人教版高一英语必修一units1-5单元知识点总结

1、人教版高一英语必修一Unit 1 Friendship知识清单Lsurvey n.调查；测验；测量：检查：鉴定We were pleased with their survey.我们对他们的调查感到满意。常见搭配：make a survey of sth调查/纵观某事We had better make a survey of the market.我们最好做个市场调查。a public opinion survey 民意调查【拓展】n .(指人)surveyor测量者/员；(不动产等的)鉴定员,调查官2. add vt.增加；添加：补充说力口；添加；补充说常见搭配：(1) add sth “

2、增加，补充说道”The fire is going out, could you add some wood? 火快熄了,请你加些木柴好吗？“He is very clever but a bit naughty J he added.“他很聪明但是有点淘气的。”他补充道。(2) add sth to sth 把和相加Add 8 to 3, you511 have 11. 8 力口 3 等于 11。(3) add to = increasee.g: The news added to/increased his sadness.(4) add up/together 合计，加起来e.g: Ad

3、d up the expenses, see if we could afford it,把所有的费用加起来，看看我们是否能支付得起。(5) add up to 总计达e.g: The expenses add up to 1000 yuan.His income adds up to 3000 yuan a month3. upset(1) adj.心烦意乱的；不安的；不适的be upset about/over/at sth 为某事感到心烦be upset with sb.对某人生气He felt upset about losing the money.丢了钱,他感到难过James wa

4、s upset because he had lost his ticket.詹姆很烦躁，因为他把车票丢了。(2)vt.使烦乱，扰乱，使不安，使不适sth. upset sb.(某事)使某人心烦意乱sb. upset sth (某事)打/弄翻某物upset one飞plan打乱某人的计划upset one's stomach使胃不舒服4. ignore vt.不理睬，忽视She will ignore the bell and go somewhere quiet to calm him down.The best way to deal with an impolite person

5、 is to ignore him.【拓展】n. ignorance无知，愚昧，不学无术His ignorance is surprising.I was in complete ignorance of his intentions.adj. ignorant无知识的，不知道的，愚昧的，幼稚的be ignorant of对无知,不知道5. calm(1) adj.冷静的，平静的keep/stay/remain calm保持平静It became calm after the storm.(2) vt.&vi,平静下来；镇定下来 calm down /calm sb down冷静下来S

6、he was very sad, would you please calm her down?6.have got tohave got to (had got to )必须，不得不(1) have got to 是 have to 的口 语形式You haven't got to change at London Station.have got to的否定形式只有一种：haven't got to疑问式也只有一种形式：Have you got to.?(3) have got to 不同于 have got,have got 意为"有"eg. I ha

7、ve got a pen.7. concern v.&n.(l)vt.使担心，使不安(通常用被动语态)；涉及；关系到be concerned about 关心； 挂念as far as . be concerned 就而言concern oneself with 从事/参与She is concenied about hei son's fiitiire.(2)n.关心;关注;(利害)关系show/express one' s concern for sth. 对表示关心It' s no concern of mine.=It' s none of my

8、 business.这不关我的事。8. loose adj.松开的，自由的，无束缚的I have one hand loose but the other is tied.我的一只手没捆着，另一只手却被捆绑着。This dog must not be left loose.这只狗一定得拴住。(2)松的，松动的，不紧的，宽松的；a loose button快掉的扣子the loose soil疏松的土壤a loose sweater宽松的套衫9. go through(1) to experience经历；遭受或忍受；rd hate to go tliiough such a temble or

9、deal again.我不想再受这种痛苦的经验。(2)仔细检查I went through your homework last night.I went tln,ough all my pockets but I couldn't find my wallet.所有的袋子我都找遍，就是找不到我的皮夹。(3)经过;穿过Go through the gate and you will get there.穿过大门你就会到达那里。(4)用完；耗尽The boys went through the milk.那些男孩把牛奶都喝光了。和g。相关的短语：go ahead向前,进行；走吧；吃吧;喝

10、吧go after追逐；追求go along进展,相处go against违反，违背go away走开；滚开go by过去；经过go on继续下降；go down下沉go over仔细查看，查阅go in for爱好；从事；致力于go wrong出错；出故障10. hide awayhide- hid- hidden(l)vi躲藏eg: The thief hid away in a friend's house for several weeks after the robbeiy .那个盗贼行窃后在朋友家躲藏了几个星期.(2)vt隐瞒eg: Why do you hide your

11、 thoughts (away )from me ?你为什么对我隐瞒你的想法呢？ll.set down(1 )set down =write down放下，搁下，使坐下，写下，记下.eg:He was asked to set down the facts just as he remembered them .I set down the note immediately.与set有关的词组set about(doing)sth.=set out to do sth.着手干某事set up建立，开办set aside留出；不顾；存储set off出发；动身（前往）set an example

12、 to 树立榜样12. series n.连续,系列,一连串（单复同形）a series of 一连串的;一系列的a series of exams 一连串的考试a TV series 一部电视连续剧A series of lectures on language is prepared by Mr Stone.There is a television series on this channel every night.There has been a series of car accidents at the crossing.13. outdoorsadv.在（向）户外，在（向）野外

13、淇反义词为indoorseg: Children usually prefer playing outdoors .n.户外,野外，其前常加定冠词the,构成the outdoors户外I love to be in the great outdoors.【拓展】outdoor户外的；露天的；野外的（反义词为indoor）an outdoor sport/game 一项户 外运动indoor adj.屋内的，室内的（置于n.之前）indoor flowers 室内花卉.14. purpose n.目的，意图【拓展】 carry out the purpose 实现目标cover one'

14、;s true puipose 掩盖真实意图on purpose =by design故意地；为了要.而特地He broke the window on purpose.他故意打坏窗户。for the purpose of 为了 目的with the purpose of doing sth怀有目的;目的在于15. in order to 为了She arrived early in order to get a good seat.她到得很早,图的是得个好位置.In order that+句子与so as to的区别:so as to 般只放在句中不放句首，而in order to句中句首都

15、可以出现16. happen vl.发生；碰巧；偶然遇到（1）（事故、意外）发生What time did the accident happen?这件事故是什么时候发生的？sth. happen to sb.An accident happened to him last year.去年,他出了一次事故。碰巧sb. happen to do sth.某人碰巧做某事I happen to meet him in the street just now.我刚刚碰巧在大街上遇见他。17. Entirely adv 完全地(completely, totally)eg: Although they

16、are twins,they look entirely different.他们虽然是李生子，但是相貌却完全不同.I'm not entirely happy with that idea .我对那个主意十分满意.18. face to face 面对面地The two politicians were brought face to face in a TV interview.这两位从政者曾在一次电视采访中面对面.【拓展】come face to face with sb.=meet sb. face to face 与某人碰面.shoulder to shoulder 肩并肩=

17、side by sidehand in hand 手牵手heart to heart 心贴心back to back背靠背地arm in arm手拉手地19. No longer/ not.any longer 不再(no longer通常位于实义动词之前或系动词、助动词等之后)He no longer needs the bike ./ he does not need the bike any more.He is no longer living here. / he is not living here any more.20. settle vt&vi.(l)vi.安家,定居

18、,停留settle down安居下来He settled in American.(2)vt.解决，决定You should settle the problems.你应该把这些问题解决了。21. suffer vt.&vi.遭受(痛苦、损害、不愉快的事)；忍受；(1) vt遭受；蒙受 其后常接 pain, loss, defeat, poverty, hunger, punishment, hardship, damage 等名词 作宾语(2)vL后常接from,表示“受折磨；受之苦；患某种疾病”suffering n. U痛苦；苦难pl.痛苦;苦恼用suffer的适当形式填空(2)

19、 Helen Keller a strange sickness when she was only nineteen years old.(3) They a narrow defeat on Sunday, losing the match by a score of 3-4.(4) It is miserable to see those patients from poverty and disease.22. recover :痊愈，恢复，重新获得It took him a year to recoverThe global economy began to recover earl

20、ier this year.23. get/be tired of sth 对厌烦/厌倦I am tired of hearing about politics.我讨厌听到关于政治的话题。24. pack(l)n.小包；包裹Give me my pack.(2)vt.捆扎，包装，打包Fil pack some food固定词组:pack sth up将装箱打包pack their luggage up25. get along with(1)与相 ifc=get on well withI found it hard to get along with other boys.我发现很难与其他男

21、孩相处。(2)进展How is he getting along with his English ?他的英语学得怎样？26. disagree v.不同意固定搭配:disagree with sth/sb反对某事、某人disagree on / abut sth在某方面有分歧disagree with sb on/about sth在某方面与某人有分歧I disagree with you我不同意你的看法I disagree with any cruelty to animals 我反对虐待动物Unit2 English around the world知识清单1. native n.&am

22、p;adj.(l)n.本地人，本国人a native of Germany出生于希腊的人He is a native of Beijing.他是北京人。(2) adj.本国的，本地的，仅作前置定语one's native land 祖国 one's native language 母语与t。连用时，表示“本地产的”Banana is native to Taiwan.香蕉是台湾的土特产。2. requestn.&vt,要求;请求;需要(l)n. "请求、申请所需之物”at one,s request=at the request of sb.(request

23、不可数)应某人的请求We came at your request.我们应你的请求而来。(2) vt.要求,请求request sth.请求某物request sb. to do sth.请求某人做某事He requests his mother to buy a toy for him.他请求妈妈给他买个玩具。request sth. from sb.=request sth. of sb,向某人请求某事You may go and request help froni/of your brother.你应该去请你的兄弟帮忙。request that sb. (should) do sth

24、要求某人做某事I request that he should help me.我要求他帮帮我。3 command(l)n.命令，指令，控制，掌握He has a good command of French. 他的法语很好。短语：,be in command of sb.在某人的控制之下under sb/s command 在某人的指挥之下< take command of 开始控制at sb/s command听从某人吩咐;运用自如have a good command of 精通(2)vt.指挥,命令，指令sb. To do sth.that sb. (should) do sth

25、.The teacher commanded that he (should) go out of the classroom. 老师命令他离开教室。4. presentn.现在；礼物：J adj.现在的；出席的vt.提出；介绍；呈现；赠送I vi.举枪瞄准根据语境猜词义(1) There were 200 people present at the meeting.(2) Levels of population present in the atmosphere are increasing.(3) What can get him foe a birthday present?(4) Y

26、ou've got to forget the past and start living in the present.(5) He has presented all he has to the students who are too poor to go to college.(6) Are you presenting your paper at the conference?(7) She used to present a gardening program on TV.(presence n.在场；出席at present= at the present time 目前

27、for the present 暂时make a present of sth to sb = make sb. a present of sth.向某人赠送某物be present at出席；参加I present sb. with sth.=present sth. to sb.向某人捐赠某物5. come up走近，走向前去；升起；提出(1) A child came up to me and showed me the way to the station.(2) The sky was dark blue and clear when the moon came up.(3) You

28、r question came up at the e up with提出；拿出；想出；产生；发现(解决问题的办法，答案等)She came up with a funny idea.他想出了 一个有趣的想法。come along到达；一起来；过来come about 发生come from 来自于come out出版；开花come over过来；克服come on加油；跟我来：进行，进展come true (梦想)成真用come相关短语填空The other day when I was walking in the street, I Wang Lei, an old

29、 friend of mine. She told me a story of her brother's. He once saw a dog a boy, which made the boy die of a disease related to a dog disease. At that time, he the idea to learn medicine and find a cure for the disease. In the next 10 years, he a lot of difficulties and his dreamfinally. Last mon

30、th, his experiment for the drug very successful and it was predicted that the number of people who can benefit from his research will 1.000,000 a year.6. sucha/an + adj. +可数名词1J + that. 如此以致adj.+不可数名词/复数名词他是一个如此优秀的学生以至于很多同学都喜欢与他做朋友。 +adj.+a/an+单数名词'so，a +that.如此以致.+adj./adv.他是一个如此优秀的学生，以致很多同学都喜欢

31、与他做朋友。【拓展】such as, for example, like表示“例如；比如“(1) such as用来列举同类的人或事，放在被列举的事物前。My mother bought many fruits, such as, apples, pears, peaches and strawberries.(2) for example列举同类人或事物中的“一个”。在句中位置较灵活，可位于句首、句中或句尾。 Boys like football very much. Tom, for example, is a football fan.(3) like引导的介词短语在句中作插入语。作“诸

32、如，例如"解，相当于such as的意思。 There are many things to eat, such as/like oranges, apples and peaches.用 such as, for example汰e 填空(1) Some students, John, lives in the neighborhood.(2) Many great men Lincoln and Edison have risen from poverty.(3) I visited several cities New York, Chicago and Boston.(4)

33、He knows three foreign languages,English, French and Japanese.7. recognize vt.&vi.辨认出；识别出recognizable adj.可辨认的recognition n.认出；辨认；认可 recognize sb./sth. by/from根据认出某人, I recognized him by his red cap. 我根据她的红色帽子认出了她。recognize sb. as/to be认为是a I recognized her to be a good English learner.我认为她是一个好的

34、英语学习者。| beyond one's recognition = out of one's recognition 认不出： 面 目全非Ifs recognized that.人们公认为辨析：recognize, know, realizerecognize不用于进行时recognize不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。不能说：I have recognized him for a long time.可 以说：I have known him for a long time.realize意为“意识到”，强调在经过一个过程后的完全了解。recognize指原来很熟悉，经过一段

35、时间的间隔或离别后乂重新认出来，瞬间动词。know “知道；认识；了解”，指互相间十分熟悉、了解，延续性动词。(1) Only after you lose your health will you the importance of health.(2) Fve Tom for years.(3) I him as soon as he came into the room.8. base(l)n.基地，根据地；底部。常指工业或军事基地1a naval base海军基地an air base空军基地a base camp基地营地(2) v.把建立在的基础上；把基地设在base on/ upo

36、n 根据； 基于be based on/ upon 以为根据This film is based on a true story.这部电影是以一个真实的故事为根据的。(3) be based in/at.安置在Most of our staff are based in Cairo.我们大部分工作人员都住在开罗。【拓展】(1) basis n,根据，基础。(往往是指抽象的东西，比如讨论、推断所依照的根据) 常用的搭配：on the basis of以为基础We wanted to bottom our plan on a solid basis.我们想把我们的计划建立在一个牢固的基础上。(2)

37、 basic adj.基本的 n.基础；要素Access to justice is a basic right, 享有公正是一种基本权利。9. make use of 利用(make full use of 充分利用make good use of好好利用，合理利用make the best use of 尽量利用make little use of没有很好地利用10. expression n.(感情、思想、想法的)表达，表现；表情；词句wear a delighted/sad expression 带着愉快/悲伤的表情words and expressions单词和习惯用语beyond/

38、past expression 无法形容地IL play a part in=play a role in 在中担任角色； 在中起作用play the leading role起主要作用电脑在我们的日常生活中起了重要的作用。12 . believe it or not信不信由你(插入语)常见的插入语有：generally speaking frankly speaking to tell you the truth what's worse what's more一般说来坦白说=to be frank/to be honest 老实说 更糟糕的是而且13 .coinnnmica

39、te vt传达，传送（新闻、意见、感情等）；传染（疾病）；传送;沟通，交流communicate with sb.与某人沟通：通话communicate in 用语言沟通【拓展】（1） communication n.通讯，通信；交流mass communication大众传播;大众传媒；human communication 人际交往（2）communicative adj.爱说话的：直言不讳的；传达（通讯）的communicative competence 交际能力communicative function交际功能,交际职能重点单词（观察词性的变化）1. official adj.官方的

40、；正式的；公务的office n.办公室officer n.官员2. base vt.以为根据n.基地；基础basic adj.基本的；基础的3. gradual adj.逐渐的，逐步的gradually adv.逐渐地;逐步地4. identity n.本身；本体；身份identical adj.相同的；一样的identify v.确定；认出；5. fluent adj.流利的;流畅的-fluently adv.流利地;流畅地-fluency n.流利,流畅6. frequent adj.频繁的；常见的frequently adv.常常;频繁地frequency n.频率；频度7. usag

41、e n.使用；用法；词语惯用法一一useful adj,有用的-usen.&v.使用，利用8. command n.&vt.命令；指令；掌握commander n.指挥员，司令员9. expression n.词语；表示；表达-express v,表达expressive adj.富于表情的；有表现力的10. recognize v.辨认出；承认；公认一-recognizable adj.容易认出的；易于识别的recognition n,认出；认识；识别Unit 3 Travel Journal知识清单L prefer vt.更喜欢；选择某事物(而不选择其他事物)(1) pre

42、fer sth. to sth. 喜欢而不喜欢I prefer vegetables to meat.我喜欢蔬菜不喜欢肉°(2) prefer doing to doing 宁愿而不愿I prefer playing basketball to playing football.我宁愿打篮球也不踢足球。 prefer sb. to do sth.更喜欢某人做某事(3) prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.宁愿做而不愿做would do sth. rather than do sth. would rather do sth. than do st

43、h. 我宁愿去网吧玩也不愿回学校。preferable adj.较合适的；更可取的preferences偏爱；爱好2. persuade vt.说服；劝说(1) persuade sb. to do sth. = persuade/talk sb. into doing sth.说服某人做某事persuade sb. not to do sth.= persuade/talk sb. out of doing sth.说服某人不做某事(2) persuade sb. of sth.使某人相信某事persuade sb. That使某人相信(3) try to persuade sb. to d

44、o sth. = advise sb. to do sth.尽力劝说某人做某事(但未必说服)3. determine vt.&vi.ft；下定决心(1) be determined to do sth. = make up one's mind to do sth.下定决心做某事(2) determined adj.决心的a determined look坚决的表情(3) determination n. 决心、a man of great determination 一个意志坚强的人He is a man of determination.他是一个意志坚强的人。4. give

45、 in屈服，让步，投降；上交He had to give in to my views.他只好顺从了我的意见。It time you gave in your papers.到你交论文的时候了。'give in（to sb./sth.）向让步give up sth./doing 放弃（做）某事give away 赠送；泄露<give back归还；恢复give off放出，散发（光、热、烟、气味等）give over交付i give out vt.分配；分发；发布vi.（食物，燃料，电力等）用光；筋疲力尽5. change one,s mind 改变主意Maybe they511

46、 think and change their minds.也许他们愿意好好想想并改变主意。【归纳】Jmake up one's mind bear/keep.in mind call/bring.to mind下定决心；决定 记住，记在心里 回忆起fix one's mind on/ upon 将注意力集中于read one's mind看出某人的心思我已经下定决心要好好学习。本单元重要句型L强调句（1 ）结构：It is / was +被强调部分+that / who +其余部分（2）强调句中it不能更换，is/was与“其余部分”的时态一致，故不受被强调部分单复数

47、的影响；被强调部分可以是除谓语以外的任何部分，被强调部分是人的，可以用that或who,其他则一律用thatoE.g. I met him in the street last night.我昨天在街上看见他。It is I that/who met him in the street last night.It is him that/who I met in the street last night.It is in the street that I met him last night.It is last night that I met him in the street.（强调

48、主语） （强调宾语）（强调地点状语）（强调实践状语）（3）特殊疑问句的强调句式:疑问词+is/was + it + that +句子其余部分What is it that Joe has found in the bathroom?乔在洗手间发现了什么？2.倍数的表达方法j倍数+比较级+thanJ 倍数+as+adj./adv. + as倍数+ the size/length/depth/width/height/aniount + of、倍数+what-clau se前三个句型可以相互转换，转换时需要注意倍数的增减：“比大三倍"，即“是的四 倍大”；“是的三倍长”即“比长两倍”这条

49、街是那条街的三倍长。This street is three times as long as that one.This street is three times the length of that one.This street is twice longer than that one.Unit 4 Earthquakes1、burst vi.爆裂，爆发That balloon will burst if you blow it up any more.你再给那气球充气，它就要爆炸了。The disease burst after they drunk the water.他们喝过水

50、后疾病就爆发了。n. c突然破裂；爆发There is a burst of laughter in the room.房间里爆发出一阵笑声。搭配：burst into+n=burst out doing sth. 突然起来burst into tears = burst out crying突然大哭起来burst into laughter=burst out laughing 放声大笑【拓展】burst forth突然出现 burst out 冒出 burst with 充满 burst open 突然开了burst into 闯入burst upon突然出现 a burst of ang

51、er 勃然大怒2、ruin n.U毁坏；毁灭；灭亡、虫（使）毁坏；毁灭；成为废墟n-C倒塌的建筑物，废墟The war brought ruin to the country.战争给这个国家带来了毁灭。Did you see the mins of the bombed-out office block?你见过被炸毁的办公楼的废墟吗？The castle now lies in ruins.现在这座城堡已成为一片废墟了。注意：ruin表示“废墟，遗迹”，常用复数，常构成短语in ruins,意为“严重受损，破败不堪”， 强调状态，常用作表语或状语。She poured water all ov

52、er the painting and ruined it.【拓展】be in ruins呈一片废墟 fall into ruin成为废墟 bring sth. to ruin使某物毁灭 bring sb. to ruin使某人破产injure vt.损害、伤害；使受伤come to ruin毁灭，落空go to ruin 毁灭ruin oneself自我毁灭ruin one's hopes使某人的希望破灭Liu Xiang injured one of his feet in a training accident.刘翔在一次训练事故中伤了一只脚。【拓展】injury n.伤害，损伤

53、injured adj.受伤的the injured受伤的人：伤员(表示一类人，用复数谓语)辨析：injure/liu rt/wound/liarm(l)hurt普通用语，既可指肉体上的伤害,也可指精神上、感情上的伤害。如:The driver hurt himself badly in the accident.那位司机在这次事故中伤得很重。She hurt her leg when she fell.她跌倒时,一条腿受了 伤。He felt hurt at your words.你的话使他很难过。I'm sony I didn,t mean to hurt you.对不起，我并不是

54、故意伤害你的感情的。(2)injure比hurt正式,hurt多指伤痛。而injure则指损害健康、成就、容貌等，强调功能的损失。如: A bullet injured his left eye.一颗子弹伤了他的左眼。Drinking can injure one's health.喝酒对人的健康有害。I hope I didn't injure her feelings.我希望没有伤害她的感情(3)harm用于肉体或精神上的伤害均可,有时可指引起不安或不便。还可用于抽象事物，尤其是指不 道德的事情。如：Don't harm your eyes by reading i

55、n dim light.不要在昏暗的灯光下看书，以免损害眼睛。Ihave never harmed anybody.我从未伤害过任何人。There was a fire in our street, but no one was harmed.我们街里曾发生过火灾,但没人受伤。(4)wound指枪伤、刀伤、刺伤等皮肉之伤，是出血的、严重的伤,特指战场上的受伤。它可以指肉 体上的伤害。也可比喻指人们精神上的创伤。如：The bullet wounded his arm.子弹打伤了他的一只胳膊。The robber wounded him with a knife.那个强盗用刀刺伤了他。You h

56、ave wounded his pride.你伤害了他的自尊心4、 wonder(1) . vt.&vi.对(某事)感到惊讶；不能相信(某事)about/atwonder + I to do sth.I从句I don't wonder you were anxious about their safety.你为他们的安全着急，我并不感到奇怪。Sometimes I wonder about his behaviors.有时我对他的行为感到惊讶。I was wondering where to spend the weekend.我不知道到哪儿去度过周末。(2)n.惊叹，惊奇，诧异They were filled with wonder,他们极为吃惊。n.奇观，奇迹；奇事，奇才The Great Wall of China is one of the wonders in the