2008高考英语二轮专题复习_完形填空解题技巧大全_课件

1、 完形填空是一种测试学生语言水平和实际运完形填空是一种测试学生语言水平和实际运用语言能力的综合性题型，用语言能力的综合性题型， 它要求学生掌握词它要求学生掌握词汇知识，习惯用语，汇知识，习惯用语， 语法知识，句法结构，语法知识，句法结构， 而而且要有一定的语篇领悟能力，逻辑思维能力和语且要有一定的语篇领悟能力，逻辑思维能力和语言感悟能力，言感悟能力，是是综合了现行的单选和阅读的考查。综合了现行的单选和阅读的考查。近年来试题所设计的知识面不断拓宽，缺少故事近年来试题所设计的知识面不断拓宽，缺少故事情节的文章增多，特别强调对语篇及上下文的理情节的文章增多，特别强调对语篇及上下文的理解和应用，而且完

2、形填空题在整个高考试卷中的解和应用，而且完形填空题在整个高考试卷中的分值比重比以往更高，因此，分值比重比以往更高，因此，可以说可以说该题型难度该题型难度大、区分度高，是大、区分度高，是“容易拉开距离容易拉开距离”的题型。的题型。情景运用情景运用, ,常识应用常识应用词语辨析词语辨析 （先易后难）（先易后难）上下文联系上下文联系逻辑推理逻辑推理, ,归纳概括归纳概括语篇理解语篇理解 collegeschoolprimary schoolmiddle schooluniversityinstituteteachersprofessors(tutors)studentspupilsgraduates

3、postgraduatesdegreesBachelorsMastersDoctorscourseslecturesexaminationsquiztestpaperssubjectscheathomeworkmarkresultsscholarshipsmokingsmokers/non-smokersparentschildrenadultsplaces to smokepublic placesprivate places at homedisadvantages (harms)waste of moneyfires- lossdiseases-healthlaws to forbid

4、smoking ban restrictfirefire alarmfiremen/firefightersdistinguisherstovesmokestart a fireset fire toseton firemake a firebe on firefight againstput outburn to the groundsound (v.)the fire alarm Law should not restrict (限制) where people can smoke. As far as I am concerned, any arguments that say smok

5、ing affects the health of nonsmokers are based on emotions (感情) ， not science. As a matter of fact, there is no conclusive evidence to prove that the health of wives and children of smokers is harmed by their husbands or fathers smoking. Banning smoking in public places, like restaurants and offices

6、, only cause loss of income and lower productivity. It also, I believe, unfairly restricts peoples freedom of choice. Naturally, this is an issue that arouses a lot of anger on the part of a lot of people, but clearly, anger should not dictate laws. The decision of where and when to smoke, should, i

7、n my opinion, be left to common courtesy(礼貌） and sense（理智）. eg. I put my head in, expecting the (worst). But to my (surprise), the room wasnt empty at all. It had furniture, curtains, a TV, and even paintings on the wall. And then on the well-made bed sat Amy, my new _44_, dressed neatly. A. roommat

8、e B. classmate C. neighbour D. companioneg. And thousands of _58_ watchers stared with their hearts beating fast.58. A. patient B. terrified C. pleased D. enjoyableeg. We were _42_ to go back for class again when the headmaster called us ( together) and said, 42. A. about B. able C. sorry D. surewer

9、e about towheneg. One day, Mrs. Nanette ONeill gave an arithmetic _26_ to our class. When the papers were _27_ she discovered that twelve boys had made exactly the (same) mistakes throughout the test.26. A. test B. problem C. paper D. lesson27. A. examined B. completed C. marked D. answeredeg. (NMET

10、 2001) 首句：He has been called the “missing link”: half-man, half beast. He is supposed to live in the highest mountain in the world Mount Everest. 文章的开篇段描述了 “missing link” 的外貌和生活地，读懂第一句我们就可确定说明的对象是半人半兽的动物，有助于预测全文的基本框架和内容。eg. I was six when I joined my father and two elder brothers at sunrise in the f

11、ields of Eufaula, Okla. 36 the time I was eight I was helping Dad fix up old furniture. He gave me a cent for every nail I 37 out of old board. 36. A. Before B. Within C. From D. By 37. A. pulled B. put C. picked D. pressed eg. At the beginning of this century, medical scientists made an interesting

12、 discovery: we are built not just of flesh and blood but also of time. They were _to show that we all have a “body clock”. (NMET2000) A. anxious B. able C. change D. moveeg. Should the small change received at the store be forgotten or returned? Nobody will know except _. But you have to live with y

13、ourself, and it is always better to live with someone you respect. A. me B. you C. us D. them 此题根据下文的主语you判断，只能选B。 eg. a theater with poor sight lines, poor sound-shaping qualities, and too few entries and exits will not work for _ purpose. A. their B. its C. those D. that 本句从反面说明剧院设计应符合空间的作用，四个选项中只

14、有its指代单数名词theater。eg. (NMET 2001) 首句：He has been called the “missing link”: half-man, half beast. He is supposed to live in the highest mountain in the world Mount Everest. eg. 1 my way home yesterday, I saw a dog in front 2 me. 1. A. In B. Of C. On D. To 2. A. of B. to C. from D. before eg. Everyda

15、y after school I would 41 to JMs and work until ten. (NMET 2003 北京） 41. A. head B. turn C. change D. movehead for/ to 是一个固定词组，表示前往，去。 eg. The strange thing was that practically all the students went to class, and very few people stayed up late at night. Only the new people stayed up or _ class. (NME

16、T2000春） A. attended B. took C. missed D. studied 文章中or连接的是并列成分，所以空格中的内容应与上文went to class 构成相反的意义，该题属于反义词复现现象。2003 春， 全国卷）eg. How does a tooth go bad? The 51 begins in a little crack in the enamel(珐琅）covering of the tooth. This happens after germs and bits of food have 52 there. Then the decay slowly

17、 spreads inside the tooth. In the end, poison goes into blood, and we may feel quite ill. (2002, 上海春季招生）51. A. destruction B. decay C. fault D. hurt52. A. stored B. collected C. laid D. piled 上文中讲蛀牙如何产生。 空51和红体单词在意义上是一致的， 属于同义词复现现象。 eg. On the whole, I think I am a better person for having gone to t

18、he school. I can read and write as well as anyone else my age, and I can think better. Thats probably a real big difference between the free school and regular school-the amount of _. (NMET2000, 春） A. reading B. gardening C. teaching D. thinking 该段落强调作者比同领人更会思考，且这一点是Free School 和正规学校的最大区别。结尾处是对上文的总结

19、，属于话题同现的情况。Eg. Todd was working at his gas station at night when he heard over the radio that a bank in Long Island had been broken into by an armed man who had killed the night guard and got away with $150,000. “One hundred and fifty thousand,” Todd whistled. Heres a fellow who just walks into a ba

20、nk and helps himself to so much money. Todd thought of the _ with which he managed to get the amount of money he needed to start his gas station. So many papers to sign, so much money to pay back. A. satisfaction B. difficulty C. disappointment D. spirit 填此空时，应该充分利用上下文，对照上文的语气：武装分子抢钱如此轻巧！而自己赚钱却是如此麻烦

21、，其中manage to 也有一定提示作用。eg. I played a racquetball game against my cousin Ed last week. It was one of the most 36 and tiring games Ive ever had. （NMET 2003） 36. A. encouraging B. hopeless C. surprising D. regular 此处从语法的角度4个选项都对，但联系后文才能发现唯有C为最佳答案。eg. It was an early morning in summer. In the street, sl

22、eepily-eyed people were moving quickly, heading towards their _ . A. jobs B. homes C. buses D. offices 5.6 5.6 完形填空题的解题过程首先是一个阅读完形填空题的解题过程首先是一个阅读的过程。做题时必须把握作者的思路，使自的过程。做题时必须把握作者的思路，使自己的思维模式与作者的思维模式相吻合。在己的思维模式与作者的思维模式相吻合。在整个解题的过程中不断地从各个角度进行合整个解题的过程中不断地从各个角度进行合乎逻辑的推理，进而验证推理的正确性，修乎逻辑的推理，进而验证推理的正确性，修正非正

23、确性，以达到理解全文、解决问题的正非正确性，以达到理解全文、解决问题的目的。正确分析推理是恰当解题的必要条件，目的。正确分析推理是恰当解题的必要条件，而恰当解题又是对题目进行正确分析推理的而恰当解题又是对题目进行正确分析推理的必然结果。因此运用句与句之间的逻辑关系必然结果。因此运用句与句之间的逻辑关系解题包括运用修饰，因果，结构再现，连词解题包括运用修饰，因果，结构再现，连词等技巧解题。即在上下文中寻找有关的提示等技巧解题。即在上下文中寻找有关的提示或暗示，对文章的情节进行逻辑分析，抓住或暗示，对文章的情节进行逻辑分析，抓住关键语言信息的词语，确定合理的答案至关关键语言信息的词语，确定合理的答

24、案至关重要。重要。 eg. No man can change the weather. Nobody can control the weather. But if we 1 correctly the signs around us we can 2 what the more changes in the weather will be. This way of telling what the weather will be like the following day or two is called weather forecasting.1. A. see B. look C.

25、read D. watch2. A. tell B. speak C. talk D. point 上面是一段文章的开头， 开篇第三句就用了but, 由此可以推断后面的内容和人类可以认识，掌握天气现象有关，这样就不难选出空缺的词了。 下面的例子则是考查学生先判断转折关系再填过渡词了。eg. I had an auto repairman once, who, on these intelligence tests, could not 38 have scored more than 80. 39 , when anything went wrong with my car, I hurrie

26、d to him and he always 40 it. (NMET 2002)38. A. always B. possibly C. certainly D. frequently39. A. Then B. Thus C. Therefore D. Yet40. A. fixed B. checked C. drove D. changedeg. The native people said they 38 (knew of ) this creature and called it the “Yeti”, and they said that they had 39 caught Y

27、etis on two occasions 40 none has ever been produced. (NMET 2001)39. A. even B. hardly C. certainly D. probably40. A. as B. though C. when D. until 39空前的两个分句存在着递进的关系， 而该句又和后面的分句存在转折关系，据此可以判断答案。5.7 5.7 完形填空题以自身的内容提供完整的完形填空题以自身的内容提供完整的语篇信息，其间无不渗透着各类相关的常识语篇信息，其间无不渗透着各类相关的常识与知识。背景知识指的是我们平时所积累的与知识。背景知识指的

28、是我们平时所积累的常识，生活经验，英语国家的风俗习惯，文常识，生活经验，英语国家的风俗习惯，文化背景，历史事件，地理位置等。考生做题化背景，历史事件，地理位置等。考生做题时，若能积极地调动自己的文化背景知识和时，若能积极地调动自己的文化背景知识和生活常识，注意中西方文化方面存在的差异，生活常识，注意中西方文化方面存在的差异，将会大大简化复杂的分析与判断过程，节省将会大大简化复杂的分析与判断过程，节省宝贵的时间，顺理成章地选出正确的答案。宝贵的时间，顺理成章地选出正确的答案。因此，这就要求考生平时注意知识的积累，因此，这就要求考生平时注意知识的积累，并加强不同学科间的知识融合，有意识地了并加强不

29、同学科间的知识融合，有意识地了解一些英语国家的文化背景知识，这对英语解一些英语国家的文化背景知识，这对英语学习和应试将大有帮助。学习和应试将大有帮助。 eg. People of Burlington are being disturbed by the sound of bells. Four students from Burlington College of Higher Education are in the bell tower of the 26 and have make up their minds to ring the bells non stop for two we

30、eks as a protest. (NMET1999)26. A. college B. village C. town D. church 在英语国家钟楼通常设在教堂里或与教堂连在一起，因此不难判断此题选C。eg. One thing we all do now and again is to lose our 54 with a friend and close relatives. The odd thing is that we more often display great 55 towards some one we are fond than towards 56 . (NM

31、ET 2002 上海卷）54. A. mind B. memory C. manner D. temper55. A. anger B. interest C. love D. respect56. A. strangers B. friends C. relatives D. colleagues 在日常生活中人们通常会对亲戚朋友或者自己发脾气，但却不在陌生人身上。 加上morethan的句型，则可以判断出答案了。对比结构对比结构eg. As they walked Mark 38 the boys name was Bill, that he 39 computer games, base

32、ball and history, that he was having a lot of 40 with his other subjects and that he had just broken 41 with his girlfriend.38. A. discovered B. realized C. said D. decided39. A. played B. loved C. tried D. made40. A. questions B. ideas C. trouble D. doubt41. A. up B. out C. off D. awayeg. Many peop

33、le now think that teachers give pupils too much homework. They say that it is 51 for children to work at home in their free time. 52, they argue that most teachers do not 53 plan the homework tasks they give to pupils. (2003春，上海）51. A. unnecessary B. uninteresting C. unfortunate D. unimportant 52. A

34、. Nevertheless B. However C. Therefore D. Moreover53. A. considerably B. favourably C. properly D. pleasantlyeg. When he was speaking to people 37 he had no 38 understanding what they said. 39 , when he was speaking on the phone, he 40 had a problem. (NEMT,春2003)37. A. slowly B. in public C. in pers

35、on D. carefully38. A. difficulty B. idea C. mistake D. interest39. A. Instead B. Therefore C. Meanwhile D. interest40. A. Even B. curiosity C. notice D. attention 完形填空题中对词汇知识的考查主要体现在习惯用法和同义词、近义词的辨析两个方面。习惯用法是英语中某些固定的结构形态，不能随意变动。而在众多的习语当中，介词往往扮演最活跃的角色，其次是副词。所以，考生应掌握习惯用法，用它来分析破解完形填空题或许可算得上是一件秘密武器。词义辨析题

36、的比重有加大的趋势。要做好这类题目，非得有较大的词汇量、较强的词语搭配能力。eg. At this moment, the air hostess 73 . She looked pale, but was quite (calm). A. showed B. presented C. exposedD. appeared 本题考查动词近义词辨析, 四个选项都有“出现，显露”的意思， 但是a, b, c都是及物动词，此处不应用及物动词，所以应当选不及物动词appear ，表示“出现”。从此题我们还会发现，单纯地记忆单词词义还远远不够。还应当掌握词性、词的搭配、用法等。eg. Human bra

37、ins are the 68 .68. A. same B. identical C. similar D. alike 本题考形容词辨析，但是考生不必逐一分析每个词之间的差异，最好从搭配入手解题。四个单词中只有same与定冠词连用，故选a。eg. It was the night before the composition was due. As I looked at the list of topics (题目) , “The Art of Eating Spaghetti (意大利面条) ” caught my eye. The word “spaghetti” brought ba

38、ck the _36 of an evening at Uncle Alien s in Belleville 37 all of us were seated around the table and Aunt Pat 38 spaghetti for supper. (NEMT 2004)36. A.Memory B. thought C. knowledge D. experience37. A. when B. where C. since D. after38. A. cooked B. served C. got D. made eg. The news 1 twenty minu

39、tes later. The gunman had 2 a car for a ride, and than 3 out and the driver1. A. continued B. lasted C. spread D. arrived 本题考查的是相近词的辨析，continue 和last 均能表示延续状态，但只有前者才能表示中断后继续的意思。eg. Someone had taken the _ diamond and put a faulty one in its place. A. real B. pure C. right D. exact 本题中a faulty one 是一

40、个暗示要填一个反义词，相比之下只有A最贴切。 做完形填空时，除了依据所学语言知识和解题技巧外，还应避免几个误区。 1、单纯求快，忽略语篇理解，只看局部的词义辨析、搭配和语法结构，试图用语言知识解决所有问题。很多考生一拿到完形填空题就急于选择答案，不认真分析通篇文章。表面上解题速度挺快，但是这种见树不见林的做法只会影响解题的质量的效率。2、时间安排不当，在几个选项上过分纠缠，追求完美，导致许多本可以做出的题来不及做。正确的做法是由易到难，先做会 文章首句要重视，全篇理解有启示。文章首句要重视，全篇理解有启示。记叙体裁为主体，通读全文明意旨。记叙体裁为主体，通读全文明意旨。填空多是实意词，四个选项

41、巧设计，填空多是实意词，四个选项巧设计，词类范畴必同一。确定最佳靠逻辑，词类范畴必同一。确定最佳靠逻辑，字里行间找信息。个别填空借常识，字里行间找信息。个别填空借常识，相近词义细辨析，习惯用法靠记忆，相近词义细辨析，习惯用法靠记忆，复读反思再核实。复读反思再核实。 There were two lazy men who _1_ did any work at all. They_2_ spend the whole day sitting in the sun and sleeping _3_ talking about what they would do when they were _4

42、_ . Many years went _5_in this way and the two men _6_ poor. One summers day as they were sitting _7_ on a bench in the sunshine, one of the men jumped _8_ his feet without warning and exclaimed, “We cant go on _9_ this. Weve got to do something to _10_ some money.”“_11_ for instance?” asked his friend in a _12_ voice. “Well go to the mountains and _13_ snails,” said th