unit 9 What makes a leader

1、Unit 9 What makes a leader? A sense of humor is part of the art of leadership, of getting along with people, of getting things done. Dwight D. Eisenhower Discussion If you are elected the chairperson of your country, what is the first thing you are going to do? Why is it important? 1. When you selec

2、t a person to be your leader at some level, say, chairman of the Students Union, editor of the college tabloid, what sort of person do you think he/she ought to be? 2. Have you ever had the wish to be a leader of some kind? Do you believe you have the qualities required and thus you will turn out to

3、 be a competent leader? Illustration with Examples An obvious feature of the text is the abundant use of examples to illustrate the topic sentence or central idea of a paragraph. Evidence from Text Para. 2 Central idea: Leadership is as much a question of timing as anything else. Illustrations: Thre

4、e great statesmen Churchill, Roosevelt and Lenin at the time when their role was called for. Para. 3 Topic sentence: Great leaders are almost always great simplifiers. Illustrations: The brief but forceful messages the three statesmen sent to their people respectively. Para. 4 Central idea: Leaders

5、must have bigger-than-life, commanding features A trademark also comes in handy. Illustrations: LGJs nose and ear lobes; Ikes broad grin; Lincolns stovepipe hat, JFKs rocker. Para. 5 Topic sentence: It also helps for a leader to be able to do something most of us cant. Illustration: FDR overcame pol

6、io; Mao swam the Yangtze River at the age of 72. Para. 6 Topic sentence: Even television doesnt altogether obscure the qualities of leadership we recognize, or their absence. Illustrations: Television exposed Nixons insecurity and Humphreys fatal infatuation with his own voice. Para. 8 Topic sentenc

7、e: A leader should know to appear relaxed and confident. Illustrations: He should be able, like Lincoln, FDR, Truman, Ike and JFK, to give a good, hearty, belly laugh, instead of the sickly grin that passes for good humor in Nixon or Carter. Ronald Reagans training as an actor showed to good effect

8、in the debate with Carter, when by his easy manner and apparent affability. Para. 9 Central idea: People can only be led where they want to go. The leader follows, though a step ahead. Illustrations: Americans wanted to climb out of the Depression and needed someone to tell them they could do it, an

9、d FDR did. The British believed that they could still win the war after the defeats of 1940, and Churchill told them they were right. Main ideas The leader must appear on the scene at a moment when people are looking for leadership. Great leaders are almost always great simplifiers. Leaders must hav

10、e bigger-than-life, commanding features for people to remember. Leaders must be able to do something most of us cant. Leaders must know how to use power and have a way of showing he does. A leader should know to appear relaxed and confident. The leader follows, though a step aside. A leader rides th

11、e waves, moves with the tides, and understands the deepest yearnings of his people. A great leader must have infectious optimism. A great leader must transform our needs and fears into coherent policies and progress. He is, after all, merely the sum of us. Not every president is a leader, but every

12、time we elect a president we hope for one Not every president is a leader in the true sense, but every time we elect a president we hope we have elected a leader hope for sth. want sth. to be true or to happen e.g. He invited me to his birthday party; this is what I had been hoping for. What we can

13、do now is to hope for the best but be prepared for the worst. In easy times we are ambivalent in easy times in times when we are free from discomfort or worry Note that this contrasts with in times of doubt and crisis in the previous sentence. ambivalent adj. uncertain because of the inability to ma

14、ke a choice; having opposed or conflicting attitudes, emotions, etc. e.g. Because of the big difference in family background she remained ambivalent about the marriage. I feel pretty ambivalent about whether I should take the job offer; the pay is generous but I have to be flying all around the worl

15、d most of the time. shakes things up make changes in order to improve e.g. The introduction of digital technology has shaken many industries up. Several players from overseas have been brought in to shake up the team. The leader must appear on the scene at a moment when people are looking for leader

16、ship The leader appears only when the people feel the need for someone trustworthy who can lead them to attain their desired goals. Roosevelt Franklin D. Roosevelt, abbreviated as FDR, (18821945) was the 32nd president of the U.S. (19331945). Elected four times, he instituted major reforms known as

17、the New Deal to counter the economic crisis of the 1930s and was a forceful leader during WWII. eloquent message clear and forceful message; a message that is effective in persuasion Leadership is as much a question of timing as anything else. The leader must appear on the scene at a moment when peo

18、ple are looking for leadership, as Churchill did in 1940, as Roosevelt did in 1933, as Lenin did in 1917. And when he comes, he must offer a simple, eloquent message. 译文： 当领袖，掌握好时机很重要。领导者必须顺乎民心，应时上台。就像1940年上台的丘吉尔、1933年上台的罗斯福和1917年上台的列宁。一旦成为领袖，就必须发出简洁有力的信息。 straightforward but potent messages explici

19、tly stated but powerful messages potent adj. strong, powerful, forceful or effective e.g. This is a potent drug to kill cancerous cells but it has unpleasant side effects. He made a very potent argument in his speech for increasing interest rate. they must have bigger-than-life, commanding features

20、they must have certain physical features that are extraordinary and dominant, thus impressive LGJ Abbreviation of Lyndon G. Johnson (19081973), the 36th president of the U.S. (19631969) Ike Dwight Eisenhower (18901969), the 34th president of the U.S. (19531961) A trademark also comes in handy A trad

21、emark is the name or other symbol used to identify the goods produced by a particular manufacturer. However, in this context it refers to the distinctive sign or mark of the presence of a person, such as the stovepipe hat Lincoln wore and the rocker JFK liked to sit in. The phrase to come in handy m

22、eans to be useful in a particular situation. e.g. Keep those empty glass bottles; they might come in handy sometime. Lincoln Abraham Lincoln (18091865), the 16th president of the U.S. JFK Abbreviation of John Fitzgerald Kennedy (19171963), the 35th president of the U.S. (19611963), the first Roman C

23、atholic and the youngest man ever to be president Ford Gerald Ford (19132006), the 38th president of the U.S. (19741977). Adlai Stevenson Here it refers to Adlai Stevenson II (19001965), who was an American politician noted for his intellectual demeanor, eloquent oratory and promotion of liberal cau

24、ses in the Democratic Party. He received the Democratic Partys nomination for president in 1952 and 1956, but was defeated both times by Republican Dwight D. Eisenhower. Nelson Rockfeller (19081979) the 41st vice president of the U.S. under Gerald Ford Even television, which comes in for a lot of kn

25、ocks as an image-builder that magnifies form over substance, doesnt altogether obscure the qualities of leadership we recognize, or their absence. Television receives a lot of criticism as a powerful device to present to the public the image of a person for emphasizing his appearance rather than his

26、 inner qualities; even so we can still identify certain qualities a person has as a leader or the ones he lacks. come in for receive blame or criticism e.g. The plan had come in for fierce criticism even before its implementation. The director of board came in for severe criticisms for mishandling t

27、he debts of the company.Even television, which comes in for a lot of knocks as an image-builder that magnifies form over substance, doesnt altogether obscure the qualities of leadership we recognize, or their absence. 译文： 即使很多人指责电视善于营造表面形象，令表象夸张失实，也无法歪曲、掩盖或凭空捏造我们认识的领导者的气质。 Humphrey Hubert Horatio Hu

28、mphrey (19111978), vice-president of the U.S. under President Johnson fatal infatuation with his own voice excessive admiration for his own voice? Physical clumsiness Carter Jimmy Carter (born in 1924), the 39th president of the U.S. (19771981), was the recipient of the 2002 Nobel Peace prize. Truma

29、n Harry S. Truman (18841972) was the 33rd president of the U.S. (19451952). He approved the dropping of the two atom bombs on Japan (1945). the sickly grin that passes for good humor pass for/as be accepted as being e.g. With her perfect command of German, she passed for a native German lady. Wearin

30、g his brothers uniform, he passed for a policeman. Ronald Reagan (19112004) the 40th president of the U.S. (19811989) Ronald Reagans training as an actor showed to good effect in the debate with Carter, when by his easy manner and apparent affability, he managed to convey the impression that in fact

31、 he was the president and Carter the challenger. 译文： 罗纳德里根曾经接受过演员的训练，这一点在他与卡特辩论时发挥了作用。在辩论时，他以轻松和蔼的形象让人感觉似乎他才是现任总统，卡特才是挑战者。 People can only be led where they want to go. The leader follows, though a step ahead. People can only be led to go where they themselves choose; no one can force them to go whe

32、re he wants them to. The leader should go with the people in the direction they choose, but he is not just one among them; he leads them. Americans wanted to climb out of the Depression and needed someone to tell them they could do it, and FDR did. 译文： 美国人想爬出经济萧条的泥潭，需要有人告诉他们能做到这一点，这个人就是罗斯福。 1. What

33、can be inferred from Para. 9 about the relationship between the people and a leader? A leader should be one of the people who seek to realize their desired goals, but different from the ordinary people. He must be the one who takes the lead in such endeavours. A leader rides the waves, moves with th

34、e tides This is an analogy. The two words waves and tides are originally used to describe the movement of waters of an ocean; here they are analogously used to refer to the development of a situation. What it means is that a leader should choose to go in the direction the people wish to take. dignif

35、y our desires respect our wishes by sheer rhetoric merely by using persuasive speech rallying cry a word or a phrase that is used to unite the people in support of an idea A leader must stir our blood, not appeal to our reason. A leader should stimulate our passion, not just try to reason with us. w

36、e cant fake him we cant pretend that we have a leader How, according to the text, would you answer the question raised by the author in the title what makes a leader? There are certain qualities that are required of a leader, but what is quintessential in the making of a leader is the time and the p

37、eople. A leader appears only when the time calls for one, and what is even more important is that it is the people who create a leader. Refer to the last two paragraphs of the text: He wont come until were ready for him our strength makes him strong; our determination makes him determined; our coura

38、ge makes him a hero; he is, in the final analysis, the symbol of the best in us, shaped by our own spirit and will. 1. Suppose you are one of several candidates running for the position of, say, chairman of the College Students Union, captain of the college basketball team, head of the drama group,

39、etc., and you are going to make a speech to your fellow students, whose votes will decide the outcome of the election. Now try to advertise yourself in the speech, explaining why you think you are the most suitable person for the position. 2. In the text Korda has discussed certain qualities which h

40、e thinks are desirable in a leader. He also presents the view that a leader is created by the people at a time when one is called for. You may or may not agree with everything Korda has said about a leader. Present your views in a group discussion, exchanging your ideas with each other and comparing

41、 them with Kordas. Hopefully your discussion will lead to your own notion of what makes a leader. Paraphrasing 1. The ability to arrange and control over events and actions to achieve desired results is a quality that is most required of a leader. 2. He should be good at exercising his power/ author

42、ity where desired (thats a quality a leader must have), and he should demonstrate himself to be equal to such function. 3. The leader should be quick at noticing what people are in need of, and get ahead to meet their demands while guiding and delegating them toward a specified direction. 4. Strengt

43、h, determination and courage are most important qualities we must acquire, without which we can hardly hope to make a good leader of ours. We cannot deceive ourselves by making him appear what he is not, no matter how skilled we are in improving his public image. We are well aware that he is the rep

44、resentative of all of us. 1. The outcome of the game depends not just on the skills of individual players but also on the timing of all the players of the team. 2. What I want to ask next is how we could sustain a constant self-identity. 3. He felt ashamed of himself for the foolish things he had done when his infatuation was over.