高考英语一轮复习 第一部分 基础知识聚焦 专题突破解题策略1 阅读理解之主旨大意题 新人教版必修1-新人教版高三必修1英语试题

1、路漫漫其修远兮路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索吾将上下而求索走向高考走向高考 英语英语人教版人教版 高考总复习高考总复习专题突破解题策略专题突破解题策略( (一一) )必修一必修一第一部分基础知识聚焦第一部分基础知识聚焦主旨大意题在阅读理解试题中所占比例及难度都相当大。主旨大意是作者在文章中要表达的主要内容，是全文的核心，是作者在文章中努力通过各种信息来阐明的中心话题。把握主旨大意对正确理解全文具有重要意义。主旨大意题旨在考查考生对文章大意的理解和概括能力。考题中往往出现下列词语：subject，topic，theme，title，main idea等。阅读理解之主旨大意题1.采用浏览法抓住主题

2、句。主题句通常在文章开头或结尾，而段落主题句有可能在一段的开头或结尾。主题句常出现在“总结性”语言的“信号词或短语”后，如：in summary，in a word，as a result，finally，in short，in conclusion和in brief等；主题句常出现在“转移话题式”语言的“信号词”后，如：but，however，nevertheless，hence等。标题的语言特点：独特新颖、概括性强、短小精悍。典例1(2015安徽高考B)When her five daughters were young, Helene An always told them that t

3、here was strength in unity (团结). To show this, she held up one chopstick, representing one person. Then she easily broke it into two pieces. Next, she tied several chopsticks together, representing a family. She showed the girls it was hard to break the tied chopsticks. This lesson about family unit

4、y stayed with the daughters as they grew up.Helene An and her family own a large restaurant business in California.Eventually the girls all graduated from college and went away to work for themselves, but one by one, the daughters returned to work in the family business. They opened new restaurants

5、in San Francisco and Los Angeles. Even though family members sometimes disagreed with each other, they worked together to make the business successful. Daughter Elisabeth explains, “Our mother taught us that to succeed we must have unity, and to have unity we must have peace. Without the strength of

6、 the family, there is no business.”Their expanding business became a large corporation in 1996, with three generations of Ans working together. Now the Ans corporation makes more than $20 million each year. Although they began with a small restaurant, they had big dreams, and they worked together. N

7、ow they are a big success.63Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?AHow to Run a CorporationBStrength Comes from PeaceCHow to Achieve a Big DreamDFamily Unity Builds Success解析D根据第一段“Helene An always told them that there was strength in unity (团结)”和第三段“to succeed we must have un

8、ity”与“and they worked together. Now they are a big success.”可知，文章主要讲的是家庭团结对取得成功的重要性。文章没有讲怎样经营一家大型公司，也没有提到怎样实现伟大梦想。典例2(2014浙江高考A)Wealth starts with a goal and saving a dollar at a time.Call it the piggy bank strategy(策略)There are lessons in that timehonored coinsavings container.Originally you had to

9、 break the bank to get to the money，bringing in a sense of seriousness into savings.While piggy banks teach children the wisdom of saving，adults often need to relearn childhood lessons.Think about the things in life that require large amounts of moneycollege education，weddings，cars，medical care，star

10、ting a business，buying a home，and fun stuff like great trips.So when you have money，take off the top 10%，put it aside，save and invest wisely.45The last paragraph talks about _.Athe seriousness of educating childrenBthe enjoyment of taking a great tripCthe importance of managing moneyDthe difficulty

11、of starting a business解析C文章由piggy bank文化谈起，介绍它名称的由来及发展，最后告诫人们要及早明智地储备好自己的钱以备后用。由文章最后一段的叙述可知人一生中需要钱的时候很多，所以最后一句话告诫人们当有钱时要储存、明智地投资。so为总结性词汇，故可知答案选C项。2抓住段落大意，概括中心思想。寻找整篇文章的中心思想是建立在寻找段落中心的基础上的。各段落中心的整体归纳便是文章的中心思想。不能以偏概全，也不能在概括时过于宽泛，要恰如其分。典例3(2015 江苏高考C)Suppose you become a leader in an organization. Its

12、 very likely that youll want to have volunteers to help with the organizations activities. To do so, it should help to understand why people undertake volunteer work and what keeps their interest in the work.Lets begin with the question of why people volunteer. Researchers have identified several fa

13、ctors that motivate people to get involved. For example, people volunteer to express personal values related to unselfishness, to expand their range of experiences, and to strengthen social relationships. If volunteer positions do not meet these needs, people may not wish to participate. To select v

14、olunteers, you may need to understand the motivations of the people you wish to attract.People also volunteer because they are required to do so. To increase levels of community service, some schools have launched compulsory volunteer programs. Unfortunately, these programs can shift peoples wish of

15、 participation from an internal factor (e.g., “I volunteer because its important to me”) to an external factor (e.g., “I volunteer because Im required to do so”). When that happens, people become less likely to volunteer in the future. People must be sensitive to this possibility when they make volu

16、nteer activities a must.Once people begin to volunteer, what leads them to remain in their positions over time?64What is the best title of the passage?AHow to Get People to VolunteerBHow to Study Volunteer BehaviorsCHow to Keep Volunteers InterestDHow to Organize Volunteer Activities解析A本文是一篇议论文。文章分析

17、讲述志愿者为什么自发地去服务社会。文章首段提出假设：假如你是一名组织领导人，很想得到志愿者的帮助。并指出在此之前，必须弄清志愿者为什么自发地去服务社会，并通过3个实验研究志愿者的意图。因此A项(如何使人们从事志愿者服务)是文章的最佳标题。3抓住主线和关键，归纳文章大意。没有主题句的文章，可以分析每段的段落大意以及表现活跃的高频词汇来确定主题，最后进行归纳总结。典例4(2014福建高考D)Perhaps you think you could easily add to your happiness with more money. Strange as it may seem, if your

18、e unsatisfied, the issue is not a lack of means to meet your desires but a lack of desiresnot that you cannot satisfy your tastes but that you dont have enough tastes.Real riches consist of welldeveloped and hearty capacities (能力) to enjoy life. Most people are already swamped(淹没) with things. They

19、eat, wear, go and talk too much. They live in too big a house with too many rooms, yet their house of life is a hut.Your house of life ought to be a mansion (豪宅), a royal palace. Every new taste, every additional interest, every fresh enthusiasm adds a room. Here are several rooms your house of life should have.Sports, without which you remain poor, mean a lot in life. No matter who you are, you would be more human, and your house of l