简单句的基本句型

1、三、简单句五种基本结构英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。英语五种基本句型列式如下：一： （主谓）二： （主系表）三： （主谓宾）四： （主谓间宾直宾）五： （主谓宾宾补）基本句型 一： （主谓）这类句子的谓语动词都是不及物动词，都不带宾语，但可以带状语，常见的不及物动词有： act, come, go, work, last, fall, cry, disappear, appear, smile, rise, ring，live, look, listen, laugh, hurry, talk, sleep

2、, retire, graduate, die, care, agree, ,jump, fail, wait, succeed, stay, sit, lie, shine, happen, take place, rain, snow, ect. 如: It is raining now. ( )We've worked for 5 hours. ( )The meeting lasted half an hour. ( )Time flies. ( )分析下列句子成分，并在后面括号内标明属于五种基本句型中的哪一种1) Dark clouds hung overhead. ( )2

3、) Gradually a smile appeared on her face. ( )3) He is smiling all over his face. ( )4) I did well in English. ( )5) He talked loudly in the classroom yesterday. ( )基本句型 二： （主系表）系动词主要是be. 但还有一些动词在有些时候也可作系动词，有人称之为半系动词。常见的半系动词有：（1）表示特征和存在状态的 be, seem, feel, appear, look, smell, taste, sound等；（2）表示状态延续的

4、 remain, stay, keep, continue, stand等；（3）表示状态变化的 become, get, turn, go, run, fall, come, grow等。系动词不能单独作谓语，要和表语一起作谓语He is a student. ( )Your idea sounds great. ( )分析下列句子成分，并在后面括号内标明属于五种基本句型中的哪一种, 并写出该句的系动词。1) His advice proved right. ( )2) The shop stays open till 8 oclock. ( )3) The machine went wro

5、ng. ( )4) All these efforts seem in vain. ( )5) These words sound reasonable. ( )6) The room soon became crowded. ( )7) The days are getting longer and longer. ( )8) He fell ill yesterday. ( )9) Trees turn green in spring. ( )10) What you said sounds great. ( )基本句型 三： （主谓宾）此结构是由“主语+及物动词（词组）+宾语”构成。宾语

6、可以是名词、代词、数词，动名词、动词不定式或词组、the +形容词、分词以及从句等。如，She likes English.We planted a lot of trees on the farm yesterday.分析下列句子成分，并在后面括号内标明属于五种基本句型中的哪一种1. My brother hasn't done his homework. ( )2. People all over the world speak English. ( )3. Jim cannot dress himself. ( )4. All of us believe that Jack is

7、 an honest boy. ( )5. He did not know what to say. ( )基本句型 四： （主谓间宾直宾）有些及物动词可以有两个宾语，如：give给，pass递，bring带，show显示。这两个宾语通常一个指人，为间接宾语；一个指物，为直接宾语。间接宾语一般位于直接宾语之前。一般的顺序为：动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语。如：He give me a cup of tea. ( )强调间接宾语顺序为：动词 + 直接宾语 +介词+ 间接宾语。如：Show this house to Mr. Smith.若直接宾语为人称代词：动词+ 代词直接宾语 +介词+ 间接

8、宾语。如：Bring it to me, please. (不能说 Bring me it, please。)常跟双宾语的及物动词有：（需借助to的）allow, bring, deny, do(带来）, give, grant, hand, leave, lend, offer, owe, pass, pay, permit, promise, read, refuse, render, restore, sell, send, show, teach, tell wish, write等（需借助for 的）bring, buy, cash, choose, fetch, get, leav

9、e, make, order, paint, play(演奏)，save, sing, spare等He sent me an English-Chinese Dictionary. = He sent an English-Chinese Dictionary to me.She gave John a book= She bought a book for me.分析下列句子成分，并在后面括号内标明属于五种基本句型中的哪一种。1. She ordered herself a new dress. ( )2. She cooked her husband a delicious meal.

10、( )3. He brought you a dictionary. ( )4. He denies her nothing. ( )5. I showed him my pictures. ( )6. I gave my car a wash. ( )7. I told him that the bus was late. ( )8. He showed me how to run the machine. ( )基本句型 五： （主谓宾宾补）此句型的句子的特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。宾语补足语：位于宾语之

11、后对宾语做出说明的成分。宾语与其补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系，它们一起构成复合宾语。The war made him a soldier.（ 他成为一个士兵，构成逻辑上的主谓关系）New methods make the job easy. （ ）I often find him at work. （ ）The teacher asked the students to close the windows. （ ） I saw a cat running across the road.分析下列句子划分成分，在后面括号内标明属于五种基本句型中的哪一种, 并指出是什么充当句子的宾语补足语1. The

12、y appointed him manager. （ ）2. They painted the door green. （ ）3. He pushed the door open. （ ）4. They found the house deserted. （ ）5. What makes him think so? （ ）6. We saw him out. （ ）7. He asked me to come back soon. （ ）8. I saw them getting on the bus. （ ）9. We all think it a pity that she didnt c

13、ome here. （ ）10. Ill have my bike repaired. （ ）11. We elected him monitor. （ ）12. Dont keep the lights burning. （ ）6. There be 句型此句型是由 there + be + 主语 + 状语 构成，用以表达某地存在有，它其实是倒装的一种情况，主语位于谓语动词 be 之后，there 仅为引导词，并无实际意义。考点1. Be 与其后的主语在人称和数上一致，有时态和情态变化。如，现在有   there is / are     过

14、去有   there was / were将来有   there will be/ there is / are going to be.现在已经有   there has / have been可能有  there might be.   肯定有  there must be / there must have been.过去一直有  there used to be   似乎有  there seems / seem / seemed to be 碰巧有

15、0; there happen / happens / happened to be 此句型有时可用 live, stand, come, go, lie, remain, exist, arrive,等词代替be动词。Eg. There lived an old man at the foot of the mountain. There came a shout for "help". There must have been a village here.There lies a book on the desk. There stands a tree on the

16、 hill.考点2. There be 与have 的区别There be 某地有某物，某时有某事have 表示某人拥有某物。且记：没有 there has a book on the desk. There has a meeting this evening.这样的表达方法练习：翻译下来句子1. 我有许多好朋友。2. 今天晚上将有一场电影。3. 公园内有许多人。4. 树上有许多小鸟。5. 一条狗有四条腿和一个尾巴。1) Dark clouds hung overhead.(SV)2) Gradually a smile appeared on her face. .(SV)3) He is

17、 smiling all over his face. .(SV)4) I did well in English. .(SV)5) He talked loudly in the classroom yesterday. .(SV)1) His advice proved right. （SVP, proved）2) The shop stays open till 8 oclock. （SVP, stays）3) The machine went wrong. （SVP, went）4) All these efforts seem in vain （SVP, seem ）5) These

18、 words sound reasonable. （SVP, sound）6) The room soon became crowded. （SVP, became）7) The days are getting longer and longer. （SVP, getting）8) He fell ill yesterday. （SVP, fell）9) Trees turn green in spring. （SVP, turn）10) What you said sounds great. （SVP, sound）1. My brother hasn't done his hom

19、ework. (SVO)2. People all over the world speak English. (SVO)3. Jim cannot dress himself. (SVO)4. All of us believe that Jack is an honest boy. (SVO)5. He did not know what to say. (SVO)1. She ordered herself a new dress. (SVoO)2. She cooked her husband a delicious meal. (SVoO)3. He brought you a dictionary. (SVoO)4. He denies her nothing. (SVoO)5. I showed him my pictures. (SVoO)6. I gave my car a wash. (SVoO)7. I told him that the bus was late. (SVoO)8. He showed me how to run the machine. (SVoO)1. They appointed him manager. （SVOC, 名词）2.