Language points unit5 BOOK1必修4第5单元语法

1、人教课标人教课标高一高一 必修必修 1 Unit 5Y YAODIAN TUPO要点突破要点突破Z Z I ZHU YU XI自主预习自主预习K KAODIAN ZHIJI考点直击考点直击Y YAODIAN TUPO要点突破要点突破Z Z I ZHU YU XI自主预习自主预习K KAODIAN ZHIJI考点直击考点直击 1)of high quality高质量的高质量的 Our products are of high quality.我们的产品质量很高。我们的产品质量很高。2)与与quality (质量质量)相对的词是相对的词是quantity (数量数量)。quantity的常用短语的

2、常用短语:a quantity of / quantities of大量的大量的The animal hides a quantity of / quantities of nuts in the trees.这个动物在树里藏了大量的坚果。这个动物在树里藏了大量的坚果。We have had a quantity of / quantities of rain this summer.今年夏天雨水很多。今年夏天雨水很多。Great quantities of fish are caught.捕到大量的鱼。捕到大量的鱼。归纳归纳:a quantity of和和quantities of既可修饰既

3、可修饰可数名词可数名词又可修饰又可修饰不不可数名词可数名词。 quantities of .作主语时作主语时,谓语动词应用谓语动词应用复数复数形式。形式。 Words about qualitieshard-working 努力的努力的 lazy 懒惰的懒惰的cruel 残忍的残忍的 selfish 自私的自私的 friendly 友好的友好的 stubborn 固执的固执的reliable 可靠的可靠的, 可信赖的可信赖的mean 吝啬的吝啬的, 小气的小气的determined 有决心的有决心的, 坚定的坚定的generous 慷慨的慷慨的, 大方的大方的 devoted 忠实的忠实的,

4、深爱的深爱的 honest 诚实的诚实的, 忠实地忠实地easy-going 容易相处的容易相处的 frank 直率的直率的, 真诚的真诚的 brave 勇敢的勇敢的 kind 友好的友好的 active 主动的主动的, 活跃的活跃的passive 消极的消极的strong-willed 意志坚强的意志坚强的intelligent 理解力强的理解力强的 warm-hearted 热心的热心的 confident 有信心的有信心的willing to help 助人的助人的 unselfish 无私的无私的He _ _ _ music.devoted himself to devote 常与介词

5、常与介词 to 连用，连用，“献身于，献身于，专心于，致力于专心于，致力于”。1. 他致力于帮助穷人。他致力于帮助穷人。2. 他一生都献给了造福人类的事业。他一生都献给了造福人类的事业。He _ _ _ _ the poor. He _ _ _ _ the poor.He _ _ _ _ _ benefiting mankind.devoted himself to helpingwas devoted to helpingdevote oneself to (doing) sth. 常变为常变为 be devoted to (doing) sth.devoted his whole life

6、 toe.g. 她是一位贤妻良母。她是一位贤妻良母。 She is a good wife and _.a devoted motherfare 车，车， 船费船费fee酬金（如付予私人教师、医生等的）酬金（如付予私人教师、医生等的） pay the lawyers fees付律师费付律师费 a bill for school fees学费帐单学费帐单（考试的）报名费、考试的）报名费、（加入俱乐部的）会费等（加入俱乐部的）会费等If you want to join, theres an entrance fee of 20 and an annual membership fee of 10

7、.入会须缴入会费入会须缴入会费20英镑英镑,年费年费10英镑英镑expense 花费花费,开支开支selling expenses销售费用销售费用current expenses日常开支日常开支travelling expenses旅费旅费 lose ones workjob失业失业 (表动作，做谓语表动作，做谓语)Last month he lost his workjob again.out of work 失业失业 (做表语或后置定语做表语或后置定语)Jim has been out of work for months.The number of people out of work

8、reached 300.in work 有工作有工作 Is her husband in work?at work 在工作在工作在运转在运转What are you doing ?-Im at work.out of 意为意为“在在之外之外”，“向向外外”;表示失去，没有，用完；不再处于某种表示失去，没有，用完；不再处于某种状况。反义词为状况。反义词为into或或in。out of breathout of patienceout of petrol out of use out of order out of control out of dangerout of sight out of

9、fashion out of date out of repair out of sight, out of mind. 上气不接下气上气不接下气不耐烦不耐烦汽油用完了汽油用完了没用了没用了出故障了出故障了失控了失控了脱离危险了脱离危险了 看不见了看不见了不时兴不时兴过时过时无法修葺无法修葺眼不见眼不见, 心不烦心不烦5. vote (1) n. 投票投票, 选票，选举权选票，选举权I gave my vote to Mr. Wang. 我投王先生的票。我投王先生的票。The matter will be decided by vote. 此事将投票决定。此事将投票决定。Give women

10、the vote! (2) v. 投票投票; 选举选举 vote for sb/sth 投票支持投票支持 vote against sb./sth 投票反对投票反对 vote on sb./sth 针对针对进行投票表决进行投票表决As we cant agree on this matter, lets vote on it.由于我们对此事没能达成一致，让我们投票由于我们对此事没能达成一致，让我们投票表决吧。表决吧。1. 下届选举我可能选她。下届选举我可能选她。I may _ _ her at the next election. 2. 投票反对该提议的人占少数。投票反对该提议的人占少数。A

11、small minority _ _ the motion. vote forvoted againstattack vt. 进攻进攻, 抨击抨击 n. 攻击，抨击攻击，抨击进攻是最好的防守。进攻是最好的防守。e.g. Attack is the best form of defence.8. attack n./v. make an attack on/against/upon 攻击攻击 /袭击袭击/ 抨击抨击 under attack 遭到袭击遭到袭击 / 抨击抨击a heart attack 心脏病突发心脏病突发He made an attack on the governments a

12、ctions.The governments actions were under attack.The death of the actor is due to a heart attack.The enemy attacked us at night.事实上，那件事是我做的。事实上，那件事是我做的。_, I was the one who did it.As a matter of fact=The truth is that I was the one who did it.= In fact, I was the one who did it.blow (sb. / sth.) up

13、(destroy) 使充气使充气, 爆炸爆炸, 炸毁炸毁He drove over a landmine and his jeep_.blew upblown upThe terrorists _ _ the World Trade Building with dynamite (炸药炸药). 我不能胜任应付这个职务。我不能胜任应付这个职务。Im not _ _ the position.equal toNot all men are _ _ ability.人的能力并不都是一样的。人的能力并不都是一样的。be equal to sth. 等于等于，能胜任，能胜任 be equal in st

14、h. 在某方面相等在某方面相等equal in四加四等于八。四加四等于八。e.g. Four plus four equals eight.论力气，无人能和他相比。论力气，无人能和他相比。e.g. No one equals him in strength.他是个无与伦比的运动员。他是个无与伦比的运动员。 He is a player without _ _.an equalequal n. /v. / adj. 平等平等/等于等于/平等的平等的equality n. 平等平等 equally adv. 同样地；相等地同样地；相等地He is willing to help me whenev

15、er I am in trouble.(使某人使某人)陷入困境陷入困境(使某人使某人)摆脱困境摆脱困境制造麻烦制造麻烦自找麻烦自找麻烦做某事有困难做某事有困难不辞劳苦地做某事不辞劳苦地做某事get (sb.) into troubleget (sb.) out of troublecause/ make troubleask for/ look for troublehave trouble in doing sth.take the trouble to do sth.13. willing adj 乐意的乐意的, 自愿的自愿的 willingly adv will n 意志意志, 意志力意

16、志力, 意愿意愿be willing to do sth 愿意做某事愿意做某事be willing that sb (should) do sth 乐意让某人做某事乐意让某人做某事Im very willing to vote for the plan.He is willing that his little son should join the army.孩子向母亲寻求安慰。孩子向母亲寻求安慰。 The child _ _ his mother for comfort.turned to他查阅了所有著名的参考书。他查阅了所有著名的参考书。 He has _ _ all the well-

17、known reference books.turned to打开打开关掉关掉出现，调大出现，调大关小，拒绝关小，拒绝结果是，证明是结果是，证明是转过来转过来变成变成turn onturn offturn upturn downturn outturn aroundturn into object to lead to refer to attend to stick to see to反对反对导致导致提到，指的是提到，指的是处理，照料处理，照料坚持坚持办理，料理办理，料理lose heart 灰心灰心, 丧失信心丧失信心Please dont lose heart, you still ha

18、ve more chances.lose ones heart 爱上爱上, 喜欢上喜欢上He lost his heart to her as soon as he saw the e to power = come into power 当权，上台（短暂性动词短语）当权，上台（短暂性动词短语）in power 当权，执政当权，执政 （表状态）（表状态）Things have changed a lot since he came to power.How long has he been in power?拓展：拓展：take office 上台上台leave officelose powe

19、r 下台下台be in ones power to do sth有能力做某事有能力做某事beyond ones power to do sth 无能力做某事无能力做某事 beg vt .vi. 乞讨乞讨, 乞求乞求, 恳求恳求, 请求请求(begged begged begging)beg (for). sthHe begged (for) money from passers-by. beg (for) sth (of) sb (向某人向某人)恳求恳求I beg a quick answer of you.我恳求你迅速答复我。我恳求你迅速答复我。beg (of) sb to do sth 恳

20、请某人做某事恳请某人做某事He begged his teacher to forgive him.beg to do sth 恳请做某事恳请做某事He begged to watch the match.6. All the terror and fear of that time came back to me. terror n. 恐怖恐怖, 可怕的人或事可怕的人或事The murder was a terror to the people in the town.terrorist恐怖主义者恐怖主义者 terrify vt. terrific a. fear n. vt.恐惧恐惧, 可

21、怕可怕+ n./to do /thatDo you fear death?She fears to speak in our presence.I fear that we cant protect ourselves.for fear of & for fear that 担心担心He left an hour earlier for fear of missing the train.She worried for fear that the child would be hurt.7. I remembered the beatings and the cruelty of the gu

22、ards and my friends who had died. beating n. 打、输打、输 They gave him a good beating. They gave our team quite a beating. beat n. 敲击敲击, 跳动跳动 We heard the beat of a drum. Can you hear the beat of my heart? beat v. beat beat - beaten/beat The rain was beating against the window.8. reward n. v. 报酬报酬, 奖金奖金,

23、 酬劳酬劳, 奖赏奖赏in reward reward sb for sthreward sb with sth He gave the boy five yuan in reward.He rewarded the boy for bringing back the lost dog.He rewarded the boy with five yuan.作为报酬作为报酬因因而奖赏某人而奖赏某人用用酬劳某人酬劳某人reward 一般指通过做某事获得的一般指通过做某事获得的回报或者报酬，可以是钱，也可以回报或者报酬，可以是钱，也可以是物品或精神鼓励。是物品或精神鼓励。award 指的是由评委经过

24、认真考虑指的是由评委经过认真考虑颁发的奖品。颁发的奖品。prize 指在比赛中获得的奖项。指在比赛中获得的奖项。1) It is widely accepted that young babies learn to do things because certain acts lead to_. A. reward B. prizes C. awards D. results2) She won first _ in the 100 meters race. A. prize B. awards C. rewards D. resultA A 9. set upset offset down

25、set out to do sthset about doing sthThey set off in search of the lost child.The author set about writing a new book.建立建立, 设立设立出发出发, 动身动身, 使爆炸使爆炸记下记下, 写下写下开始做某事开始做某事开始做某事开始做某事10. sentence v. sentence sb to sthThe young man was sentenced to death for murder.The judge sentenced him to three years in p

26、rison.a light/heavy sentencen. 句子句子 e.g. Make a sentence, please.判决判决, 宣判宣判, 判刑判刑判处某人判处某人 (徒刑徒刑) 轻判轻判/重判重判The time when I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life.在我一生中非常艰难的时期我第一次在我一生中非常艰难的时期我第一次见到了纳尔曼见到了纳尔曼.曼德拉。曼德拉。此句中，此句中，when Mandela 为为_，修饰先行词，修饰先行词 _; when 在从句中做时间状语。在从句中做时

27、间状语。定语从句定语从句the time你还记得我们第一次见面的时候吗？你还记得我们第一次见面的时候吗？ Do you still remember _ _ _ we first met? the time whenperiod 期间期间, 时期时期, 学校的一节课学校的一节课, 周期周期 Lets finish this period and have a break. a period of rotation 自转周期自转周期2. It was in 1952 and Mandela was the black lawyer to whom I went for advice. advic

28、e n. advise v. a piece of advice 一条建议一条建议 give sb. advice on关于关于给某人建议给某人建议 1) advise sb. on sth. 就就给某人出主意给某人出主意 I have advised you on that subject.2) advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人干建议某人干 advise doing sth=suggest doing 建议干建议干 Our monitor advises me to practice more spoken English.3) advise that +(should)

29、 do I advise that you (should) not eat fruit that isnt ripe.Sadly I did not have one because I was not born there, and I worried about whether I would become out of work.不幸地是，我没有身份证，因为我不是不幸地是，我没有身份证，因为我不是在那出生的；我担心我是否会失业。在那出生的；我担心我是否会失业。此句为此句为 _ 连接的两个复合句，复合连接的两个复合句，复合句句(sadly there)含有含有because 引导的引导的

30、 _; 复合句复合句(I worried work.)含有含有whether 引导的引导的 _。原因状语从句原因状语从句宾语从句宾语从句andThe dog wants to know _ there is a thief.whetherS subject 主语主语P predicate 谓语谓语O object 宾语宾语Att attribute 定语定语Adv adverbial 状语状语Com complement 补语补语Pre predicative 表语表语C clause 从句从句Short forms 缩略语缩略语We have reached a stage where we

31、have almost no rights at all.Difficult sentences analysis S. Att C.P.O.我们到了一个完全没有权利的阶段。我们到了一个完全没有权利的阶段。 The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress, until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.过去三十年来所出现的大量法律剥夺我们过去三十年来所出现的

32、大量法律剥夺我们的权利，阻挡我们的进步，一直到今天，的权利，阻挡我们的进步，一直到今天，我们还处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。我们还处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。这一所老房子见证了他们的幸福生活。这一所老房子见证了他们的幸福生活。e.g. The old house has seen their happy life.圣诞节人们在大街上高兴地唱啊跳啊。圣诞节人们在大街上高兴地唱啊跳啊。Christmas saw people singing and dancing happily in the street.此句中，此句中， see 意为意为 _, 主语是主语是 the last thirty

33、years；where 引导引导 _, 修饰先行词修饰先行词 _。见证，目睹见证，目睹定语从句定语从句stageThe baby has reached the stage _ he can standup. where7. We were put in a position in which we had either to accept we were less important, or fight the government. 我们被置于这样一个境地：要么我们被迫接受我们被置于这样一个境地：要么我们被迫接受 低人一等的现实，要么跟政府作斗争。低人一等的现实，要么跟政府作斗争。 2)

34、accept “接受接受”，指的是主观上接受了。，指的是主观上接受了。 receive “收到收到”，指客观收到但不一定接受。，指客观收到但不一定接受。我接受了他的邀请去参加晚会。我接受了他的邀请去参加晚会。I accepted his invitation to the party 我收到了他的邀请，但我没有接受。我收到了他的邀请，但我没有接受。I received his invitation, but I didnt accept.3) either. or. (两者之中两者之中)或或(之一之一)You may stay either in a hotel or in a private

35、 house. I want to visit either Paris or London.Either you or I am wrong. Either of the boys likes singing. Either boy likes singing.9. only then did we decide to answer violence with violence. 只是在那时我们才决定以暴力对付暴力。只是在那时我们才决定以暴力对付暴力。 only then 此处引起倒装句此处引起倒装句, 当当only修饰修饰状语状语 位于位于句首句首时时, 句子采用部分倒装的结构。句子采用部

36、分倒装的结构。 Only by practicing a few hours every day will you be able to master English. You can leave only when he comes. = _ _ he comes _ you leave. Only when can只有在那时候只有在那时候, 我才知道自己错了。我才知道自己错了。Only then did I realize that I was wrong只有用这种办法你才能解决这个问题。只有用这种办法你才能解决这个问题。Only in this way can you solve the

37、 problem.只有当他回来时我们才能知道秘密。只有当他回来时我们才能知道秘密。Only when he came back did we know the secret注意注意1: 主句倒装从句不倒装。主句倒装从句不倒装。注意注意2: Only主语在句首时主语在句首时, 不用倒装不用倒装 Only he knows the answer.注意注意: 如果如果only所强调的为状语从句所强调的为状语从句, 该状语从句不倒装该状语从句不倒装, 只对主句进行倒装。只对主句进行倒装。e.g. Only then did I realize the importance of English.Onl

38、y when a child grows up does he understand his parents intentions.Only when the war was over in 1918 was he able to get happily back to work.We first broke the law in a way which was peaceful; when this was not allowed only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.我们先用和平的方式违法；当这个不被我们先用和平的

39、方式违法；当这个不被允许允许 只有在那时我们才决定以暴力只有在那时我们才决定以暴力对暴力。对暴力。We first broke the law in a way which was peaceful; when this was not allowed only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.此句中含有此句中含有which引导的引导的 _, 修修饰先行词饰先行词 _, which 在从句中做在从句中做 _; 还含有还含有when 引导的时间状语从引导的时间状语从句。句。Only then 引导一个引导一个 _, 当当on

40、ly修饰状语放于句首时，句子用修饰状语放于句首时，句子用_ 结构，即主句提出助动词结构，即主句提出助动词/系系动词动词/情态动词。情态动词。定语从句定语从句a way主语主语部分倒装句部分倒装句部分倒装部分倒装I dont like the way _ were taught by our teacher.I dont like the way _ you talk to me.which/thatin which / that / X只有努力工作，你才能成功。只有努力工作，你才能成功。 _ _ working hard _ you succeed.Only bycanIt was very

41、dangerous because if I was caught I could be put in prison.这是非常危险的，因为如果我被抓到了，这是非常危险的，因为如果我被抓到了，我可能会被关进监狱。我可能会被关进监狱。此句为复合句此句为复合句, 句中含有句中含有because 引导的引导的 _, 此从句中含有此从句中含有if 引导的引导的 _; put in/into prison 意意为为 _。原因状语从句原因状语从句条件状语从句条件状语从句把某人投进监狱把某人投进监狱He suggested the person _ _ _ _ _.put in prisonshould be

42、1. You cannot imagine how the sound of the name of Robben Island made us afraid. 你想象不到听到罗本岛这个名字令我们你想象不到听到罗本岛这个名字令我们 多么害怕多么害怕。 imagine n./doing sth./sb.+ doing/that Can you imagine life without electricity? I dint imagine becoming a writer in my childhood. I cant imagine her marrying him. Imagine tha

43、t you are a bird.2. He taught us during the lunch breaks and the evening when we should have been asleep. 在午餐的休息时间和晚上我们本应该在午餐的休息时间和晚上我们本应该 睡觉的时候他教授我们。睡觉的时候他教授我们。 1) should do & should have done He should have come earlier. You should come earlier tomorrow. should do 表示应该做表示应该做, 一般指现在或将来一般指现在或将来的动作的动

44、作, 指过去的动作时应站在过去的角度。指过去的动作时应站在过去的角度。should have done 表示本应该做而没有做的。表示本应该做而没有做的。站在现在的角度上评说过去的事情。站在现在的角度上评说过去的事情。You should have written to your mother.My teacher said I should study harder.I should have studied harder when I wasyoung.-My mother is very upset today.-Its your fault. You _ the bad news to

45、her yesterday.A. should tell B. should have told C. shouldnt have told D. must tell 答案答案: C2) asleep 是表语形容词是表语形容词, 意为意为“睡着的睡着的”。 sleep 是动词或名词是动词或名词, 意为意为“睡觉睡觉”。 sleepy 是形容词是形容词, 意为意为“打盹的打盹的”。 -Is he still sleeping? -Yes, he is fast asleep. I was too sleepy to hear the end of her talk. I usually sleep seven hours a day.3. They were not cleverer than me, but they did pass their exams. 他们不如我聪明但是他们确实通过了考试。他们不如我