will have to be patrolled regularly to ensure that miners and other people dont illegally cross over the border into the protected par

25、k area. (para 8)Patrol : make regular trips around an area or along a border line to guard against trouble or crime.巡逻巡逻e.g. to carry out/make a patrol去巡逻去巡逻 the soldiers on patrol巡逻的士兵巡逻的士兵 a patrol vehicle巡逻车巡逻车 a police patrol警察巡逻队警察巡逻队8. This program, created and run by a panel of conservation e

26、xperts,. (para 9)Panel :专门小组；控制面板，仪表板；镶板，嵌板专门小组；控制面板，仪表板；镶板，嵌板e.g. a panel of experts专家组专家组 on our panel tonight we have .今晚出席座谈会的有今晚出席座谈会的有 an instrument/display panel仪表仪表/显示盘显示盘 glass/wooden panel玻璃板玻璃板/木壁板木壁板9. Maretti is joined by Christoph Jaster, a Brazilian government part warden, and Jawapuk

27、u Wayapi, a member of one of the indigenous people living on lands neighboring the park. (para 10)Warden :管理员；监狱长管理员；监狱长e.g. a wildlife/park warden野生动物保护区巡视员野生动物保护区巡视员/公园管公园管理员理员Indigenous：本土的，土著的，当地的：本土的，土著的，当地的e.g. the countrys indigenous population该国的本土人口该国的本土人口10. The expeditions mission here is

28、 twofold. (para 11)Twofold : 有两部分的；两倍的；两倍地有两部分的；两倍的；两倍地e.g. The case against is twofold: too risky and too expensive. 反对理由有两点：太冒险而且太昂贵。反对理由有两点：太冒险而且太昂贵。 a twofold increase in crime犯罪案件增加了一倍犯罪案件增加了一倍 an investment which increased twofold翻了一番的投资翻了一番的投资 Her original investment has increased twofold.她原先

29、她原先的投资已经增加到两倍。的投资已经增加到两倍。11. There are no roads in this remote area of the park, and few airstrips, . (para 14)Airstrip : a long think stretch of road for landing aircraft飞机跑道飞机跑道Aircraft：飞机，飞行器：飞机，飞行器12. At certain points along the way, the team must stop, get out and attach ropes to the sides of t

30、heir boats wo that they can pull them over rocky or fast-flowing areas. (para 14)Attach to:依附，附属。依附，附属。e.g. They attach to a server, then join one or more channels. 它们连接到服务器，然后加入一个或多个信道。它们连接到服务器，然后加入一个或多个信道。Pull over:把把开到路边；靠岸开到路边；靠岸e.g. He noticed a man behind him in a blue Ford gesticulating（用姿势示意

31、）（用姿势示意） to pull over.他注意到后面一辆蓝色他注意到后面一辆蓝色福特车里的一个男人示意他靠边停车。福特车里的一个男人示意他靠边停车。Pullover：套衫：套衫 e.g. His fiancee knitted him a pullover. 他的未婚妻为他织了一件套头毛衣他的未婚妻为他织了一件套头毛衣.13. In the past, the dangerous currents and majestic waterfalls in this region. (para 15)Current: 水、电、气流；趋势水、电、气流；趋势e.g. to go or drift w

32、ith the current随大溜随大溜 to go against the current逆潮流而动逆潮流而动 a current of opinion意见倾向意见倾向13. In the past, the dangerous currents and majestic waterfalls in this region. (para 15)Majesty: Using majesty in expressions such as Your Majesty or Her/His Majesty when addressing or referring to a king a queen.

33、威威严，最高权威；陛下；壮丽，雄伟严，最高权威；陛下；壮丽，雄伟e.g. His Majesty requests your presence in the royal chambers.国王陛下要求你在皇室受召见。国王陛下要求你在皇室受召见。e.g. the majesty of the mainland mountains.大陆山岳的壮美。大陆山岳的壮美。14. As the team paddles further up the river, . (para 15)Paddle: n. 划桨划桨 v. 用桨划用桨划e.g. We might be able to push ourselv

34、es across with the paddle.我们或许可以自己划桨过去。我们或许可以自己划桨过去。e.g. paddle the canoe划独木舟划独木舟15. They decide to construct a pulley system using ropes and wheels. (para 16)Pulley: a device used to lift or lower heavy objects滑轮滑轮e.g. The stone was lifted by means of a rope and pulley.这块大石是用绳子和滑轮给吊起来的。这块大石是用绳子和滑轮给

35、吊起来的。16. While it is the quickest method for mining gold, the hydraulic mining that is frequently used in the region is particularly dangerous for all living things. (para 19)hydraulic: 液压的液压的e.g. The boat has no fewer than five hydraulic pumps.这艘这艘船下有不下五个液压泵。船下有不下五个液压泵。17. In hydraulic mining, wate

36、r is carried to the mining site via canals where it is collected for used by the miners. (para 19)Canal: 水道，水渠，运河；道水道，水渠，运河；道e.g. The Grand Union Canal 大联盟运河大联盟运河 the alimentary canal消化道消化道17. Transportable pumps are then used to spray the water out of a hose at high pressure. (para 19)Transportable

37、:可运输的可运输的e.g. transportable reactor可运输反应堆可运输反应堆Portable: 手提的，轻便的手提的，轻便的e.g. a little portable television一台便携式小电视机一台便携式小电视机Pump：泵，抽水机：泵，抽水机 Plump：丰满的，圆胖的：丰满的，圆胖的Bump：肿块，突起物：肿块，突起物Spray：n. 喷雾，喷雾器；喷雾，喷雾器；v. 喷射喷射 e.g. pepper spray胡椒喷雾器，防狼喷雾胡椒喷雾器，防狼喷雾Hose：n. 软管，水管软管，水管; v. 用水管冲洗，用水管浇灌用水管冲洗，用水管浇灌e.g. hose

38、 our garden 浇灌我们的花园浇灌我们的花园18. Due to the scale of production and speed of extraction . (para 20)Extraction: n.萃取，取出；血统，出身萃取，取出；血统，出身e.g. a dental extraction拔牙拔牙 British/French etc. by extraction英裔英裔/法裔等法裔等19. It erodes the soil, . (para 20)Erode: 腐蚀，侵蚀；削弱；降低腐蚀，侵蚀；削弱；降低e.g. The storm washed away buil

39、dings and roads and eroded beaches.暴风雨冲走了建筑物和道路，侵蚀了沙滩。暴风雨冲走了建筑物和道路，侵蚀了沙滩。 His critics say his fumbling on the issue of reform has eroded his authority. 他的批评者们说他在改革问题上的拙劣做他的批评者们说他在改革问题上的拙劣做法已经削弱了他的权威。法已经削弱了他的权威。 Competition in the financial marketplace has eroded profits. 金融市场的竞争降低了利润。金融市场的竞争降低了利润。20

40、. Preventing gold mining in the delicate and valuable environment of the Amazon rain forest is a high priority on almost everyones agenda. (para 21)On the agenda: 在议事日程上在议事日程上e.g. Whats the next item on the agenda?议程表上的下一议程表上的下一项是什么？项是什么？21. The ARPA program is trying to establish innovative partner

41、ships with the indigenous peoples. (para 21)Innovation 是创新的意思，而是创新的意思，而invention是发明。所以是发明。所以innovation一般是对已经发明出来的东西进行改良、改进。一般是对已经发明出来的东西进行改良、改进。e.g. The touch screen dashboard is the latest innovation in this new model four wheel drive.（触摸式仪表屏是这新款四轮驱（触摸式仪表屏是这新款四轮驱动汽车的最新创意。）动汽车的最新创意。）而一项发明（而一项发明（an i

42、nvention）则是以前从来没有看见过的方式或）则是以前从来没有看见过的方式或产品。产品。e.g. Thomas Edison was one of the worlds greatest inventors. His inventions include the phonograph, the motion picture camera and the electric light bulb.（汤玛斯（汤玛斯爱迪生是世爱迪生是世界最伟大的发明家之一。他的发明涵盖留声机、电影摄像机和界最伟大的发明家之一。他的发明涵盖留声机、电影摄像机和电灯泡。）电灯泡。）22. While plans ar

43、e in the works for implementing programs to stop illegal mining . (para 22)Implement: v. 实施，执行实施，执行/n. 工具工具e.g. The government promised to implement a new system to control financial loan institutions. 政府许诺要实施新的制度来政府许诺要实施新的制度来控制金融贷款机构。控制金融贷款机构。 a farm/household/gardening implement农具农具/家庭用具家庭用具/园园艺工具

44、艺工具a set of implements一套工具一套工具23. a fact that underlines just how crucial patrolling the rain forest areas actually is. (para 24) The miner highlights the fact that(para 25)Underline, highlight: 强调强调e.g. This report underlined his concern.这个报告强调了他这个报告强调了他的担忧。的担忧。 This highlight the plight of the hom

45、eless. 这个突出描这个突出描写了无家可归者的苦境。写了无家可归者的苦境。highlights24. ., mining gold with a samll dredge, and surviving by farming, hyunting, and fishing in the rain forest. (para 28) Dredge: n. 挖泥船，挖泥船， 疏浚机疏浚机/v. 清淤清淤e.g. Police have spent weeks dredging the lake but have not found his body.警察已经花了几周时间在湖里打捞，但是仍警察已经花

46、了几周时间在湖里打捞，但是仍未发现他的尸体。未发现他的尸体。25. ., but theres no way around the rules, or is there .? (para 29) Theres no way around:是不可避免的是不可避免的,没办法的没办法的e.g. Theres no way Im agreeing to that! 这件事我决不同意这件事我决不同意! Theres no way around this one. 这没什么可说的。这没什么可说的。 There is no way around the fact that +从句：这是一个从句：这是一个不争

47、的事实不争的事实26. . and the basic parameters for monitoring it established. (para 33) Parameter:参数，界限参数，界限e.g. some of the parameters that determine the taste of a wine.一些决定葡萄酒味道的参数。一些决定葡萄酒味道的参数。D Reading comprehension What is the main purpose of the discussion in paras 1 and 2? A. To provide background i

48、nfo about the Amazon. B. To introduce whats unique about the country of Brazil. C. To offer details about numberous species of plants and birds. D. To explain what scientists do not know about the Amazon.D Reading comprehension2. In para 3, the word “critical” is closest in the meaning to _. A. floral B. rational C. possibly disastrous D. abstractD Reading comprehension3. What opinion is expressed by Jawapuku Wayapi in para 12? A. He thinks there are some benefits to mining.