高中英语必修单词和短语讲解

1、 高中英语重点单词和短语讲解 第三册第1单元1. take placetake place发生，是不及物动词词组，规定不能用被动语态. 跟它类似的还有:一般表示发生的词或词组,例如:happen, bring about等等 eg: What happened? 怎么了?发生什么事了? A great change has taken place in China in recent years. 近年来，中国发生了翻天覆地的变化.注意 主语！ take place 的主语不能是人.happen, take place ,come about, occur的区别这些词或短语都有“发生”的意思，

2、但用法各不相同，区别如下： (1). take place 表示“发生、举行、举办”，一般指非偶然性事件的“发生”，即这种事件的发生一定有某种原因或事先的安排，例如： Great changes have taken place in our hometown during the past ten years. The Olympic Games of 2008 will take place in Beijing. (2) .happen作“发生、碰巧”解，一般用于偶然或突发性事件，例如： What happened to you? (一般不说：What did you happen?)

3、Maybe something unexpected happened. I happened to see him on my way home. = It happened that I saw him on my way home. (3). occur作“发生、想到、突然想起”解，其意义相当于happen，例如： What has occurred? (=What has happened?)A big earthquake occurred (=happened) in the south of China last month. It occurred to me that she

4、 didnt know I had moved into the new house. (4). come about表示“发生、产生”，多指事情已经发生了，但还不知道为什么，常用于疑问句和否定句，例如： When Mother woke up, she didnt know what had come about. Ill never understand how it came about that you were late three times a week. Do you know how the air accident came about? (5). break out意思为

5、“发生、爆发”，常指战争、灾难、疾病或者争吵等事件的发生，也可以表示突然大声叫喊等，例如： Two world wars broke out last century. A fire broke out in the hospital in the mid-night. After the flood, diseases broke out here and there. She broke out, “That is too unfair!”高中阶段take构成的部分短语take a leave请假 take a seat / be seated 坐下 take one's plac

6、e 取代 take one's time慢慢来 take sth. seriously 认真对待 take up占据 2. starvestarve的用法及相关词组 vi. 饥饿; 饿死; 渴望 ； starve to death 饿死 starve for news 渴望消息 What's for dinner? I'm starving! 晚饭吃什么? 我饿死了! vt. 使饥饿 ； 使渴望； 使极度缺乏； starve a dog to death 使狗饿死 They tried to starve the army into surrender. 他们试图使守军

7、因饥饿而投降。 starve for (=be starved of) 渴望; 极需; 缺乏 starve sb. into 用饥饿迫使. starve out 用饥饿迫使投降; 使断粮而屈服3. plenty plenty of，“大量的，充裕的”，用来修饰可数名词和不可数名词，用法同a lot of / lots of。例： There are plenty of eggs in the market. 市场上有很多鸡蛋。 I need plenty of time to finish the work. 我需要很多时间来完成这项工作。4. satisfysatisfy 用法： （1）使义

8、动词：满意 I'm satisfied with your answers.(形容词化)对你的回答很满意 My answers satisfied you 我的回答让你满意。 My answers are satisfying.我的回答令人满意。 （2）使某人相信:convince He wanted to satisfy himself that he had given his best performance. （3）达到要求或者标准: meet The Executive Committee recommends that the procedures should satis

9、fy certain basic requirements. 执行委员会认为程序应该符合基本的条件才行。5. lead vt. 1. 引导;领(路)She led me into the drawing-room. 她带我进入客厅。2. 诱使;致使What led him to resign his office? 什么事导致他辞职的? 3. 领导;指挥;率领They will let the young man lead the fight. 他们将让这位年轻人领导这一仗。 4. 过(活);使过(某种生活) We lead a very quiet life. 我们过着非常安静的生活。 vi

10、. 1. 领路You lead and we'll follow. 你领路,我们跟着。 2. 通向,导致That door leads into the garden. 那扇门通向花园。 lead to: 导致； 通向例句与用法: 1. Too much work and too little rest often lead to illness. 过量的工作和过少的休息会引起疾病。 2. All roads lead to Rome. 条条大道通罗马。n.C 1. 指导,榜样 All the children followed his lead. 所有的孩子都学习他的榜样。2. 领先

11、地位Our team was in the lead at half time. 我们队在前半场领先。 3. (新闻报导的)导语 4. 铅U 6. originorigin n.起源; 起因; 原因; 出身; 血统; 【数】原起点 【解】起端 (地震的)震源 坐标原点 (力的)作用点 the origins of civilization 文明的起源 be of noble humble origin 出身高贵微贱 He is a German by origin. 他原籍德国。7. in memory of / in honor ofin memory of 是纪念某人/某事的意思经常电影里

12、最后会有 in memory of our great police ,Tom 意思就是谨以此片献给我们伟大的警察 TomHe founded the charity in memory of his late wife. 他兴办那个慈善机构以纪念他已故的妻子。 in honor of 和 in memory of 区别的一题目A service was held _B_ those who had died from AIDS. A. in favour of B. in memory of C. in honor of D. in search of 答案是B,in memory of 纪

13、念, 追念 in honor of 为纪念, 为庆祝； 向表示敬仰从上面不难看出，in memory of表“纪念”含“追念”之意，而in honor of 表示“纪念”含“庆祝”之意。而句子表达的意思是“纪念那些死于爱滋病的人们”，用in honor of(为庆祝)显然不合适。8. dress updress up v. 盛装, 打扮, 装饰, 伪装 dress out 打扮wear、put on be in dress的区别wear和dress表状态,wear接衣服等,可用进行时，dress接人, dress 后不可以接衣服，（固定短语：dress oneself) be dressed

14、in+颜色, put on表动作 It's cold outside. Put on your warm clothes. put on （穿，戴）特别指穿衣服、穿鞋、戴帽、戴眼镜也用这个短语，但put on是一时的动作。可是wear表示穿着的状态，穿，戴 特别指穿衣服、穿鞋、戴帽、戴眼镜也用；be in +颜色，表示穿着什么颜色的衣服。dress oneself up as 把自己打扮成什么样子【例：】 (1) Mary put on her hat and left the room. 玛丽戴上她的帽子就离开这屋子。 (2) Why is John putting on his h

15、at and coat? 约翰为什么穿衣戴帽呢？9. trickn.C1. 诡计;骗局;谋略;花招He got into the castle by a trick.他耍了个花招混进了城堡。2. 恶作剧 3. 轻率愚蠢的行为That was a rotten trick!那样做太轻率了!4. 习惯,癖好(+of)He has a trick of repeating himself.他有重复自己话的习惯。5. 窍门,招数,手法Daily practice is the trick in learning a foreign language.每天练习是学会一门外语的诀窍。常见短语：play a

16、 trick诈骗；开玩笑 play a trick on sb 戏弄某人10. gain获得，取得acquire, attain, obtain, gain, earn, achieve,的区别：这一组动词都有"获得，取得"的意思，在考试当中屡次出现它们之间的辨析。 acquire v.多指经过努力逐步获得才能、知识、习惯等，也可用于对财物等的获得，该词强调"一经获得就会长期持有"的含义。It is through learning that the individual acquires many habitual ways of reacting t

17、o situations.正是通过学习，个人才得以获得应付各种情况的习惯做法。 attain v.指经过不懈的努力获得未曾预料到的结果；也可指达到某一目标。The salesperson attained his sales goal for the month.这名销售员完成了当月的销售目标。obtain v.获得，买到，用于正式语体中。He obtained the property with a bank loan.他通过向银行贷款买下了那份房产。gain v.指通过较大努力获得某种利益或好处；亦可指军事上的武力夺取等。An investor gains by buying stocks

18、 that go up in value.投资者通过所买股票价格上涨而得利润。earn v.挣得，赢得，指因工作等而得到报酬或待遇。How much do you earn a week?你一星期挣多少钱？achieve v.得到，获得，多指成就、目标、幸福的取得。 The movie star achieved success and wealth.这个影星取得了成功和财富。11. agriculture adj 农业的，农艺的the Agricultural Bank of China中国农业银行Agri+Cultural 播种 文化 就是农业Science and technology

19、have contributed in important ways to the improvement of agricultural production. 科学技术为农业生产做出了重要的贡献12. award是“授予，给予”，是动词 award 用双宾语：award sb sth 或 award sth to sb. 做名词“奖品,资金”award与reward的用法区别从词义上说，award 是“授予，给予”，reward 是“回报”。 从用法上说，award 用双宾语：award sb sth 或 award sth to sb. reward 用 reward sb with s

20、th.reward一般表示报酬，当自己付出过后的获得，比如帮别人忙所获得的报酬。 award一般表示奖励，并不一定是因为对别人付出了什么，比如被授予奖学金。13. admire/.respectadmire是钦佩,欣赏的意思.respect是尊敬的意思. Those firefighters performed very bravely in the battle to put out the big fire. I really _C_ them for their bravery. A. appreciate B. value C. admire D. respect 选C14. look

21、 forward to forward adv.向前地, 向将来 look forward to 这里to是介词，所以后面需要接名词或者动词的ing形式： 1. We look forward to the return of spring. 我们期待着春天的到来。 2. I/We will be at the10 Baker Street at six sharp, and look forward to seeing you. 我（们）将于晚六点准时到达贝克大街10号，到时再会。 3. I look forward to being alone in the house. 我盼望著能自己一

22、人在这所房子 .15. lunarlunar adj月的, 月亮的 中国新年要叫Chinese Lunar New Year由于中国的新年是按照农历（阴历）计算，而农历是根据月亮的运行制定的，所以称为Chinese Lunar New Year16. parade n.v1. ,游行CU A parade was held on New Year's Day. 元旦那天举行了游行。 2. 阅兵(典礼);阅兵场CU The general inspected the parade. 将军检阅了阅兵式。vi. 1. 游行,列队行进Q The soldiers paraded by. 士兵们

23、列队走过。17. religious adj. 1. 宗教的,宗教上的 2. 笃信宗教的,虔诚的 Our parents were very religious and very patriotic. 我们的父母非常虔诚,非常爱国。18. blossomblossom n. 花,花开的状态 v. 开花 在中国古诗中,把美人的脸蛋比做花(blossom).例句 The apple trees are blossoming. 苹果树正在开花。 2. There are many pear trees covered in blossom. 那里有许多开满花的梨树。 3. Her daughter

24、is blossoming into a beautiful girl. 她的女儿出落成一个漂亮的女孩。 blossom是专指果树成片成丛的花或灌木的花,如樱,梨,桃等的花,一般指结果的树的花.而flower指花草，小果树开的花，区别不是很大 还有一个表示花的词bloom区别大些, 指专供欣赏的花，如玫瑰，菊花等1. The roses are in full bloom. 玫瑰花盛开了。 2. The children are blooming! 孩子们正在健康成长 3. The roses are blooming! 玫瑰花正在盛开。19. as thoughas if 好像，好似 She

25、 spoke to me as if she knew me. 她和我说话的神情，好像她早就认识我似的。 (= as though) 一、as if 从句的作用 1 在look, seem 等系动词后引导表语从句。如： She looks as if she were ten years younger 她看起来好像年轻了十岁。 It seems as if our team is going to win 看来我们队要胜了。 2 引导方式状语从句。如： She loves the boy as if she were his mother 她爱这男孩，就好像她是他的母亲一样。 The chi

26、ld talked to us as if he were a grown up 那孩子跟我们谈起话来，像个成年人似的。 二、as if 还可用于省略句中 如果as if 引导的从句是“主语系动词”结构，可省略主语和系动词，这样as if 后就只剩下名词、不定式、形容词（短语）、介词短语或分词。如： He acts as if （he was） a fool 他做事像个傻子。 Tom raised his hands as if （he was going） to say something 汤姆举起手好像要说什么。 She left the room hurriedly as if （she

27、 was）angry 她匆忙离开房间好像生气的样子。 三、as if 从句的语气及时态 1 as if 从句用陈述语气的情况。 当说话者认为句子所述的是真实的或极有可能发生或存在的事实时。如： It sounds as if it is raining 听起来像是在下雨。 He talks as if he is drunk 从他谈话的样子来看他是醉了。 2 as if 从句用虚拟语气的情况。 当说话人认为句子所述的是不真实的或极少有可能发生或存在的情况时。从句虚拟语气动词时态的形式如下： （1）如果从句表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时。如： You look as if you di

28、dn t care 你看上去好像并不在乎。 He talks as if he knew where she was 他说话的样子，好像他知道她在哪里似的。（2）从句表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用“had过去分词”。如： He talks about Rome as if he had been there before 他说起罗马来好像他以前去过罗马似的。 The girl listened as if she had been turned to stone 那女孩倾听着，一动也不动，像已经变成了石头似的。 （3）从句表示与将来事实相反，谓语动词用“wouldcouldmight动词原形”

29、。如： He opened his mouth as if he would say something 他张开嘴好像要说什么。 It looks as if it might snow看来好像要下雪了。20. have fun with sbhave fun with sth/sb:和.玩的很开心.举例He had fun with his friends.(他和朋友们玩的很开心.)have a hard time with 对感到头痛21. dailyadj 每日的；日常的 adv 每日；日常地 n.日报daily life China Daily My father goes for a

30、 walk daily.22. possibility. _ is no possibility _ Bob can win the first prize in the match. A. There; that B. It; what C. There; whether D. It; whether23. There be 句型 表示存在 that引导的是同位语从句。 Possibility是名词，意思为：可能性；可能发生的事物24. turn upturn up 开大，调大；出现，来到；发生. turn down调小 turn off 关掉，断开； turn on打开 开启 turn t

31、o求助于 turn over翻转 in turn 依次 轮流 turn in 交还，交回 turn out （to be） 最后结果，结果是. turn into sth使.变成 turn back 掉转头 25. keep ones wordkeep ones word 信守诺言 break ones word(s)=break ones promise 不守承诺/信用 eat ones word 被迫收回所说的话；承认说错了26. hold ones breathhold one's nose=hold one's breath屏住呼吸 out of breath 上气不接下气27. apologise/apologizeapologize 后面还可以接to表“向道歉” （而apologize for表“因而道歉”） Peter apologized for his laughing others.apologize 是动词，用法：apologize to sb for something.如：I apologized to her for stepping on her foot.我因踩了她的脚向她道歉。28. obviousadj