必修五_Unit1_Great_Scientists_第一课时

1、Warming up &ReadingLets play a guessing game!Remember: They are all great scientists.Guessing He has made a famous kite experiment.He learned a lot from it and invented lightning rod(避雷针避雷针).).He is Benjamin FranklinNever leave that until tomorrow, which you can do today.He is called the greatest sc

2、ientist in the 20th century.He is famous for the Theory of Relativity.He is Albert EinsteinimaginativeImagination is more important than knowledgeHe invented electric bulbs.He made more than 1,000 inventions during his life.He is Thomas EdisonThomas Alva EdisonGenius is one percent inspiration and 9

3、9 percent perspiration.She is a woman scientist.She discovered radium( (镭镭) ).In her life, she won the Nobel Prize twice.She is Marie CurieNothing in life is to be feared. It is only to be understood.He made the first telescope in the world.His observations show that the earth moves around the sun.H

4、e is Galileo GalileoYou cannot teach a man anything. You can only help him find it within himself.Warming-up do you know? Who discovered that objects in water are lifted up by a force that helps them float? Who wrote a book explaining how animals and plants developed as the environment changed?Archi

5、medesCharles Darwin Who invented the first steam engine?Thomas Newcomen Who used peas to show how physical characteristics are passed form parents to their children?Gregor Mendel Who discovered radium? Who invented the way of giving electricity to everybody in large cities? Who was the painter that

6、studied dead bodies to improve his painting of people?Marie CurieThomas EdisonLeonardo da Vinci Who invented a lamp to keep miners safe underground? Who invented the earliest instrument to tell people where earthquakes happened? Who put forward a theory about black holes?Sir Humphrey DavyZhang HengS

7、tephen HawkingDo you know? 发明蒸汽机的并不是瓦特，他是改进纽可门的蒸气机，使世界进入“蒸气时代” ，使他成为第一次工业革命中的名气最大的发明家。 1865年，修士孟德尔在一个会议上报告了他通过长达八年的实验研究和他所统计的多达两万一千多件样本的实验结果，利用豌豆实验发现了植物的遗传规律，但是孟道尔的理论超出了当时人们能够接受的水平。35年后，三国科学家几乎是同时发现了植物遗传的规律。而当他们准备发表论文，去查阅文献时，又不约而同地发现，早在35年前孟德尔就发现这样的规律了。他们三个人在发表论文时，都提到了孟德尔的文章，称自己的工作是证实了孟德尔的定律。这就是生物学史

8、上的有名的“孟德尔定律的再发现”。 英国化学家、诗人汉弗莱戴维。1778年出生。他小时聪明、淘气，不喜欢读书，喜欢玩乐。他不到20岁时，父亲去世。为了养家糊口，他到当地一位医生那当学徒，从此接触并喜欢上化学，因为觉得自己知识浅薄，他就自订计划发奋用功，凭着他的天资和勤奋，很快掌握了七种语言和不少科学知识，并最终成为了英国皇家学会的主席。1798年戴维的名声随着他对笑气的发现而传遍了整个英国。他还带病专门研究火焰，发明了矿用安全灯（1816），这种灯一直到今天仍叫戴维灯，曾挽救了成千上万名矿工的生命。1.Who discovered that objects in water are lifte

9、d up by a force that helps them float?2.Who wrote a book explaining how animals and plants developed as the environment changed?3.Who invented the first steam engine?4.Who used peas to show how physical characteristics are passed from parents to their children?5 Who discovered radium?6 Who invented

10、the way of giving electricity to everybody in large cities?7 Who was the painter that studied dead bodies to improve his painting of people?8 Who invented a lamp to keep miners safe underground?9 Who invented the earliest instrument to tell people where earthquakes happened?10 Who put forward a theo

11、ry about black holes?词汇拓展词汇拓展: up down out off on up with awayput记下，放下记下，放下扑灭扑灭推迟，延期推迟，延期举起举起; 建造建造; 张贴张贴 穿上穿上put forward忍受忍受收拾收拾1.The plan that you _ at the meeting is wonderful.2.Many tall buildings were _ along the road.3.Firefighters have been called to _ the fire in the city centre.4. I dont kn

12、ow how his parents_ his behavior.5.Dont _ until tomorrow what can be done today. -Benjamin Franklin put forward put up put out put off put up withWhat impress you most in 2003?infectiousWhat impress you most in 2003?Which person impress you most during the SARS?Who did great contributions to defeati

13、ng the Sars?A. Zhong NanshanWhat other infectious diseases do you know?For example: When you eat some seafoodYou feelMaybe you have got _.CholeraJohn SnowWhat should scientists do to prove a new idea in scientific research?Draw a conclusion Think of a method Collect results Make up a question Find a

14、 problem Analyze the results Find supporting evidenceFast-readingFast-reading draw a conclusionfind a problemmake up a questionthink of a methodcollect resultsanalyse the resultsFind supporting evidenceAccording to the passage. please put the 7 stages in right orderdraw a conclusionthink of a method

15、collect resultsmake up a questionfind a problemanalyze the resultsFind supporting evidenceWho is John Snow? a famous doctor in London. relationship attended her as her personal physician.1. Whats the main idea of the passage?A. John Snow was a well-known doctor in London.B. The cause of Cholera was

16、polluted water.C. The source of all drinking water should be examined.D. How did John Snow collect, analyze data and find the cause of the disease and solved it .Find out the main idea of each ParaJohn Snow wanted to use his knowledge to solve cholera.He got interested in two theories explainingHe n

17、eeded to prove the second theory was correct.He found out that dirty water was the cause of choleraPara. 1Para. 2Para. 3Para. 4Para. 5Para. 6Polluted water carried the diseaseFinally “King Cholera” was defeatedPara 7 He found other supporting evidence What is the problem?The cholera was the most dea

18、dly disease of its day. Neither its cause, nor its cure was understood.What caused cholera?Detail-reading John Snow was a famous doctor in London-so expert,indeed,that he attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician.But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to

19、 cholera.This was the deadly disease of its day.Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.John Snow wanted to face the challenge and solve this problem.He knew that cholera would never be controlled until its cause was f

20、ound. when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.1）expose 暴露暴露, 显露显露When he smiled he exposed a set of perfect white teeth. expose toexpose to把把暴露于暴露于之下之下. . expose oneself to expose his skin to the sunexpose the baby to the wind and rainexpose soldiers to unnecessary risks be

21、exposed to be exposed to 暴露暴露; ; 遭受到遭受到活学活用活学活用1.将皮肤长时间暴晒在太阳下对身体有害。将皮肤长时间暴晒在太阳下对身体有害。 _ your skin _ the sun for long does great harm to your body.2. 长期接触镭的人易患癌症。长期接触镭的人易患癌症。 People (often _ _ the radium ) can have cancer easily. Exposing toexposed toMany girls like to _ themselves _ the sun in summe

22、r.Many girls like to _the sun in summer.exposetobe exposed to_ to sunlight for too much time will do harm to ones skin. A. Exposed B. ExposingC. Being exposed D. Having exposedmake up a question: Which theory to believe in? Cholera multiplied in the air without reason. A cloud of dangerous gas would

23、 float around until it found its victims.People absorbed it with their meals. He became interested in two theories that possibly explained how cholera killed people.The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air. A cloud of dangerous gas floated around until it found its victims.The second s

24、uggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals.From the stomach the disease quickly attacked the body and soon the affected person died. people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals.absorb v. 吸收吸收Use the cloth to absorb the spilled ink. 吸干撒的墨水吸干撒的墨水B

25、lack cloth absorbs light.absorb oneself in/be absorbed in 专注专注于于,被被吸引；吸引；I was absorbed in a book and didnt hear your call.absorbinto吸收吸收, 把把并入并入The big company has gradually absorbed these small companies into its own organization.1.Simon was so _（沉浸于）沉浸于）his book that he didnt even notice me come

26、in. 2. This drug is quickly _（被吸被吸收进）收进）the body.absorbed inabsorbed intoJohn Snow want to prove the second idea but he need evidence.Think of a methodTo gather information in two particular streets. John Snow suspected that the second theory was correct but he needed evidence.So when another outbre

27、ak hit London in 1854,he was ready to begin his enquiry.As the disease spread quickly through poor neighbourhoods,he began to gather information.In two particular streets,the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. He was determined to find out why. Collect results

28、 He marked on a map the exact places where all the dead had lived. He also noticed that some places had had no deathIt seemed that the water was to blame for cholera.A map of Broad StreetWhat method did he use?Broad StreetMany deaths happened here.No death happened here.The water from the pump was t

29、o blame.Public house First he marked on a map the exact places where all the dead people had lived. This gave him a valuable clue about the cause of the disease.Many of the deaths were near the water pump in Broad Street(especially numbers 16,37,38and40).He also noticed that some houses(such as 20 a

30、nd 21 Broad Street and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street)had had no deaths.He had not foreseen this,so he made further investigations.He discovered that these people worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street.They had been given free beer and so had not drunk the water from the pump.It seemed that the water was

31、 to blame. It seemed that the water was to blame.1) be to blame (for sth.) 应受责备应受责备; 应对某事负责应对某事负责 (主动形式表被动主动形式表被动)eg: The driver was to blame for the accident. I was to blame for losing the game.2) blame sb. for sth. 因为某事而责备某人因为某事而责备某人3) blame sth. on sb. 把把归咎到某人身上归咎到某人身上Mom blamed Tom for the broke

32、n glass.Dont blame your failure on others. It is you yourself that are to blame.She blamed him for the failure of their marriage.=she blamed the failure of their marriage on him.I dont know who _blame for the car accident.was toI think _(司机是罪魁祸首司机是罪魁祸首). He should have been more careful. the driver

33、was to blame Who is _ the fire in the kitchen? A. to blame for B. to blame C. blame for D. blame (1)因为和弟弟打架，大家都责备这个男孩。Everyone _ the boy _ fighting with his brother. (2)不能把一切错误都归咎于他。We cant _ the mistakes_ him alone.blamedforblameonanalyze the results: What happened to the pump water?He looked into

34、the source and told people to remove the handle from the pump.He had shown that cholera was spread by germs and not in a cloud of gas.The water was from the river which had been polluted by the dirty water from London.Bacteria of cholera Next,John Snow looked into the source of the water for these t

35、wo streets.He found that it came from the river polluted by the dirty water from London.He immediately told the astonished people in Broad Street to remove the handle from the pump so that it could not be used.Soon afterwards the disease slowed down.He had shown that cholera was spread by germs and

36、not in a cloud of gas. In another part of London,he found supporting evidence from two other deaths that were linked to the Broad Street outbreak.A woman,who had moved away from Broad Street,liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day. Both she and her daug

37、hter died of cholera after drinking the water.With this extra evidence John Snow was able to announce with certainty that polluted water carried the virus. To prevent this from happening again,John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies be examined.The water companies were instruct

38、ed not to expose people to polluted water any more.Finally King Cholerawas defeated. Find supporting evidence: What extra evidence did he find? A woman and her daughter who lived far away but drank the water also died.draw a conclusion with certaintyThe polluted water carried the disease.Draw a conc

39、lusionHis suggestion:The source of all the water supplies should be examined.The water companies were instructed not to expose people to polluted water.The polluted water is to blame. Finally “ King Cholera” was defeated.Draw a conclusionFind a problemMake a questionThink of a methodCollect resultsA

40、nalyse the resultsPara 1Para 2Para 3Para 4Para 5Para 6Match themFind supporting evidencePara 7John Snow began to test two theories.An outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854.John Snow marked the deaths on a map.He announced that the water carried the disease.John Snow investigated two streets where the outbreak was very severe.King Cholera was defeated.He found that most of the deaths were near a water pump.He had the handle removed from the water pump.6.Read the passage and number these events in the order that