北师大版高中英语必修三Unit9Wheels-语法篇

1、第 1 页 Unit 9 Wheels 语法篇 1、 掌握过去完成进行时的用法。 2、 掌握现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别。 一. 现在完成进行时 1. 构成：现在完成进行时由have/has been +动词的现在分词”构成，第三人称单数用 has,其他 各种人称用 have。 2. 用法： 表示动作从过去某时开始并且一直持续到现在，并由可能持续下去。 这个动作可能刚停止， 也可能仍继续进行下去， 常与延续性动词连用， 并常带有表示动作起讫时间 的状语， 如 since last week, since 1992 等或由 since 引导的时间状语从句； 也可以带有时间表示时间 长度的状语

2、， 女口 for an hour, for a few days, these days 等。 I have bee n watch ing TV the whole evening. 我整个晚上一直在看电视。 Tom has been working hard since the new term began. 自从新学期开始，汤姆一直在努力学习。 表示到目前为止的一段时间内动作时断时续、反复发生。 You have been telling me not to be late all the way. 一路上你反复告诉我不要迟到。 表示动作刚刚结束，一般不再继续，有时会指出结果。 I ha

3、ve been playing ping -pong all the morning, so rm sweating. 整个上午我一直在打乒乓球，所以浑身 是汗。 rve been painting the door, so my hands are dirty. 我一直在漆门，所以手很脏。 表示某种感情色彩。 You have bee n deceivi ng me. 你一直在骗我。 误区警示： 某些不能用于进行时态的动词同样不能用于现在完成进行时， 但可以用于现在完成时，女口： see, hear, know, like 等。 现在完成进行时多用延续性动词 瞬间性动词（词组） go, ge

4、t up, come, marry, finish 等不能用于现在完成进行时。 二. 现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别 现在完成进行时是兼有现在完成时和现在进行时二者基本特点的时态。 由于它有现在完成时的特点， 所以它可以表示某一动作对现在产生的结果或影响，由于它由现在进行时的特点，所以它也可以表 示某一动作的延续性、临时性、重复性、生动性乃至感情色彩。 第 2 页 现在完成进行时和现在完成时的区别如下： 时态 基本语法功能 动作的反复 感情色彩 现在完成进行时 强调动作的持续 可表示动作的反复 可表示强烈的感情色 彩 现在完成时 强调动作对现在的影响 或产生的结果 不表示动作的反复 般不表示

5、感情色彩 试比较： He has written a letter.他写了一圭寸信。（信已写好） He has been writing a letter.他一直在写一圭寸信。（一直在写信，尚未写好） Have you met him recently?你最近见过他吗？（不表示反复） Have you been meeting him recently?你最近常和他见面吗？（表示反复） I have waited for you for two hours.我等了你两个小时。（表示事实） I have bee n wait ing for you for two hours. 我一直等了你两个

6、小时。 （表示不满） 例 1. The man ager _ _ the workers how to improve the program si nee 9 am. A. has told B. is telli ng C. has bee n telli ng D. will have told 解析：句意：经理从上午十点开始就一直在告诉工人们如何改善这个项目。考查动词的时态。本题 的关键信息词是since 9 am”。since 引导的时间状语多与完成时连用，而且此句强调从上午九点开 始到现在，经理“一直”在说，符合现在完成进行时的语法规则。 答案：C。 例 2. The girl h

7、as a great interest in sport and _ badminton classes twice a week over the last three years. A. took B. is tak ing C. takes D. has bee n tak ing 解析：句意：这个女生酷爱运动，在过去的三年里每周上两次羽毛球课。 考查动词时态。over the last three years 表示“在过去的三年里”，常与现在完成（进行）时连用，强调反复的不间断动作。 答案：D。 例 3.-I remember you were a talented pianist a

8、t college. Can you play the piano for me? -Sorry, I _ the pia no for years. A. dont play B. was nt play ing 第 3 页 C. have nt played D. hadnt played 解析：句意：-我记得你上大学时是个有才华的钢琴家。你能为我弹奏钢琴吗？ -抱歉，我已经很 多年没有弹钢琴了。考查动词的时态。根据答语中的时间张宇 for years 可知，此处应该是使用现在 完成时。 答案：C。 例 4. When I first met Brya n I did nt like hi

9、m, but I _ _ my mind. A. have changed B. change C. had changed D. would change 解析：句意：当我第一次见到布莱恩的时候，我不喜欢他。但是，我已经改变主意了。考查动词的 时态。根据句意可知，说话人已经改变主意了，因此应用现在完成时。 答案：A。 例 5. Tom _ _ in the library every ni ght over the last three mon ths. A. works B. worked C. has bee n work ing D. had bee n work ing 解析：句意：

10、在过去的三个月内，汤姆每天晚上都在图书馆工作。考查动词时态。 over the last three mon ths 在过去的三个月内可知是到现在为止“一直”在图书馆工作，因此用现在完成进行时。 答案：Co 例 6. （2019 福建高考）-Where is Peter? I cant find him any where. -He went to the library after breakfast and _ _ his essay there ever since. A. wrote B. had writte n C. has been writing D. is writ ing

11、解析：句意：-彼得在哪儿？我到处找不到他。 -他早饭后去图书馆了，并且从那时起一直在那儿 写文章。考查动词时态。由 ever since 可知，彼得从早饭后一直在图书馆写文章（说话时应该仍然在 写），故用现在完成进行时表示动作从过去持续到现在，并且可能持续下去。 答案：Co 例 7. （2019 江西高考）-Tony, why are your eyes red? -I _ up peppers for the last five minu tes. 第 4 页 A. cut B. was cutt ing C. had cut D. have bee n cutt ing解析：句意：-托尼，

12、为什么你的眼睛发红？ -在过去的 5 分钟里我一直在切辣椒。根据 for the last five minutes 可知，此处应该用现在完成进行时。此题易误选 C,误以为动作是过去的过去发生的， 其实此句是表达过去刚刚完成的动作对现在造成的直接影响。 答案：D。 例 8.( 2019 湖南高考) Si nee the time huma nkind started garde ning, we _ _ to make our en viro nment more beautiful. A. try B. have bee n trying C. are trying D. will try

13、解析：句意：自从人类开始园艺技术的时候起，我们就一直在努力让我们的环境变得更加美丽。考 查动词时态。根据从句 si nee the time.可知，主句应该使用完成时， 而让我们的环境变得更加美丽” 这一动作一直在进行，所以用现在完成进行时。 答案：B。 基础演练 一. 用括号里所给动词的适当形式填空。 1. You kno w, I _ (look) for a job for three mon ths, and this is my first formal in terview. 2. The little boy is dirty all over because he _ (pla

14、y) in the mud all the morning. 3. He _ (read) in the library out since it opened this morning. 4. Here he is! We _ (wait) anxiously for him since last night. 5. She has _ (live) here ever since she was ten. 6. Both of them _ (be) in Hong Kong for ten days. 7. Both of them _ (come) to Hong Kong ten d

15、ays ago. Keys : 1. have been looking; 2. has been playing; 3. has been reading; 4. have been waiting; 5. lived/bee n livi ng; 6. have bee n; 7. came 二. 单项选择。 1. In order to find the miss ing child, villagers _ _ all they can over the past five hours. A. did B. do C. had done D. have bee n doing 2. S

16、he was surprised to find the fridge empty; the childre n _ everyth ing! A. had bee n eat ing B. had eate n C. have eate n D. have bee n eati ng 3. When Alice came to life, she did nt know how long she _ _ there. A. had bee n lying B. has bee n lying C. way lying D. has lain 4. I have to see the doct

17、or because I _ a lot lately. 解析：句意：-托尼，为什么你的眼睛发红？ -在过去的 5 分钟里我一直在切辣椒。根据 for the last A. have bee n cough ing B. had coughed C. coughed D. cough 第 4 页第 7 页 5. -Hello, I did nt know you were in America. How long _ _ here? -About one year. A. have you bee n B. are C. were D. had you bee n 6. My brother

18、 is an actor. He _ in several films so far. A. appears B. appeared C. has appeared D. is appeari ng 7. The telepho ne _ four times in the last hour, and each time it _ for my roommate. .用括号里所给动词的适当形式填空。 1. Half an hour _ _ _ (pass) si nee the train _ _ _ (leave). 2. Mary _ (lose) her pen. _ you _ (s

19、ee) it here and there? 3. _ you _ (find) your watch yet? 4. -Are you thirsty? -No, I _ just _ _ _ (have) some oran ge. 5. We _ already _ _ (retur n) the book. 6. _ they _ (build) a new school in the village. 7.1 _ (not fini sh) my homework. Can you help me? Keys : 1. has passed; left; 2. has lost; H

20、ave; see n; 3. Have; found; 4. have; had; 6. Have; built; 7. have nt fini shed 二.单项选择。 1. -Weve spe nt too much money recen tly. -Well, it is nt surpris ing. Our friends and relatives _ _ around all the time. A. are coming B. had come C. were coming D. have bee n coming 2. Over the past decades, sea

21、 ice in the Arctic as a result of global warming. A. had decreased B. decreased C. has been decreasing D. is decreasing 3. Please stop to have a rest. You _ the washing machine the whole morning. A. have repaired B. were repairi ng C. have bee n repaired D. have bee n repairi ng 4. He _ articles for

22、 four n ewspaper these three years, and he _ about forty articles. A. has bee n writi ng; has writte n B. is writi ng; wrote 5. Now that she is out of a job, Lucy _ _ going back to school, but she has nt decided yet. A. has rung; was C. had rung; was 8. -How is your gra ndfather? -My gran dfather_ f

23、or two years. A. died B. has died Keys : 1-8 DBAA ACAD B. has bee n ringing; was D. rang; has bee n C. had bee n died D. has bee n dead 巩固提高 5. have; retur ned C. is writing; has been writing D. has written; has written 第 8 页 A. had con sidered B. has bee n con sideri ng C. con sidered D. is going t

24、o con sider 6. -Would you like to go to Sha nghai? -Yes. In the last ten years, great changes = - in Shanghai. A. have bee n happe ned B. havehappe ned C. have take n place D. havebee n take n place 7. The hous ing prices _ , but I doubt whether they will rema in so. A. went dow n B. will go dow n C

25、. have gone dow n D. weregoing dow n 8. When you are home, give a call to let me know you _ _ safely. A. are arrivi ng B. have arrived C. had arrived D. will arrive 9. （ 2019 北京高考）In the last few years, China _ great achievements in environmental protection. A. has made B. had made C. was making D.

26、is making 10. （2019 陕西高考）Marty _ _ really hard on his book and he thinks hell have finished it by Friday. A. worked B. has bee n work ing C. had worked D. has worked Keys : 1-10 DCDAB CCBAB 一. 改错题。 1. All these years they are contributing articles to our magazine. 2. I have bee n drinking five cups

27、of coffee this after noon. 3. What have you bee n doing before you left Oxford? 4. Its a good job. Have you done it all by yourself? 5. Its a long time since you come to see me. 6. Alice did nt see much of Henry lately. 7. Im glad to tell you that you passed the exam. Keys : 1. are have been; 2. hav

28、e been drinking have drunk; 3. have had; 4. Have you done T Did you do; 5. come came; 6. did nt see n has nt see7. passed have passed 二. 单项选择。 1. - Im sure An drew will win the first prize in the fin al. -I thi nk so. He _ for it for mon ths. A. is prepari ng B. was prepari ng C. had bee n prepari n

29、g D. has bee n prepari ng 2. By the time he realizes he _ into a trap, itll be too late for him to do anything about it.第 9 页 3. So far this year we _ a fall in house prices by between 5 and 10 percent. A. saw B. see C. had seen D. have seen 4. Cathy is taking notes of the grammatical rules in class

30、 at Sunshine School, where she _ English for a year. A. studies B. studied C. is studying D. has been studying 5. Danny _ hard for long to realize his dream and now he is popular. A. works B. is working C. has worked D. had worked 6. -I have got a headache. -No wonder. You _ in front of that compute

31、r too long. A. work B. are working C. have been working D. worked 7. The unemployment rate in this district _ from 6% to 5% in the past two years. A. has fallen B. had fallen C. is falling D. was falling 8. Now that she is out of job, Lucy _ going back to school ， but she hasnt decided yet. A. had c

32、onsidered B. has been considering C. considered D. is going to consider 9. - _ you _ him around the museum yet? -Yes. We had a great time there. A. Have; shown B. Do; show C. Had; shown D. Did; show 10. -Hi, Tracy, you look pale. -I am tired. I _ the living room all day. A. painted B. had painted C.

33、 have been painting D. have painted Keys: 1-10 DCDDC CABAC 一、单项选择。 1. -In my opinion, this English TV play can help students to learn new words. - _ , I think its too hard to understand. A. I dont agree. B. Why not C. I cant agree more D. Sorry, Im not sure 2. After dinner, she gave Mr. Smith _ ride

34、 to _ Red Bridge Airport where he would start his five -day holiday. A. a; a B. a; / C. /; the D. the; a 3. I _ along the street looking for a place to park when the accident _ .A. walks B. walked C. has walked D. had walked 第 10 页 A. went; was occurring B. went; occurred C. was going; occurred D. w

35、as going; had occurred 4. As English is getting more and more difficult to learn, my son has _ English now. A. turned on B. turned off C. turned up D. turned down 5. The treatment will continue until the patient reaches the point _ he can walk by himself. A. when B. which C. whose D. where 6. Althou

36、gh the value of the pound has been falling recently, Britain can still _ with the help from other countries. A. pull through B. go through C. put through D. let through 7. _ to the left, and you will find the path _ to the park. A. Turn; leading B. Turned; to lead C. Having turned; led D. Turning; leading 8. -Justin kicked the ball into his