高中英语必修一第1-5单元单词和短语用法

1、2016年10月22日（星期六下午）人教版新课标高中英语必修一Units1-5 Words & Expressions,sentences.重点单词识记。Unit1. 1ignore /ign/ vt.不理睬；忽视2calm /km/ adj.平静的；镇静的；沉着的；vt.& vi.(使)平静；(使)镇定3series /siriz/ n连续；系列4outdoors /atdz/ adv.在户外；在野外5partner /ptn/ n伙伴；合作者，合伙人6upset /pset/ adj.心烦意乱的；不适的；不安的；vt.使不安；使心烦；弄翻；打翻7dislike /disla

2、ik/ n& vt.不喜欢，厌恶8grateful /greitfl/ adj.感激的；表示谢意的9concern /knsn/ vt.(使)担忧；涉及；关系到；n.担心；关注；(利害)关系 concerned adj.担心的；忧虑的10entire /intai/ adj.整个的；完全的；全部的 entirely adv.完全地；全然地；整个地11settle /setl/ v定居，安家；停留；解决；安排 settlement n定居点；解决12suffer /sf/ v遭受；忍受；经历 suffering n折磨；苦难13disagree /disri:/ vi.不同意 agree

3、 v(反义词)同意agreement n同意；协议14exact /izækt/ adj.精确的；准确的；严谨的exactly adv.确实如此，正是；确切地15power /pa/ n能力；权力powerful adj.强大的16recover /rikv/ vt.& vi.痊愈；重新获得recovery n康复；找回Unit2. 1native /neitiv/ adj.本地的；本国的； n.本地人；本国人2actually /æktli/ adv.实际上；事实上3request_ /rikwest/ n& vt.请求；要求4apartment /ptm

4、nt/ n公寓；住宅；单元住宅5straight /streit/ adv.直接；挺直；adj.直的；笔直的；正直的6command/km:nd/ n& vt.命令；指令；掌握7base /beis/ vt.以为根据；n.基部；基地；基础basic adj.基本的；基础的8gradual /rædul/ adj.逐渐的；逐步的gradually adv.逐渐地；逐步地9latter /læt/ adj.较后的；后半的；(两者中)后latest adj.最新的；最近的later adv.后来；adj.后期的lately adv.近来，最近10identity /aid

5、entti/ n本身；本体；身份 identify vt.认出；鉴定11fluent /flu:nt/ adj.流利的；流畅的fluently adv.流利地；流畅地fluency n流利；流畅12frequent /fri:kwnt/ adj.频繁的；常见的frequently adv.常常；频繁地13expression /ikspren/ n词语；表示；表达express vt.表达14recognize /reknaiz/ vt.辨认出；承认；公认recognition n认出；认识Unit 3. 1transport /trænsp:t/ n& vt.运送，运输2p

6、ersuade /psweid/ vt.说服，劝说3schedule /edju:l；skedl/ n时间表；进度表；vt.为某事安排时间4finally /fainli/ adv.最后；终于5fond /fnd/ adj.喜爱的；慈爱的；宠爱的6shortcoming /:tkmi/ n缺点7stubborn /stbn/ adj.顽固的；固执的8journey /d:ni/ n旅行；旅程9attitude /ætitju:d/ n态度；看法10forecast /f:k:st/ n& vt.预测；预报11insurance /inrns/ n保险12beneath /bi

7、ni:/ prep.在下面13prefer /prif:/ vt.更喜欢preference n偏爱；爱好14disadvantage /disdv:ntid/ n不利条件；不便之处advantage (反义词)有利条件；优势15graduate /rædeit/ vi.毕业 graduation n毕业；毕业典礼16organize /:naIz/ vt.组织；成立 organizer n组织者organization n组织 organized adj.有组织的17determine /dit:min/ vt.决定；确定；下定决心determined adj.坚决的；有决心的de

8、termination n决心18reliable /rilaibl/ adj.可信赖的；可靠的rely vi.依靠；依赖Unit 4. 1burst /b:st/ vi.爆裂；爆发；n.突然破裂；爆发2destroy /distri/ vt.破坏，毁坏；消灭 3rescue /reskju:/ n& vt.援救；营救4trap /træp/ vt.使陷入困境；n.陷阱；困境 5event /ivent/ n大事；事件6ruin /ru:in/ n废墟；毁灭；vt.使破产；毁灭7extreme /ikstri:m/ adj.极度的8bury /beri/ vt.埋葬，掩埋；隐

9、藏9shelter /elt/ n掩蔽；避身处10sincerely /sinsili/ adv.真诚地，真挚地11express /ikspres/ vt.表达；表示；n.快车；速递expression n表达；表情12injure /ind/ vt.损害；伤害injury n伤害；损害injured adj.受伤的13electricity /ilektristi/ n电；电流；电学electric adj.用电的；带电的electrical adj.与电有关的；电学的14frighten /fraitn/ vt.使惊吓，吓唬frightened adj.受惊吓的；受恐吓的frighten

10、ing adj.令人惊恐的15congratulation /knrætlein/ n祝贺；(复数)贺词congratulate vt.祝贺16judge /dd/ n裁判员；法官；vt.断定；判决judgement n裁判；判决Unit 5. 1generous /denrs/ adj.慷慨的；大方的2found /fand/ vt.建立；建设3principle /prinspl/ n法则；原理；原则4guidance /aidns/ n指导；领导5hopeful /hpfl/ adj.怀有希望的，有希望的 6vote /vt/ v& n投票，选举7attack /t&#

11、230;k/ vt.进攻，攻击；抨击 8escape /iskeip/ vi.逃脱，逃走；泄露 9relative /reltiv/ n亲戚，亲属10terror /ter/ n恐怖；可怕的人；恐怖时期；恐怖活动11quality /kwlti/ n质量；品质；性质quantity n数量，量12active /æktiv/ adj.积极的；活跃的actively adv.积极地；活跃地activity n. 活动13devote /divt/ vt.献身，专心于devoted adj.忠实的；深爱的devotion n关爱；献身，奉献；忠诚14peaceful /pi:sfl/ a

12、dj.和平的；平静的；安宁的peacefully adv.和平地peace n和平；平静；和睦15legal /li:l/ adj.法律的；依照法律的illegal (反义词) adj.非法的，违法的16violence /vailns/ n暴力；暴行violent adj.暴力的；猛烈的17equal /i:kwl/ adj.相等的；平等的equally adv.同样地；相等地；公平地equality n平等，相等 18educate /edkeIt/ vt.教育；训练educated adj.受过教育的；有教养的education n教育educator n教育工作者；教育家19beg /

13、be/ vi.请求；乞求beggar n乞丐20reward /riw:d/ n报酬；奖金；vt.酬劳；奖赏rewarding adj.值得的；有益的；有回报的.重点短语识记。Unit1. 1add_up合计2calm_._down(使)平静下来；(使)镇定下来3be_concerned_about关心；挂念4go_through经历；经受5set_down放下；记下；登记6a_series_of一连串的；一系列；一套7on_purpose故意8in_order_to为了9at_dusk 在黄昏时刻10face_to_face面对面地11suffer_from 遭受；患病12get/be_ti

14、red_of对厌烦13pack_(sth.)_up将(东西)装箱打包14get_along_with与相处；进展15fall_in_love相爱；爱上16join_in参加；加入Unit21because_of由于，因为2come_up走近；上来；提出3at_present目前，现在4make_use_of利用；使用5such_as例如；像这种的6play_a_part_in在中扮演一个角色；参与7believe_it_or_not信不信由你8even_though/if即便，即使Unit 3 1ever since 从那以后2dream about梦想3persuade sb. to do

15、sth.说服某人做某事4graduate from college大学毕业5be fond of喜欢，喜爱6care about关心；忧虑；惦念7change ones mind改变主意8make up ones mind下决心，决定 9give in屈服，让步；投降10as usual照常Unit 4. 1right away立刻，马上2think little of不重视3as if好像，仿佛4at an end结束，终结5in ruins严重受损，破败不堪6a (great) number of许多，大量的7dig out掘出；发现8be proud of/take pride in因而

16、自豪 Unit 51out of work失业2as a matter of fact/in fact事实上3blow up使充气；爆炸 4in trouble在危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑等的处境中5turn to求助于；致力于6lose heart丧失勇气或信心7come to power上台；当权8set up设立，建立；搭起9be sentenced to被判处(徒刑)10in ones opinion在某人看来.经典原句默写与背诵。Unit 1 1While walking the dog，you were careless and it got loose and was hit by

17、a car.遛狗时你不小心把狗松开了，狗被汽车撞了。2You will tell him/her that he/she should have studied，so you dont let him/her look at your paper.你将告诉他/她说他/她过去本该学习，因此你不许他/她看你的卷子。3I wonder if its because I havent been able to be outdoors for so long that Ive grown so crazy about everything to do with nature.我不知道这是不是因为我长久无

18、法出门的缘故，我变得对一切与大自然有关的事物都无比狂热。4.it was the first time in a year and a half that Id seen the night face to face.这是我一年半以来第一次目睹夜晚5Its no pleasure looking through these any longer because nature is one thing that really must be experienced.透过(窗帘)观看这些已经不再是乐趣，因为大自然是你必须亲身体验的。Unit 2.1Why not go by underground

19、？为什么不坐地铁去呢？ 2Native English speakers can understand each other even if they dont speak the same kind of English.以英语作为母语的人，即使他们所讲的语言不尽相同，也可以相互理解。3Believe it or not，there is no such thing as standard English.信不信由你，(世界上)没有什么标准英语。4.Those_who_reported_the_news were expected to speak excellent English. 播报

20、新闻的人应该说出色的英语。Unit 3.1Ever since middle school，my sister Wang Wei and I have dreamed about taking a great bike trip.从高中起，我姐姐王薇和我就一直梦想作一次伟大的自行车旅行。2Although she didnt know the best way of getting to places，she insisted that she organize the trip properly.虽然她对去某些地方的最佳路线并不清楚，她却坚持要自己把这次旅游安排得尽善尽美。3When I t

21、old her the air would be hard to breathe and it would be very cold，she said it would be an interesting experience.当我告诉她那里空气稀薄，呼吸会很困难而且天气很冷时，她却说这将是一次有趣的经历。4Once she has made up her mind，nothing can change it.一旦下了决心，什么也不能改变她。5A determined person always tries to finish the job，no matter how hard it is.

22、一个意志坚定的人总是努力完成工作，不管它多困难。Unit 4.1In the farmyards，the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat.农家大院里的鸡，甚至猪都太紧张了以致于不吃东西了。2It seemed as if the world was at an end!仿佛到了世界末日！3Thousands of families were killed and many children were left without parents.成千上万个家庭遇难，许多孩子变成了孤儿。4All hope was not lost

23、.不是所有的希望都破灭了。5The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.部队人员组成小分队，将受困的人们挖出来，将死者掩埋。Unit 5.1However，this was a time when one had got to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg.然而在那个时候，你要想住在约翰内斯堡就非得要有身份证不可。2The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of law

24、s stopping our rights and progress，until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.过去30年来所出现的大量法律剥夺我们的权利，阻挡我们的进步，一直到今天，我们还处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。3.we were put into a position in which we had either to accept we were less important，or fight the government.我们被置于这样一种境地：要么被迫承认我们低人一等，要么

25、与政府作斗争。4.only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.只有到那个时候，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。5I felt bad the first time I talked to a group.第一次跟一个团队说话时，我感觉很糟。. 重点单词用法讲解。Unit1. 1.upset adj.心烦意乱的；不安的；v.( upset，upset，upsetting) 使不安；使心烦；打乱；扰乱；打翻be upset about/at/over为烦恼upset oneself about sth.为某事而烦恼It upsets

26、sb. that.让某人心烦的是Dont be upset about itno harm has been done.不要为那事烦恼，没有造成损失。【夯实基础】 (1)用upset的适当形式填空 She sounded upset when I said you couldnt come. She warned me not to say anything to upset him. I will never see him again and that is a terribly upsetting thought.(2)Whats the matter with her? 她怎么了？Sh

27、e is really upset over/at/about not finding a job.她为没找到工作而心烦意乱。(3)翻译句子。1. 我心烦意乱，很想哭。I was so upset that I felt like crying.2.ignore v.不理睬；忽视；不顾ignorance n.无知；愚昧；不知道out of/through ignorance出于无知ignorant adj.无知的；愚昧的；不知道的be ignorant of不知道Whats worse，they spat and even threw rubbish into the lake，totally

28、 ignoring the noticeable sign “No Littering” nearby.更糟的是，他们随地吐痰，甚至把垃圾扔到湖里，完全无视附近“禁止扔垃圾”的警告牌。【夯实基础】(1)用ignore的适当形式填空。 They fought a long battle against prejudice and ignorance. People dont like to ask questions for fear of appearing ignorant.(2)将划线句子进行同义句改写。Tom is always saying Im ugly，Mom.Just ignor

29、e him. You are the most beautiful in my eyes. Dont mind/care about it.3.calm adj.镇静的，沉着的(not excited，upset，etc.)；风平浪静的；无风的；v.(使)平静，(使)镇静calm sb. down使某人平静下来keep/be/stay calm保持镇静calm down平静(镇静)下来The black pencil，on the other hand，remains calm.另一方面，那只黑色铅笔却保持平静。It is not easy to calm the excited man do

30、wn.很难使那个激动的人平静下来。【夯实基础】 (1)Do keep calm in an emergency，or things will get even worse.在遇到紧急情况时一定要保持镇静，否则情况会更糟。(2)翻译句子。1.面对危险，他保持镇静。He remained/stayed/kept calm in facing the danger.4. concern v.影响(affect)；涉及(involve)，n.担心，忧虑；关心concerned adj.担心的；忧虑的；感兴趣的concerning prep.关于(be connected with)与有关(be wor

31、ried about)让(某人)担忧As far as sb. be concerned就某人而言be concerned about/for (concern oneself about/for)对担心/关心be concerned with sb./sth.( concern oneself with sb./sth)与有关It is love and concern that have brought about the great changes.是爱和关心带来了这巨大的变化。As far as Im concerned，riding bicycles is a good soluti

32、on.就我而言，骑自行车是一个好的解决办法。【夯实基础】 (1) 用concern的适当形式填空 For more information concerning the club contact I，Coldwell. I just spoke with a very concerned mother. Government officials remain concerned about the fragility(脆弱) of the financial sector.(2)同义句改写。Because he was concerned about the farm workers，Prem

33、ierWen visited them again at the beginning of 2012.(用过去分词短语改写句子)Concerned about the farm workers，Premier Wen visited them again at the beginningof_2012.5.power n.能力；力量；权力；动力come to/into power掌权；上台in ones power在某人的掌控中do all in ones power尽力而为She is said to have the power of foreseeing the future.据说她有预

34、测未来的能力。She interviewed six women who have reached positions of great power and influence.她采访了6名身居高位，并且颇具影响力的女士。【夯实基础】同义句改写。He told her that he would do everything in his power to prove that he was the man for her.(1)He told her that he would do what he could to prove that he was the man for her.(改为含

35、有what从句的复合句)(2)He told her that he would do his best to prove that he was the man for her.(用do ones best改写句子)6.使)定居；平静下来；结束；决定；确定settle down稳定；定居；坐下；平静下来settle down to开始专心做(to是介词)settle in定居；习惯于；适应settle on/upon决定；选定They settled down to a serious discussion over coffee.他们喝着咖啡，开始认真讨论问题。But he finally

36、 settled on literature，particularly drama and poetry.但是，他最终决定(选择)文学，侧重于戏剧和诗歌。Unit 2. 1.base vt以为基础；n.基础basic adj.基础的；基本的basis n.基础base.on/upon.以为根据/基础)be based on/upon以为根据(/基础)on the basis of在基础上Actually，teaching is an art based on science.事实上，教学是一门建立在科学基础上的艺术。【夯实基础】(1)用base的适当形式填空。Youll be able to

37、choose a room based on your own personal tastes.Were going to be meeting there on a regular basis.Basing an important decision more on emotion than on reason，you will regret it sooner or later.(2)同义句改写。I am mailing a textbook which is based on a new method of teaching physics.(用过去分词作定语改写句子)I am mail

38、ing a textbook based on a new method of teaching physics.(3)翻译句子。1、人们应该总是把观点建立在事实的基础上。One should always base his opinion on facts.2.separate v.把分开；分隔；adj.分开的；单独的；独立的separate A from B 把A和B分开be separated from和分离o.把分成They led separate lives.他们各自单独生活。He divided the apple in half.他把苹果分成两半。【特别提醒

39、】separate没有破坏宾语的整体性，只是将宾语分开；divide则破坏了宾语的完整性。【夯实基础】(1)语法填空。I can separate cream from milk.The two cities are separated by a highway.Divide the cake into halves.(2)用所给词的适当形式填空。As we joined the big crowd I got separated(separate) from my friends.3. command v.命令(order)；指挥(be in charge of)；n.命令；掌握(contr

40、ol)command sb. to do.命令某人做command that.(should) do.命令at ones command听某人支配have a good command of 掌握，精通take command of指挥，控制They help the computer react to commands from the brain.他们帮助电脑对来自大脑的指令做出反应。The police arrived and took command of the situation.警察到达后就控制了局势。【夯实基础】同义句改写。(1)Captain Picard commanded

41、 the crew to report the main deck.(改为含有that从句的复合句)Captain_Picard_commanded_that_the_crew_(should)_report_the_main_deck.(2)Because she was good at Chinese and English，she had an advantage over the other interviewees.(用command短语改写句子)With a good command of both Chinese and English，she had an advantage

42、over the other interviewees.4.request vt.& n.要求；请求(ask；ask forrequest sb.to do.请求某人做某事request sth. from sb.向某人要求某物request that.(should) do.要求at ones requestat the request of sb.应某人的要求She had requested that the door to her room be left open.她要求不要关闭通向她房间的门。Vietnam made an official request that the

43、 meeting be postponed.越南已经正式请求将会议推迟。特别提醒动词request后的宾语从句以及名词request后的表语从句、同位语从句都要用虚拟语气，即谓语动词为(should)动词原形。【夯实基础】(1)用所给词的适当形式填空You are requested not to smoke(not，smoke) in the restaurant.We specially requested that you (should) be informed(inform)The request is that manuscripts (should) be written(wri

44、te) on one side only.(2)Im sorry that I cannot accept your request(接受你的要求) to attend your birthday party，Linda，because Im required(要求我) to answer all the customers letters tonight by my boss.5. expect v.预料；预计；期望；盼望expect sb. to do.预料(期望)某人做as expected正如所料；不出所料expectation n.预料；希望，盼望in expectation of预

45、料beyond expectations 出乎意料live up to sbs expectations达到理想；符合希望We were expecting him home again some day.我们期盼着他某一天再回家。Dont expect me to come and visit you there.别指望我会去那儿看你。夯实基础 (1)用expect的适当形式填空After a year，she got a son as expected.Stephen Chase had determined to live up to the expectations of the co

46、mpany.(2)同义句改写。Duty is an act or a course of action that people expect you to take by social customs，law or religion.(改为简单句)Duty is an act or a course of action expected to be taken by social customs，law or religion.6. recognize v.认识；辨认出(make out)；be recognized as被公认为It is recognized that.人们公认out of

47、/beyond recognition认不出来Thus I began to recognize the strengths of my classmates and have everyone do their part in class.因此我开始认识到同学们的力量，然后让他们在班级里发挥各自的作用。夯实基础 (1)同义句改写。It is recognized that environmental pollution has become one of the most serious problems that people face.(用sth. be recognized to.改写

48、句子)Environmental pollution is recognized to have become one of the most serious problems that people face.(2)翻译句子。我们都肯定她在舞蹈方面的才华。We all recognized her talent for dancing. 这本书现在是一部公认的经典著作。The book is now recognized as a classic.【夯实基础】(1)完成句子。With all the difficult problems settled，the boss went abroa

49、d for a trip.由于所有的难题都解决了，老板去国外旅行了。Im glad to learn that youve settled down in Boston.获悉你已在波士顿定居我很高兴。(2)同义句改写They finally settled to buy the car.(用动名词作宾语改写句子)They finally settled on/upon buying the car.7.suffer v.(受折磨(to be badly affected)；遭受suffer pain/defeat/hardship 遭受痛苦/失败/艰难suffer from受折磨；患病suff

50、ering n.痛苦；苦恼；让人痛苦的事On the other hand，they also suffer from less respect and lower pay，working all day on the street whether it shines strongly or snows，winds heavily.另一方面，他们不受尊重，报酬很低，整天在马路上劳作，不管烈日炎炎还是狂风暴雪。Our earth is suffering severe damage.我们的地球正遭受着严重的破坏。【特别提醒】suffer和suffer from一般不用于被动语态。【夯实基础】用所

51、给词的适当形式填空。(1)After the flooding，people were suffering(suffer) in that area，who urgently needed clean water，medicine and shelter to survive.(2)Shortly after suffering(suffer) from a massive earthquake and being reduced to ruins，the city took on a new look.(3)It is reported that the government has lig

52、htened the burden on the students. Oh，today we are still suffering(suffer) from heavy school work，aiming(aim) at preparing us for the entrance examination.8.recover v.痊愈；康复；找回；重新获得recover from从中恢复recover oneself恢复正常recover losses/ones lost watch弥补损失/找回失去的手表recovery n.康复，恢复With my special care，my mot

53、her recovered quickly.在我的细心照料下，母亲很快就康复了。Seeing her lying in bed with her leg wrapped in bandages，we felt sorry for her and hoped that she would recover soon.看到她腿缠绷带躺在床上我们都很难过并希望她能尽快康复。【夯实基础】 (1)用所给词的适当形式填空。She soon recovered herself(she) and went on with her lecture.The boy made a quick recovery(rec

54、over) from his cold.(2)同义词语替换。Share prices on the Stock Exchange plunged sharply in the morning but recovered slightly in the afternoon. went upUnit 3.1 prefer v更喜欢； prefer to do/doing sth.更喜欢做prefer sb.to do.喜欢让某人做prefer doing.to doing.(prefer to do.rather than do.)和相比更喜欢做have a preference to优先考虑Af

55、ter all，all kids prefer to be praised rather than be scolded.毕竟，所有的孩子都喜欢表扬而不是批评。Fluency in Chinese is preferred.流利的汉语是首选。I prefer red wine to white.我喜欢红葡萄酒，不太喜欢白的。【夯实基础】 (1)用所给词的适当形式填空He prefers staying(stay) indoors to going(go) out this afternoon.Tom prefers to meet his friend at the station rather than wait(wait) here.(2)同义句改写。She preferred to go with us rather than stay behind.She preferred going with us