高中英语必修5第1单元重点单词及短语讲解

1、必修5第1单元重点单词及短语讲解1. engineengine n.C1. 发动机,引擎2. 机车,火车头3. 器械,工具4. 消防车,救火车steam engineph.1. 蒸汽机2. characteristiccharacteristic a.1. 特有的,独特的;典型的;表示特性的(+of)be characteristic of 是.的特征, 为.特有的Urban inhabitants have to live with the characteristic noises of cities.城市居民不得不忍受都市特有的喧嚣。Quick decision is character

2、istic of him.快速决定是他的特征。n.C1. 特性,特征,特色It is their distinguishing characteristic.这是他们与众不同的特征。character, characteristic, feature & personality辨析：characters: 人物,性格 eg.All the characters in this book are imaginary. 这本书中的人物都是虚构的。 What's your most special characters? 你个性上最大的特点是什么？ characteristics:

3、特性,特征, eg.She has Asiatic characteristics. 她具有亚洲人的特点。Feature的意思是“特色”或“特点”；Her dancing eyes are her most attractive features.personality n.1. 人格,品格CUHis personality left a deep impression on us. 他的人品给我们留下了深刻的印象。2. (显明的)个性,性格CUHe has a strong personality. 他性格坚强。The ideal person for this job has these

4、_:ten years experience and an advances degree. A, characters B, characteristics3. radium镭4. put forwardput forward 1. 提出He put forward a very good suggestion at the meeting.他在会上提出了一个很好的建议。2. 把.向前拨You ought to put your watch forward ten minutes.你应该把表朝前拨快十分钟。put forward to doing 提出做. put forward提出.Las

5、t year the factory over six million records.A. put forward B. put down C. put out D. put throughC put out 生产 A 放出 B 拒绝/放下 D 从事/接通，都不合题意They have a plan for reducing the daily outcome, which is quite practical A .put off B .put away C. put dowm D. put forwardput off是推迟，put away是收起来，put down是放下，put fo

6、rward是提出。建议。5. theory theory n.1. 学说;论说;.论C(+of)+thatDarwin spent more than twenty years working on his theory of evolution.达尔文花了二十余年时间研究他的进化论。2. 理论;学理,原理UCIt seems good in theory, but it doesn't work in practice.理论上它似乎很不错,但实际上却行不通。3. 意见;推测,揣度C+thatMy theory is that we'll have a cold winter

7、this year.依我看今年冬天会很冷。Many scientists accept the theory that the universe is growing larger.许多科学家接受这样的看法:宇宙在不断增大。Einstein's most famous theory is we call the Theory of Relativity.a. what b. that c. which d. how6. infectinfect vt.(+with)1. 【医】传染;侵染;感染The flu virus infected almost the entire class.

8、全班几乎人人都染上了流行性感冒病毒。2. 使受影响;感染The captain's courage infected his men.船长的勇气感染了他的船员。3. 污染The air is infected with noisome gases.空气受到了有害气体的污染。4. 腐蚀;使腐化词汇辨析affect, effect, influence： affect常用作动词，意思是“对有影响”或“给带来变化”。例如：Does second hand smoke affect the health of all of us?effect在大多数情况下都被用作名词，意为“结果” “效果”；

9、“作用”；“影响”：to affect sth.=to have an effect on sth.例如：The drug did not affect the disease, and it had several adverse （不利的，反对的）side effects.一个简便的原则就是如果你需要一个动词的话，十之八九选用affect，如果需要一个名词，则通常使用effect.influence指通过行动、榜样等对他人产生潜移默化的影响或作用，注重“影响”的结果。记忆形似词：effect n.影响； effort n.努力 infect vt.医 传染, 感染。主要是指传染（病毒什么的

10、），一般不用在好事情上。考点提要in effect = in fact 实际上；take effect = come into force 实施，生效；Reading on bed Aour eyes. A。 has a bad effect on B 。take a bad effect on C。 has a bad effect to D。 has a bad affect on have an effect on对.有影响the medicine prevented us_ by the germ。A. to infect B. from being infected C. to be

11、 infected D. from infecting prevent sb from doing 阻止。做某事 being infected 动名词被动形式做介词宾语7. infectiousinfectious a.1. 传染的;传染性的an infectious disease传染病2. 有感染力的,易传播的an infectious grin有感染力的笑Their enthusiasm was infectious.他们的热情有感染力。8. scientificscientific a.1. 科学的,科学上的ZShe has a scientific mind.、她有科学头脑。-I h

12、ear that a lot of scientific equipment has been bought in our school -How wonderful ! Do you know when_? A. it has been bought B. had it been bought C. it was bought D. was it bought9. examineexamine vt.1. 检查;细查;诊察The doctor examined the boy and found there was nothing the matter with him.医生检查了男孩的身体

13、发现他是健康的。examine a new scientific idea 验证一个新的科学思想Did you examine your paper money closely? 你仔细检查过你的纸币了吗?2. 审问;盘问(+on)The lawyer examined the witness. 律师讯问了证人。3. 测验(+in/on)The teacher examined the students in physics. 教师考学生物理。vi.1. 检查,调查exam/examine/examination区别：exam n. 考试, 测验 examine v/n. 检查，细看，调查,

14、考试 examination n. 考试, 检查, 细查There are number of students waiting to get _(examine)get done 是一个专用的搭配，故填examined 是表被动.the teacher talk t us into working hard for the next examinetalk sb into/out of doing sth 说服某人做/不做某事My luggage was closely _ （examine）when I entered that country?填examined 是表被动examine/

15、test/check辨析：Please your answers again before you hand in your paper in the exam. A. examine B. check C. testcheck和examine是有区别的。check是检查、核对，看看是有还是无，是对还是错。而examine则表示对细节的仔细查看。举个简单的例子：你买了一台电脑，你先要check一下，发票有没有开了，各配件有没有齐全了；然后你要examine一下，看看电脑箱盖上有没有划痕，看看各零件是不是在正确位置，再看看液晶显示屏上面有没有斑点等等；接下来你就要test一下了，看看电脑的功能是

16、否正常。 说到这里，应该明白check、examine和test的区别了吧？这三个词用中文翻译可都是“检查”啊！ 考试时检查答案当然要用check，因为你是在“检查”答案的对与错，你不会去examine你的字迹或test一下你的笔是不是好用。examine vt. 1.调查, 检查, 考试，细看test n. 测试, 试验, 检验 v. 测试, 试验, 检验check n/ v.检验, 校对, 核算10. concludeconclude vt.1. 结束We concluded our meeting at 9 o'clock.我们九点钟结束了会议。2. 推断出,断定What can

17、 you conclude from these observations?你从这些观察中能得出什么结论?3. 缔结(条约)(+with)4. (最后)决定(为)+to-v+thatHe concluded that he would wait a little longer.他决定再等一会儿。He concluded to quit on pay day.他决定在发薪水这天辞职。vi.1. 结束,终了(+with)The meeting concluded after two hours.两小时后会议结束了。2. 断定3. 达成协议4. 作出(最后)决定11. conclusion略12.

18、draw a conclusion得出结论13. analyseanalysevt.1. 分解;分析;解析analyse analyze, analysis, analyst 的区别？analyse (BrE) 英式,动词, 分析 analyze (AmE) 美式,动词, 分析 analysis 名词, 分析(对事物的各个部分及其相互关系的研究.)analyst 'ænlist n. 分析者, 精神分析学家 化 分析员; 化验员 经 分析师analytic和analytical的区别？analytic 和analytical 是同样的意思。都是“分析的，解析的”。用法上也没有

19、区别。（牛津，朗文上都是把这两个词做为相同的来看待） 如：She has a clear analytical / analytic mind. 她头脑清晰，善于分析。14. repeatrepeat vt.1. 重复;重做;重说+wh-The teacher asked him to repeat what he had said.老师要他重复他所讲的话。2. 复述,背诵Mary could repeat many poems from memory.玛丽能背诵许多诗歌。3. 照着说;照着写Please repeat the following sentence after me.请跟我朗读

20、下面这句子。vi.1. 重复;重做;重说Repeat after me, please.请跟我念。n.C1. 重复;重做;重说It is important not only learn and remember names, but to_ them often in conversation.(recall, retell, repeat)答案：repeat 不仅仅学习记住这些名字是重要的，在对话中经常重复也很重要。recall, retell, repeat的区别：recall，再打一次电话，重拨 retell，背课文；复述 repeat，重复repeat和 pardon可以互换吗？re

21、peat 是重复的意思，跟pardon 比起来态度上要强硬许多，比方说你在跟别人说话，你没有听清楚他对你说的内容，你就要说pardon ,而不能说repeat.repeat 的态度太过生硬。pardon多用在口语中，而repeat 基本上在口语中不用。书面上repeat用得较多，而pardon一般不用在书面上。repeat 能不能和again连用？通常是说repeat或say it again 不说repeat again15. defeatdefeat vt.1. 战胜,击败The French defeated the English troops.法国人打败了英国军队。2. 使失败,挫败

22、Our hopes were defeated.我们的希望落空了。3. 【律】使无效,废除n.CU1. 失败,战败,挫折The aggressors were doomed to defeat.侵略者注定要失败。2. 战胜,击败beat , defeat, win, hit .,gain之间的区别:beat意为“战胜”、“打败”，后接比赛中的“对手” eg:I beat John at chess yesterday. I can beat all runners in our school. 另外，beat 当“击打”强调连续或反复地“打”，因此像心脏跳动、打鼓、打拍子等之类具有连续性或反复

23、性的动作，一般也要用 beat。如： My heart beats fast. 我的心跳得很快。 Who is beating the drum? 谁在击鼓? She was beating the dust out of the carpet. 她在敲打地毯上的灰尘(以敲打的方式除尘)。defeat意为“击败”。多用于指击败敌军、入侵者等，也有“使失败，使落空”等的意思 eg: We defeated the enemy in the battle. Team A defeated(beat) Team B in the football match. Our hopes were defe

24、ated.win多指赢得“比赛”“辩论”和“战斗”,它常跟的宾语有game, war, prize, fame, battle等。 eg: They won the battle but lost many men. 他们取得了这次战斗的胜利，但牺牲了很多人。hit表示有意或无意地打或撞等，往往含有重重一击或用力敲打等之意。如： He hit her hard in the face. 他重重地打了她一耳光。 The car ran out of control and hit a tree. 汽车失去控制，撞在树上。Gain表示获得需要之物，它常跟的宾语有ones living, exper

25、ience, strength, time, knowledge, attention, respect, admiration 等； We shall gain experience through practice.我们将通过实践获得经验。 用所给单词按适当形式填空：1.They _(defeat) last month.They were defeated (defeat) last month. 他们上个月被打败了。16. attendattend vt.1. 出席,参加He did not attend the meeting yesterday.昨天他没有参加会议。2. 上(大学等

26、),前往The school was attended almost entirely by local children.上这个学校读书的几乎全是当地的孩子。3. 照料;护理;侍候There was no one to attend him but Tina.除了蒂娜,再无人照顾他了。4. 伴随,带有5. 陪同,护送vi.1. 出席,参加(+at)2. 照料,处理(+to)I'll attend to the matter.我来处理此事。3. 护理;侍候(+on/upon)4. 注意,倾听;致力(于)(+to)She didn't attend to what I was s

27、aying.她并不注意听我所说的话。Join， join in， take part in ， attend和 enter的用法比较/辨析： 这几个词或短语都有“参加”的意思，但用法不同。 1)join有两个用法： (1)指加入某个党派，团体组织等，成为其成员之一，意为：“参军、入团、入党”等。如： When did your brother join the army? 你哥哥什么时候参军的？ She joined the&

28、#160;Young Pioneers. 她加入了少先队。 (2)和某人一道做某事，其结构为：join sb. in (doing) sth.，根据上下文，in (doing) sth. 也可以省去。如： Will you join us in the discussion? 你参加我们的讨论吗？ He'll join us in singing the song.&#

29、160;他将和我们一道唱歌。 We're going to the East Lake Park on Sunday. Will you join us?  我们打算星期天去东湖公园。你跟我们一道去好吗？ 2)join in多指参加小规模的活动如“球赛、游戏”等，常用于日常口语。如： Come along, and join in the ball game. 快，来参

30、加球赛。 Why didn't you join in the talk last night? 昨晚你为什么没参加座谈？ 3)take part in 指参加会议或群众性活动等，着重说明句子主语参加该项活动并在活动中发挥作用。如： We'll take part in social practice during the summer vacation.  暑

31、假期间我们将参加社会实践。 We often take part in physical labour. 我们经常参加体力劳动。 【注意】take part in是惯用词组，part前一般不用冠词，但part前有形容词修饰时，要用不定冠词。如： Lincoln took an active part in polities and was strongly against slavery.

32、0; 林肯积极参加政治活动，强烈反对奴隶制。 4)attend是正式用语，及物动词，出席，参加，定期去（某处）；指参加会议，婚礼，葬礼，典礼；去上课，上学，听报告等。句子的主语只是去听，去看，自己不一定起积极作用。如： He'll attend an important meeting tomorrow. 他明天要参加一个重要的会议。 I attended his lecture. 我听了他的讲课。 enter 加入，开始从事；开始参加。"enter for"是&qu

33、ot;报名参加"的意思 例如:报名参加数学竞赛(enter for the maths contest)attend on和attand to的区别1。 attend to 是 照顾 （某人）、处理（某事）Can you look after this patient for me. I have to attend to this wounded patient. 你可以替我照顾 (看着)这个病人吗 ？ 我要照顾 (看着)这位受伤的病人、 2。 attend on 伴随、侍候、照料 My friend comes from America. I like to take few d

34、ays' leave from work to attend on him. 我的朋友从美国来了， 我可以请假几天去伴随他吗 ？He didn't _ the wedding.  A. take part in      B.  attend  C. join          D. join 

35、;in17. exposeexpose vt.1. 使暴露于;使接触到(+to)They consider it almost a crime to expose children to violence and sex on TV.他们认为让儿童接触暴力和色情电视节目几乎是一种犯罪行为。2. 揭露,揭发(+to)Their scheme was exposed. 他们的阴谋被暴露了。3. 使(胶片,胶卷)曝光Don't expose the film to light. 不要把胶片曝光。4. 使看得见"Please make your teeth expose in the

36、 sun"牙齿天天晒太阳. （表达了对方对你的良好祝愿）Cleaning exposed the grain of wood.清洁使木纹显现可见。5. expose指"陈列商品等", 如: expose goods in a shopwindow 陈列货物于商店橱窗内。expose（常与to连用）暴露 expose.to 使.受到, 使.朝向.; 使.接触. 如to expose one's skin to the sun 把皮肤暴露在阳光下 expose students to good art and music 使学生接触美好的艺术和音乐 expos

37、e soldiers to unnecessary risks 使士兵冒不必要的危险 He exposed the plan to the newspapers. 他向几家报纸透露了这个计划。 exposed themselves to disease; exposed their children to classical music. 使他们受到疾病的影响；使他们的孩子们受到古典音乐的影响比较常用的是be exposed to. 暴露于； 处于.环境中 e.g. Youths are exposed to smokeless tobacco ads. The National Center

38、 for Children Exposed to Violence最常用的是 career exposure 工作体验 e.g. You can get some career exposure in the film visit.to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one s skin. A. Exposed B. Having exposed C. Being exposed D. After being exposed 答案C_ to advertising usually creates in one's mind a s

39、elf-interest and a restless attempt to become more comfortable. A. Exposed B. Being exposed oneself C. Exposing oneself D. For oneself being exposed选C 接触广告/广告业 常常会使人们产生利己主义的思想，并且不停地想过上更舒适的生活。 这句话的谓语是creats ，所以主语就是 （_ to advertising） 这个整体，expose为动词要做主语只能为动名词或者是加to的不定式，故A不行。D 语义不通。expose 的用法为expose on

40、eself to sth 或者one is exposed to sth，故B表达错误, 选C Exposing oneself to advertising 动名词做主语。18. deadlydeadly a.1. 致命的,致死的;毒性的This is a deadly poison.这是一种致命的毒药。2. 不共戴天的;殊死的BHe is my deadly enemy.他是我的死敌。3. 死一般的BThere was deadly silence in the valley.山谷里死一般的沉寂。4. 【口】非常的,极度的Bdeadly dullness极度的沉闷5. 【口】非常无聊的,令

41、人厌烦的Our maths classes are pretty deadly.我们的数学课非常枯燥。ad.1. 死一般地His face was deadly pale.他的脸死一般地苍白。2. 非常,极度地The air was deadly cold.空气极度寒冷。dead/death /deathly /deadly用法区别辨析：dead 无比较等级,它表示状态,如:死的,无生命的,无感觉的,无声的,等等. death n.死, 死亡, 致死的原因, 毁灭, 屠杀deathly adj.死一般的 adv.象死一样地而deadly则有比较等级:deadlier, deadliest或mo

42、re deadly, most deadly. 表示程度,如:击中要害的,不共戴天的,非常的,极度的,等等.练习：用上面的词语填空1.There are some ( dead )leaves on the ground. 地上有些枯叶。 2.The terrorist's attack caused more than three hundred ( death ). 恐怖分子的袭击造成了3百人的伤亡。 3.The roar of the explosion was followed by a ( deathly ) silence. 在死一般的寂静之后是一阵爆炸。 4.In the

43、 First World War pneumonia肺炎 was as ( deadly )as bullets and shells炮弹. 在一战时期，肺炎就如同致命的子弹和炮弹一样。Supporters of gun control have worked for many years to ban the sale of _ handguns in America. 选项: a、deadly b、 fatal c、 mortal d、lethal近义词辨析：deadly / fatal / lethaldeadly指能致命或实际已致命的事物 fatal在一定的条件下能使人丧命。 leth

44、al指由于某物本身具有致命的性能。19. curen. 治疗, 治愈, 治疗法 vt. 治疗, 治愈, 改正, 腌制, 加工处理, 使硫化 vi. 受治疗, 被加工处理, 被硫化 cure a disease 和treat disease的区别cure a disease的cure是治愈的意思，cure是动词。所以这里指“治愈疾病”，表示结果。treat是治疗的意思，表示治疗的过程，不强调结果。 treat跟disease搭配，比如treat your disease，治疗你的疾病。还可以与其他具体的疾病搭配，比如treat cancer。近义词辨析：treat / cure / heal的区

45、别treat 治疗，含义最广，包括对伤口、病人进行诊断，制定治疗方案、开药方等。 eg. Cancer is difficult to treat. cure 治愈；治疗，多指病后恢复健康 eg. The medicine cured her toothache. heal （伤口或断骨）愈合；复原，多指创伤，外伤，也可指矛盾，分歧 eg. The wound heals rapidly. 还有一个意思相近的词 remedy 医治；补救，指消除身心上的不正常、不理想的状况 eg. Aspirin may remedy a headache.If i take the medicine twic

46、e a day, it should _ my cold A. heal B. cure C. treat20. outbreakoutbreak n.C1. 爆发(+of)the outbreak of the Second World War第二次世界大战的爆发2. 暴动a slave outbreak奴隶暴动outbreak, / break有什么区别？outbreak是名词(n.) 指的是战争的爆发与疾病的发作之类的 例句:1. There has been an outbreak of typhoid. 那儿正爆发伤寒。 2. The outbreak of riot caused

47、many people to die. 暴乱的发生使很多人丧生。而break呢 作为名词时是说休息,暂停,破裂,突变等等 作为动词时是说打破,违反,折断,削弱,超过,突变词形变化: 动词过去式:broke 过去分词:broken 现在分词:breaking 第三人称单数:breaks 例句:1. There is a break during the performance for the audience to take a rest. 演出中有一次中场休息，让听众们稍事休息。 2. The cold weather at last broke at the end of March. 寒冷

48、的天气终于在三月末结束了。 3. The window broke into pieces. 窗户碎成碎片。 4. The dog bit me but didn't break the skin. 那狗咬了我一口，但是没有把皮咬破。21. controlcontrol vt.1. 控制;支配;管理She is skillful enough to control the machine now.现在她已有了足够的技术可以操纵这台机器了。The British government at that time controlled the island.当时英国政府控制该岛。2. 克制;

49、抑制You must learn to control your temper.你必须学会克制着不发脾气。n.1. 支配;控制;调节;抑制U(+of/over)They have no control over him.他们控制不了他。2. 控制手段(或措施);统制P1(+on/over)in the control of与in control of 的区别in the control of：在的控制、掌握下(含“被”动含义)in control of ： adv. 控制, 管理, 掌握(含“主动”含义)He is in control of the company. I mean, the

50、company is in the control of him.Who's in control of the project? 谁是这个项目的负责人？the leaders in control of the country. 管理国家的领导人们under control adv. 被控制住 not being under control; out of control. 不在控制之下；不受控制。Lost control失去控制Lost control of the skidding car打滑的汽车失去控制例句Everything is under control. 一切都处于控

51、制之下。22. absorbabsorb vt.1. 吸收(液体,气体,光,声等)Cotton gloves absorb sweat.棉手套吸汗。2. 汲取,理解(知识等)So many good ideas! It's too much for me to absorb all at once.这么多好主意!太多了,很难一下完全吸收。3. 使全神贯注;吸引(注意等)(+in/by)The old man was utterly absorbed in the book.老人全神贯注地读这本书。4. 合并(公司等);吞并Small businesses are absorbed by

52、 big ones.小公司被大公司吞并了。5. 承受;经受She won't be able to absorb another heavy blow.她无力承受再一次沉重的打击。6. 承担(费用等)absorb和accept有什么区别？absorb. vt. 吸收, 使全神贯注, 同化, 买进, 理解, 承受, 忍受, 承担 accept. vt. 接受, 承认, 同意, 相信, 赞成, 承担, 承兑, 采纳, 接纳, 容忍These two studentsin chatting in the classroom without noticing their teacher com

53、ing in. A absorbed B were absorbed C were absorbing D had absorbed。be absorbed in sth / doing sth.意思是专心于. 1,他全神贯注的看动作片，把为家人做饭的事忘的一干二净（absorb)He was so absorbed in the movie that he had completely forgotten to make dinner for the family.经常一同考到的还有be attracted to be drawn to be concentrated on 都有被吸引,集中

54、精力在.上面 的意思.23. severesevere a.1. 严重的;剧烈的;凛冽的He has been under a severe strain.他一直处在极度紧张状态之中。2. 严厉的;苛刻的My uncle became severe when I was late.当我迟到时,我的叔父变得严厉起来。3. 严格的;严密的I was impressed by his severe reasoning.他严谨的推理给我留下了深刻的印象。4. 严峻的;艰难的;激烈的We are suffering from a severe shortage of fuel.我们苦于严重缺乏燃料。5.

55、 严肃的,正经的He spoke in a severe voice.他严肃地说。6. 纯洁的;朴素的She wore a severe black dress.她穿一件朴素的黑衣裙。rigid, serious和severe的区别？rigid 严格的(强调坚决,固执) serious 严肃的,认真的,严谨的 severe 严厉的(语气最重,要求最严)你可以说 I am serious.我是认真的（不要胡闹），指一种态度。 但不能说I am severe.Having been found guilty, the man was given a severe _ by the judge. A

56、、service B、 sentence C、 crime D、crisisservice 's:vis n. 服务, 贡献, 雇佣, 公职, 服役, 功劳, 仪式, 送达, 行政部门 vt. 保养, 维修sentence 'sentns n. 句子, 命题, 宣判 vt. 宣判, 判决crime kraim n. 犯罪, 罪行, 罪恶crisis 'kraisis n. 危机, 危险期, 紧要关头24. valuablevaluable a.1. 值钱的,贵重的He bought me a valuable diamond ring as a birthday pre

57、sent.他给我买了一只贵重的钻戒作生日礼物。2. 有用的,有价值的toThis experience is valuable to me.这一经历对我很有用。25. clueclue n.C1. (解决疑案、问题等的)线索,迹象,提示(+to)"Do you know the time of the next train?" "I don't have a clue.""您知道下一班火车的时间吗?" "我一无所知。"The police have no clue to his identity.警察没有可以确定他的身份的任何线索。26. pumppump1KK: DJ: n.C1. 泵,唧筒We have a pump for draw