人教版高中英语必修1unit5课文知识点详解

1、基础落实基础落实.高频单词思忆高频单词思忆1.Whatever happens,we will not use 1.Whatever happens,we will not use v v . . We should settle things in a peaceful way. We should settle things in a peaceful way.2.Women are fighting for 2.Women are fighting for e e pay with the pay with the men because they do the same job. me

2、n because they do the same job.3.The majority of people 3.The majority of people v v for Ben for Ben because they wanted him to be their leader. because they wanted him to be their leader.iolenceiolencequalqualotedotedUnit 5 Nelson MandelaUnit 5 Nelson Mandelaa modern a modern hero hero4.Although he

3、 is old,he is still 4.Although he is old,he is still a a in in public affairs. public affairs.5.Most children in cities are better e5.Most children in cities are better e than those in the countryside. than those in the countryside.6.A 6.A s s person always thinks about person always thinks about hi

4、mself. himself.7.They have agreed to the proposal in7.They have agreed to the proposal in ( (原则上原则上) but we still have to ) but we still have to negotiate the details. negotiate the details. 8.The orchestra were all in 8.The orchestra were all in ( (就位就位),), waiting for the conductor. waiting for th

5、e conductor.ctivectiveducatedducatedelfishelfishprincipleprinciplepositionposition9.They 9.They ( (奖励奖励) the winners with ) the winners with gifts of fruits and flowers. gifts of fruits and flowers.10.The public pay more attention to the 10.The public pay more attention to the ( (质量质量) of milk after

6、 the Sanlu ) of milk after the Sanlu tainted milk case. tainted milk case.rewardedrewardedqualityquality.重点短语再现重点短语再现1.1. 在在方面积极方面积极2.2. 献身于；专心于献身于；专心于3.3. 失业失业4.4. 投票支持某人投票支持某人5.5. 事实上事实上6.6. 处在困境中处在困境中7.7. 求助于；致力于求助于；致力于8.8. 丧失勇气或信心丧失勇气或信心9.9. 从从逃走逃走10.10. 设立；建立设立；建立be active inbe active indevote

7、todevote toout of workout of workvote for sb.vote for sb.as a matter of factas a matter of factin troublein troubleturn toturn tolose heartlose heartescape fromescape fromset upset up2.we were put into a position in which we 2.we were put into a position in which we had either to accept we were less

8、 important, had either to accept we were less important, or fight the government. or fight the government.我们被置于这样我们被置于这样 一个境地：要么被迫接受低人一等的现实，要么一个境地：要么被迫接受低人一等的现实，要么 同政府作斗争。同政府作斗争。 either.or.either.or.在此句中连接两个并列在此句中连接两个并列 的不定式短语的不定式短语to accept.to accept.和（和（toto） fight.;fight.; either.or. either.or.意为

9、意为“ ”，是并列连词，常用来连接，是并列连词，常用来连接 并列的主语、谓语、宾语、表语或状语，也可连并列的主语、谓语、宾语、表语或状语，也可连 接并列的分句。接并列的分句。考点提炼考点提炼或是或是或是或是，不是不是就就是是either.or.either.or.所表达的意义是所表达的意义是“二选一二选一”，不能，不能全选，也不能一个不选；要表示全选，则用全选，也不能一个不选；要表示全选，则用 ( (既既又又)，要表示两个都不，要表示两个都不选，则用选，则用 ( (两者都不两者都不) )。3.The reason why I got a job was because of 3.The rea

10、son why I got a job was because of my hard work. my hard work.我得到工作是因为我工作努力。我得到工作是因为我工作努力。 The reason why.is that.The reason why.is that.是个固是个固 定句型，定句型，whywhy引导引导 从句。从句。isis后一般为后一般为thatthat引导引导 的的 从句。从句。both.and.both.and.neither.nor.neither.nor.考点提炼考点提炼定语定语表语表语4.He said they should not be stopped fr

11、om 4.He said they should not be stopped from studying for their degrees. studying for their degrees.他说他们不该被剥他说他们不该被剥 夺为获得学位而学习的权利。夺为获得学位而学习的权利。 本句中包含本句中包含“stop.from doing”stop.from doing”结结 构，意为构，意为“ ”。类似的结构还有。类似的结构还有 “ “ .from doing”.from doing”。考点提炼考点提炼阻止阻止干某事干某事prevent/keepprevent/keep5.They were

12、 not cleverer than me,but they did 5.They were not cleverer than me,but they did pass their exams. pass their exams.他们并不比我更聪明，却通过他们并不比我更聪明，却通过 了考试。了考试。 本句中本句中not cleverer thannot cleverer than意为意为 “ “ ”，属于，属于“not+not+adjadj././advadv. .的比较的比较 级级+than”+than”结构，意为结构，意为“不如不如”，表示两种情，表示两种情 况客观上的比较。而况客观上的

13、比较。而“no+no+adjadj././advadv. .的比较级的比较级 +than”+than”结构意为结构意为“ ”，表示说，表示说 话人的主观感受。话人的主观感受。考点提炼考点提炼不不如如聪明聪明和和一样不一样不导练互动导练互动重点单词重点单词1.quality1.quality And what And what does a great person does a great person have?( have?(回归课本回归课本P P3333) ) 观察思考观察思考 Much of the land was of poor quality.Much of the land w

14、as of poor quality. 这块地大部分土质贫瘠。这块地大部分土质贫瘠。 She had many good qualities although she is She had many good qualities although she is a little rude. a little rude. 她虽然有点粗鲁，但还有许多优秀品质。她虽然有点粗鲁，但还有许多优秀品质。qualitiesqualities归纳总结归纳总结quality quality 。易混辨异易混辨异quality,character,characteristicquality,character,ch

15、aracteristic三个词都含有三个词都含有“特点、特征、特性特点、特征、特性”的意思，但各的意思，但各有侧重。有侧重。(1)quality(1)quality是常用词，指表现某人或某物与其他人是常用词，指表现某人或某物与其他人或物不同的性质或特点，因而体现出的是自己的优或物不同的性质或特点，因而体现出的是自己的优点或长处以及优良品质。表达含糊而难以捉摸的现点或长处以及优良品质。表达含糊而难以捉摸的现象也用它。象也用它。n n. .质量；品质；性质质量；品质；性质(2)character(2)character指事物、地方、事件等的特点、特征、指事物、地方、事件等的特点、特征、特色以及个人

16、、集体、民族等特有的品质、特性，特色以及个人、集体、民族等特有的品质、特性，它能体现出成年人已经充分发展的生活方式，而且它能体现出成年人已经充分发展的生活方式，而且往往和品格有关。往往和品格有关。(3)characteristic(3)characteristic指与众不同的、易于辨认的特征指与众不同的、易于辨认的特征或特性。常用于科技领域。或特性。常用于科技领域。即学即用即学即用（1 1）质量差的商品很难卖出。）质量差的商品很难卖出。 wont sell easily. wont sell easily. （2 2）他们生产各种品质的货物。）他们生产各种品质的货物。 They produce

17、 goods They produce goods . .Goods of poor qualityGoods of poor qualityof various qualitiesof various qualities2.active2.active 观察思考观察思考 He became an active social reformer.He became an active social reformer. 他成了一位积极的社会改革者。他成了一位积极的社会改革者。 Although Mrs.Brown is over 80,she is still Although Mrs.Brown

18、 is over 80,she is still very active. very active. 布朗太太已八十多岁了，但她还是十分活跃。布朗太太已八十多岁了，但她还是十分活跃。归纳总结归纳总结active active 。( (派生派生) actively ) actively advadv. .积极地积极地activity activity n n. .U U活跃，热闹状况；活动；活跃，热闹状况；活动；C C具体的活动具体的活动action action n.n.U U行动（总称）；行动（总称）；C C行为，行动行为，行动（指具体的一次）（指具体的一次）act act v v. .（采

19、取）行动；扮演；起作用；（采取）行动；扮演；起作用；n n. .C C行行为，行动；（戏剧等的）一幕；法案为，行动；（戏剧等的）一幕；法案be active inbe active in在在方面积极方面积极take an active part intake an active part in积极参加积极参加adjadj. .积极的，活跃的积极的，活跃的即学即用即学即用（1 1）She She ( (在在方面积极方面积极) the) the 1789 French Revolution. 1789 French Revolution. （2 2）The teacher encouraged s

20、tudents toThe teacher encouraged students to ( (积极参与积极参与) ) discussions. discussions.was active inwas active intake an active part intake an active part in3.equal3.equal But I was happy to help because I knew it But I was happy to help because I knew it would help us achieve our dream of would help

21、us achieve our dream of making black and white people making black and white people . . ( (回归课本回归课本P P3434) ) 观察思考观察思考 A metre equals 39.38 inches.A metre equals 39.38 inches. 1 1米等于米等于39.3839.38英寸。英寸。 There is an equal number of boys and girls There is an equal number of boys and girls in the class

22、. in the class. 这个班男女生人数相等。这个班男女生人数相等。 She treats the people who work for her as She treats the people who work for her as her equals. her equals. 她以平等的身份对待为她工作的人。她以平等的身份对待为她工作的人。equalequal归纳总结归纳总结equalequal 。A equals B AA equals B A等于等于B BA is equal to B AA is equal to B A等于等于B Bbe equal to sth./do

23、ing sth.be equal to sth./doing sth.胜任某事胜任某事/ /做某事做某事be equal withbe equal with与与相等相等Three plus two equals five.Three plus two equals five.=Three plus two is equal to five.=Three plus two is equal to five.3 3加加2 2等于等于5 5。v v. .等于；抵得上；等于；抵得上；adjadj. .相等的；胜任的相等的；胜任的; ;n n. .同等的人；相等物同等的人；相等物注意以下介词的搭配：注意

24、以下介词的搭配：be similar tobe similar to同同相似相似be familiar to sb.be familiar to sb.为某人所熟知为某人所熟知be familiar with sth.be familiar with sth.熟悉某物熟悉某物be indifferent to sth.be indifferent to sth.对某事不关心；不在乎；对某事不关心；不在乎；不感兴趣不感兴趣be kind tobe kind to对对很和蔼很和蔼be polite tobe polite to对对很有礼貌很有礼貌be friendly tobe friendly

25、to对对很友好很友好即学即用即学即用（1 1）在体力上男人和女人相同吗？）在体力上男人和女人相同吗？ men men women in physical women in physical strength? strength? （2 2）她觉得自己不适合接待来客。）她觉得自己不适合接待来客。 She did not She did not visitors. visitors.AreAreequal toequal tofeel equal to receivingfeel equal to receiving4.vote4.vote Black people couldnt Black p

26、eople couldnt or choose or choose their leaders.( their leaders.(回归课本回归课本P P3434) ) 观察思考观察思考 The issue was put to the vote.The issue was put to the vote. 这一问题被付诸表决。这一问题被付诸表决。 Well listen to the arguments on both Well listen to the arguments on both sides and then vote on it. sides and then vote on i

27、t. 我们将先听取双方的论点，然后再表决。我们将先听取双方的论点，然后再表决。 The whole team have voted me their captain.The whole team have voted me their captain. 全体队员投票选我担任他们的队长。全体队员投票选我担任他们的队长。votevote归纳总结归纳总结vote vote 。vote forvote for赞成；投某人的票赞成；投某人的票vote againstvote against投票反对投票反对vote outvote out（以投票方式）罢免（某人）（以投票方式）罢免（某人）vote dow

28、nvote down投票否决投票否决vote on/uponvote on/upon对对投票表决投票表决vote sth.throughvote sth.through表决通过（提案等）表决通过（提案等）n n. .投票；选票；表决；投票；选票；表决；vtvt.& .& vivi. .投票；选举投票；选举即学即用即学即用用适当的介词填空用适当的介词填空（1 1）I shall vote I shall vote (for/against) Bert (for/against) Bert because I think hes the best man. because I think hes

29、the best man.（2 2）As we cant reach an agreement on this As we cant reach an agreement on this matter,lets vote matter,lets vote (down/out/on) it. (down/out/on) it.forforonon5.reward5.reward They said that the job and the pay from the They said that the job and the pay from the new South African gove

30、rnment were my new South African government were my after working all my life for equal rights after working all my life for equal rights for the Blacks.( for the Blacks.(回归课本回归课本P P3838) ) 观察思考观察思考 He received a medal as a reward for his He received a medal as a reward for his courage. courage. 他得到

31、一枚奖章，作为对他勇敢的奖赏。他得到一枚奖章，作为对他勇敢的奖赏。 Is that how you reward me for my help?Is that how you reward me for my help? 你就是这样来报答我给你的帮助吗？你就是这样来报答我给你的帮助吗？rewardreward归纳总结归纳总结reward reward 。in reward (for.)in reward (for.)作为（对作为（对的）报答的）报答give a reward to sb.for sth.give a reward to sb.for sth.为某事给某人报酬为某事给某人报酬（或

32、赏金）（或赏金）reward sb.for (doing) sth.reward sb.for (doing) sth.因（做）某事报答某因（做）某事报答某人人reward sb.with sth.reward sb.with sth.用某物用某物/ /事报答某人事报答某人n n. .报酬，回报；报酬，回报；v v. .酬劳；奖赏酬劳；奖赏易混辨异易混辨异reward,award,prizereward,award,prize(1)reward(1)reward多指对某人的帮助、工作或服务等的报多指对某人的帮助、工作或服务等的报答，如帮助警察抓到罪犯或帮助失主找到东西而得答，如帮助警察抓到罪犯

33、或帮助失主找到东西而得到的赏金和酬金。到的赏金和酬金。(2)award(2)award指一种官方的奖励行为，往往用来奖励在指一种官方的奖励行为，往往用来奖励在工作中达到一定成就的人，重在强调荣誉而不在于工作中达到一定成就的人，重在强调荣誉而不在于奖品的大小或奖金的多少。奖品的大小或奖金的多少。Mr.Wang has been awarded the title of Mr.Wang has been awarded the title of “Advanced Workers”.“Advanced Workers”.王先生被授予王先生被授予“先进工作者先进工作者”的称号。的称号。(3)rewa

34、rd(3)reward和和awardaward均可用作动词，均可用作动词，awardaward的意思是的意思是“授予，颁发；判给授予，颁发；判给”；rewardreward则表示则表示“报答，酬报答，酬谢谢”之意。亦可从结构上区分两者：之意。亦可从结构上区分两者：reward sb.for reward sb.for sth.,award sb.sth.sth.,award sb.sth.。He was awarded the first prize for He was awarded the first prize for “Outstanding Industrial Design”.“

35、Outstanding Industrial Design”.他获他获“杰出工业设计杰出工业设计”一等奖。一等奖。(4)prize(4)prize多指在各类竞赛、竞争或抽奖中所获得的多指在各类竞赛、竞争或抽奖中所获得的奖。这种奖赏有的凭能力获得，有的凭运气获得。奖。这种奖赏有的凭能力获得，有的凭运气获得。In this months competition you could win a In this months competition you could win a prize worth $3,000.prize worth $3,000.在这个月的比赛中，你可能获得价值在这个月的比赛

36、中，你可能获得价值3 0003 000美元的奖美元的奖金。金。即学即用即学即用（1 1）His movie won several His movie won several at the film at the film festival,which was beyond his wildest festival,which was beyond his wildest dream. dream. A.rewards A.rewardsB.awardsB.awards C.prizes D.gains C.prizes D.gains（2 2）We will offer a(n) We wi

37、ll offer a(n) of ten thousand of ten thousand dollars for information about the case. dollars for information about the case. A.award A.awardB.prizeB.prize C.reward C.rewardD.praiseD.praiseBC6.devote6.devote A great person is someone who A great person is someone who his/ his/ her life to helping ot

38、hers.( her life to helping others.(回归课本回归课本P P3333) ) 观察思考观察思考 He devoted himself to his career.He devoted himself to his career. 他献身于自己的事业。他献身于自己的事业。 Please devote more time to your work.Please devote more time to your work. 请你把更多的时间用于工作。请你把更多的时间用于工作。devotesdevotes归纳总结归纳总结devote devote 。(1)devote o

39、neself to(1)devote oneself to献身；致力；专心献身；致力；专心devote.to.devote.to.把把用于用于(2)Devoted (2)Devoted adjadj. .忠实的；深爱的忠实的；深爱的devotion devotion n n. .关爱，关照；奉献；忠诚关爱，关照；奉献；忠诚be devoted tobe devoted to深爱；致力于深爱；致力于vt.vt. 献身；专心于献身；专心于即学即用即学即用He made up his mind to devote his life toHe made up his mind to devote hi

40、s life to pollution from pollution from again. again.A.preventing;happeningA.preventing;happeningB.prevent;happenB.prevent;happenC.preventing;happensC.preventing;happensD.preventing;will happenD.preventing;will happenA重点短语与句型重点短语与句型7.lose heart7.lose heart The scientist from whom The scientist from

41、whom never never when he was in trouble.( when he was in trouble.(回归课本回归课本P P3737) ) 观察思考观察思考 We mustnt lose heart when people complain.We mustnt lose heart when people complain.当人们抱怨时，我们千万不要丧失信心。当人们抱怨时，我们千万不要丧失信心。 Dont lose heartyoull do better next Dont lose heartyoull do better next time. time. 不

42、要灰心不要灰心下次你会做得更好。下次你会做得更好。lostlostheartheart归纳总结归纳总结lose heartlose heart意为：意为： 。lose ones heart to sb.lose ones heart to sb.爱上某人爱上某人break ones heartbreak ones heart使人难过（心碎）使人难过（心碎）give heart to sb.give heart to sb.鼓励某人鼓励某人heart and soulheart and soul全心全意地全心全意地heart to heartheart to heart诚恳地，贴心地诚恳地，贴心

43、地take hearttake heart鼓起勇气，打起精神鼓起勇气，打起精神from the bottom of ones heartfrom the bottom of ones heart从内心里从内心里learn sth.by heartlearn sth.by heart熟记熟记put ones heart into sth.put ones heart into sth.对对全力以赴，一全力以赴，一心一意心一意丧失信心丧失信心即学即用即学即用Though the girl hasnt lost Though the girl hasnt lost heart to heart to

44、him,he hasnt lost him,he hasnt lost heart. heart.A.her;/A.her;/B.the;hisB.the;hisC./;hisC./;hisD.her;theD.her;theA8.out of8.out of .,and I worried about whether I would .,and I worried about whether I would become become .(.(回归课本回归课本P P3434) ) 观察思考观察思考 Hes been out of work for six months.Hes been ou

45、t of work for six months. 他已经失业六个月了。他已经失业六个月了。out of workout of work归纳总结归纳总结out of workout of work意为：意为： 。out of businessout of business破产；歇业破产；歇业out of controlout of control失控失控out of repairout of repair失修失修out of orderout of order有毛病有毛病out of dateout of date过时过时out of ones reachout of ones reach够不

46、着够不着out of dangerout of danger脱险脱险out of questionout of question毫无疑问毫无疑问out of the questionout of the question不可能的不可能的out of patienceout of patience失去耐心失去耐心out of mindout of mind心不在焉心不在焉Out of sight,out of mind.Out of sight,out of mind.谚眼不见，心不念。谚眼不见，心不念。（离久情疏）（离久情疏）失业失业即学即用即学即用（1 1）他必须正视失业这一现实。）他必须正

47、视失业这一现实。 He must face the reality of He must face the reality of . . （2 2）过期护照是无效的。）过期护照是无效的。 A passport that is A passport that is is is invalid. invalid.being out of workbeing out of workout of dateout of e to e to power I didnt work again for twenty years until I didnt work again for twenty years

48、 until Mr.Mandela and the ANC Mr.Mandela and the ANC in in 1994.( 1994.(回归课本回归课本P P3838) ) 观察思考观察思考 The party came to power at the last The party came to power at the last election. election. 这个政党是在上次大选中当选执政的。这个政党是在上次大选中当选执政的。 By the time he came to power in 1951 he was By the time he came to power

49、in 1951 he was already seventy. already seventy. 到到19511951年上台时，他已经有年上台时，他已经有7070岁了。岁了。came to powercame to power归纳总结归纳总结come to powercome to power意为：意为： 。be in powerbe in power当权，执政当权，执政lose powerlose power失去权力失去权力take officetake office上台，执政上台，执政do everything in ones power to do sth.do everything i

50、n ones power to do sth.竭尽竭尽全力做某事全力做某事由由come into+come into+名词可构成的短语：名词可构成的短语：come into actioncome into action开始行动开始行动come into fashioncome into fashion流行流行come into effectcome into effect生效生效come into officecome into office就职就职上台；掌权上台；掌权即学即用即学即用(1)(1)他当权后就违背了他减税的诺言。他当权后就违背了他减税的诺言。 When he When he ,h

51、e broke his,he broke his promise of reducing taxes. promise of reducing taxes. (2)(2)我将尽力帮助你。我将尽力帮助你。 Ill do everything Ill do everything to help to help you. you.came to/into powercame to/into powerin my powerin my power10.I felt bad the first time I talked to a10.I felt bad the first time I talked

52、 to a group. group.我第一次向（参观）小组谈论（罗本我第一次向（参观）小组谈论（罗本 岛监狱的情况）时，心里觉得很不好受。岛监狱的情况）时，心里觉得很不好受。 典例体验典例体验 I called on him,he was very I called on him,he was very busy. busy. 我每次拜访他，他都很忙。我每次拜访他，他都很忙。 He came to see me He came to see me he came back. he came back. 他一回来就来看我。他一回来就来看我。Each timeEach timeimmediate

53、lyimmediately归纳总结归纳总结句中的句中的 用作连词，引导用作连词，引导从句，意为从句，意为“ ”。（1 1）名词短语作连词，引导时间状语从句的有：）名词短语作连词，引导时间状语从句的有：every timeevery time每次每次/ /回回就就each timeeach time每当每当时时next timenext time下次下次时时any timeany time（在）任何时间（在）任何时间（2 2）有时副词也可充当连词，引导时间状语从句，）有时副词也可充当连词，引导时间状语从句，它们是：它们是：instantly,immediately,directlyinstant

54、ly,immediately,directly等，都等，都相当于相当于as soon asas soon as。the first timethe first time时间状语时间状语第一次第一次时时the momentthe momentthe minutethe minutethe instantthe instant=as soon as=as soon as一一就就即学即用即学即用 they visited the Science Museum,they they visited the Science Museum,they showed great interest in ever

55、ything they saw.showed great interest in everything they saw.A.The first timeA.The first timeB.For the first timeB.For the first timeC.At firstC.At firstD.At the first timeD.At the first timeA11.only then did we decide to answer 11.only then did we decide to answer violence with violence. violence w

56、ith violence. 直到那时，直到那时， 我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。 典例体验典例体验 Only with all your time and energy Only with all your time and energy do this job well. do this job well. 只有用上你全部的时间和精力，你才能把这项工只有用上你全部的时间和精力，你才能把这项工 作做好。作做好。 Only when he is seriously ill Only when he is seriously ill in bed. in bed. 他只有病得

57、非常严重时才会卧床休息。他只有病得非常严重时才会卧床休息。can youcan youwill he staywill he stay归纳总结归纳总结本句中的本句中的only thenonly then置于句首，引起句子置于句首，引起句子 。该句的正常语序是：该句的正常语序是：.we decided to answer .we decided to answer violence with violence only thenviolence with violence only then。在英语句子中，为了表强调，把在英语句子中，为了表强调，把“only+only+状语（副词、状语（副词、介

58、词短语、从句）介词短语、从句）”置于句首，主句要用部分倒装形置于句首，主句要用部分倒装形式，即把原句中的式，即把原句中的 、 或或 提到主提到主语前面。语前面。部分倒装部分倒装助动词助动词情态动词情态动词bebe动词动词即学即用即学即用Only in this way Only in this way to make improvement in to make improvement in the operating system.the operating system.A.you can hope B.you did hopeA.you can hope B.you did hopeC.

59、did you hope D.can you hopeC.did you hope D.can you hopeD考题回扣考题回扣【例例1 1】I have reached a point in my life I have reached a point in my life I am supposed to make decisions of my own. I am supposed to make decisions of my own. （浙江高（浙江高考）考） A.whichA.whichB.whereB.where C.how C.howD.whyD.why 解析解析 当当poi

60、nt,case,stage,situationpoint,case,stage,situation等表示抽等表示抽 象地点的名词充当先行词时，若定语从句中缺少象地点的名词充当先行词时，若定语从句中缺少 状语，则用关系副词状语，则用关系副词wherewhere来引导定语从句。来引导定语从句。 课文原文课文原文 The school The school was three kilometres away. was three kilometres away.where I studied for only two yearswhere I studied for only two yearsB【