职称英语卫生类A级-54_真题-无答案

1、职称英语卫生类 A 级-54(总分 100,考试时间 90 分钟)第 1 部分：词汇选项下面每个句子中均匀1 个词或短语画有底横线， 请为每处画线部分确定1 个意义最为接近的选项。1. *pany endured heavy financial losses.A. facedB. reachedC. sufferedD. experienced2. Young people often congregate in the main square in the evenings.A. assembleB. assessC. celebrateD. congratulate3. Blend tog

2、ether the eggs, sugar and flour.A. mixB. makeC. cookD. eat4. A new technological process may be employed to tap this abundant supply directly.A. produceB. reserveC. exploitD. search5. At the age of 30, Hersey suddenly became a celebrity.A. bossB. managerC. starD. dictator6. He dived from the bridge

3、to rescue the drowning child.A. dragB. findC. helpD. save7. He was reluctant to admit he was wrong.A. anxiousB. curiousC. opposedD. unwilling8. Her sister urged her to apply for the job.A. advisedB. causedC. forcedD. promised9. Efforts to preserve the peace have failed.A. predictB. prohibitC. protec

4、tD. prescribe10. The conclusion can be deduced from the premises.A. arguedB. derivedC. permittedD. came11. A red flag was placed there as a token of danger.A. signB. substituteC. proofD. target12. As time went on, a genuine friendship grew up between us.A. deepB. rareC. realD. valuable13. The archit

5、ecture is harmonious and no building is over six-storey high.A. old-fashionedB. traditionalC. conventionalD. balanced14. The index is the government"s chief gauge of future economic activity.A. measureB. opinionC. methodD. decision15. The book shows only a superficial understanding of the histo

6、rical context.A. deepB. shallowC. significantD. superior第 2 部分：阅读判断下面的短文后列出了7 个句子， 请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断：如果该句提供的是正确的信息，请选择A ；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B ；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。Stem Cell Therapy May Help Repair the HeartAccording to scientists in the USA, stem cell therapy may one day be able to repair the hearts of

7、people with heart failure. Researchers at Pittsburgh University School of Medicine examined 20 patients who had severe heart failure and were going to have surgery.They injected stem cells into the parts of their hearts that were damaged. They *pared their hearts with those of people who had undergo

8、ne surgery without having the stem cells injected into them (they had also suffered from severe heart failure). The patients who had the stem cells injected had hearts that were able to pump ( 用泵抽水 ) more blood than the others.According to Professor Robert Kormos, one of the researchers, these resul

9、ts could revolutionizeheart treatment. Although previous studies had indicated that there might be a benefit, this is the first study that has actually proved that stem cell therapy can help the failing heart work better.All the patients in this study had hearts that could not pump blood properly. T

10、he scientists measured their ejection fraction ( 射血分数 ). This is a measure of heart performance; you measure how much blood is being pumped out by the left ventricle ( 心室 ).Healthy people"s ejection fraction is about 55%. These patients had ejection fraction of under 35%.They all had by-pass su

11、rgery ( 搭桥手术 ) performed on them. Some of the patients had stem cells taken from their hip bones and injected into 25-30 sites in the damaged heart muscle. Six months later their ejection fraction rate was 46.1% while those who just had surgery but no stem cell injections averaged 37.2%.No side effe

12、cts were reported.Heart failure is a common problem all over the world. In the UK alone about 650,000 people suffer from heart failure every year. As the number of people suffering from heart failure increasesin the world in general these findings are particularly significant.Current treatments reli

13、eve the symptoms. This new stem cell therapy actually repairs the damaged muscle in the heart and has the potential of curing the disease.1. The 20 patients had stem cell injections instead of surgery.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned2. The experiment proved to be satisfactory.A. RightB. WrongC. Not

14、mentioned3. The control group patients regretted not having had stem cell injections.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned4. The study actually proved for the first time the benefit of stem cell therapy.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned5. The ejection fraction rate of the patients with stem cell injection

15、s decreased.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned6. Heart failure is *mon in the UK than anywhere else in the world.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned7. Stem cell therapy seems to have great prospects.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子下面的短文后有2 项测试任务： (1) 第 23 26 题要求从所给的 6 个选项中为第 1 4 段每段选择 1 个

16、最佳标题； (2)第 2730 题要求从所给的 6 个选项中为每个句子确定1 个最佳选项。A Baby"s Growth1 To describe a baby"s growth, the old saying "one thing leads to another" should really read, "one thing leads to an explosion". The perfection of vision and the abilityto hold his head up allow appreciation o

17、f visual space. The evolution of increasingly efficient reaching also lets the baby appreciate and participate in his three-dimensional world.2 You may notice that your baby can grab toys with either hand. This is partly because the babyhas learned to grasp an object even if it touches his hand ligh

18、tly or his eyes are averted. By the end of the fourth month, he can probably alternate hands to grab the toys or transfer a toy from onehand to the other. He may even wave it briskly, then transfer it and repeat the waving, shuttling it back and forth between hands. In imitating the behavior of one

19、hand with the other, the baby may be becoming aware that he can do the same thing with eacharm and that each hand is distinct from the other. This awareness is important to his receiving information about space. The babyalso begins to see himself act when he repeatedly reaches for and grasps things.

20、 He starts todistinguish himself from the outer world.3 If you would like another sign of this growth process, try one of Gesell"s measures of mental growth, the behavior of a baby before a mirror. According to Gesell, a baby will smile at his image at around twenty weeks of age. Hold your baby

21、 up to a mirror and watch him examine the faces there. He will probably attend most to his own image and perhaps smile at it. As his image returnsthe smile, he may become active and vocalize. He may also look back and forth between your image and you as if the duplication puzzles him. A baby who kno

22、ws his mother"s face cannot understand two of them. Calling softly to your baby, as he looks at your confusing double, complicates matters even further. His turning back to the real you shows that a baby four monthsold is likely to have the ability of preference in discrimination.4 An early att

23、achment to one object a toy or a stuffed animal is another index of discrimination, as well as self-development, for the baby"s interests are going beyond himself. Most babies do not prefer one toy this early, but some will. After exploring each toy, your baby may start reaching and playing wit

24、h one special one. In the months to come, the toy or anything else the baby identifies with himself by wearing or carrying may become a "lovey". A "lovey" will be slept with, chewed, hugged, loved, and "talked to". These "loveies" give the baby a way of coping

25、 with the necessary separations from the mother. A friendly and familiar toy bear may just make him easier on himself.Rather than feeling threatened, a mother should be flattered by her baby"s extension of affection elsewhere. A baby with the heart to find a "lovey" is showing earlyme

26、ntal resourcefulness and flexibility.1. A. Gesell"s measure of the baby"s mental growthB. Growth of the baby through playing with toysC. The baby"s confusion in front of a mirrorD. Significance of each stage of development in a baby"s lifeE. The baby"s love for "loveies

27、" indicates early mental resourcefulness and flexibilityF. The functions of a "lovey" Paragraph 1 2. Paragraph 2 3. Paragraph 3 4. Paragraph 4 5. A. around twenty weeks of ageB. feel flatteredC. tell one hand from the otherD. the perfection of vision and the ability to hold his head u

28、pE. has preference among his toysF. explore his toysThe baby"s ability to sense the visual space owes to.6. In imitating the behavior of one hand with the other, the baby is able to.7. A baby will smile at his image at.8. The baby"s extension of affection should make the mother.第 4 部分：阅读理解

29、下面有 3 篇短文，每篇短文后有5 道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1 个最佳选项。第一篇Diabetes (糖尿病 ) and Eye DamageOver 2 million Canadians have diabetes. It is the leading cause of blindness in North Americans under 65 years of age. Diabetes is a condition where the body either cannot produce enough insulin( 胰 岛 素 ) or cannot respond pro

30、perly to insulin. Insulinis importantbecause it moves glucose (葡萄糖 ), a simple sugar, to the body"s cells from the blood. The food people eat provides the body with glucose, which is used by the cells as a source of energy. If insulin isn"t available or doesn"t work correctly to move

31、glucose from the blood into the cells, glucose willstay in theblood, leading to high blood sugar levels.High blood sugar levels damage the blood vessels, including the tiny blood vessels in the eye. This leads to an eye disease known as diabetic retinopathy (糖尿病型视网膜病 ). The retina ( 视网膜 ) is an area

32、 at the back of the eye that changes light into nerve signals. With diabetic retinopathy, some blood vessels in the retina are lost, and some of the other blood vessels begin to "leak" blood. This causes the retina to swell, and gradually cuts off its supply of oxygen and nutrients (滋养物 ).

33、 Eventually, the retina starts to grow new blood vessels to replace the damaged ones. Unfortunately,these new vessels are not as strong as the old ones. They are more likelyto break, causing bleeding in the eye.At first, people with diabetic retinopathy will not notice any symptoms. As the disease g

34、ets worse, they may notice blurred (模 糊 的 ) vision, black spots or flashing lights. As time goes on, it can progress to blindness. Everyone withdiabetes is at risk fordiabetic retinopathy, and the risk increases the longer you"ve had diabetes.Fortunately, you can reduce your risk. If you do not

35、 have diabetes, but think you may be at risk for this condition, visit your doctor to be screened for diabetes. If you do have diabetes:·Have frequent eye check-ups.·Makesurethat youmonitoryourbloodsugar frequentlyand use yourmedicationsas recommended by your doctor. There is evidence to s

36、how that keeping your blood sugar under tight control can slow down eye damage.·If you have high blood pressure, follow your recommended diet and medications to keep it undercontrol. If you are not sure whether you have high blood pressure, or whether your blood pressure is under control, discu

37、ss this with your doctor.1. Glucose cannot be turned into energy in the body.A. without diabetesB. without sugarC. without insulinD. without food2. The word "its" in the second paragraph refers to.A. "the nerve"s"B. "the blood"s"C. "the eye"s"D.

38、 "the retina"s"3. With diabetic retinopathy, the damaged blood vessels in the retina.A. are stronger than what they used to beB. cannot be properly replacedC. are more likely to break than the new onesD. may return to normal again4. The worst eye damage induced by diabetes is.A. blurr

39、ed visionB. black spotsC. blindnessD. flashing lights5. To slow down eye damage, people with diabetes should try to.A. use as many medications as they canB. eat as little as possibleC. wear glasses as often as possibleD. keep their blood sugar under tight control第二篇Stress and Heart DiseaseIf you oft

40、en feel angry and overwhelmed, like the stress in your life is spinning out of control, then you may be hurting your heart. If you don"t want to break your own heart, you need to learn totake charge of your life where you can and recognize there are many things beyond your control.So says Dr. R

41、obert S. Eliot, author of a new book titled FromStress to Strength: How to Lighten Your Load and Save Your Life.He"s a clinical professor of medicine at the University of Nebraska.Eliot says there are people in this world whom he calls "hot reactors". For these people, being tense may

42、 cause tremendous and rapid increases in their blood pressure.Eliot says researchers have found that stressed people have higher cholesterol levels, among other things. "We"ve done years of work in showing that excess alarm or stress chemicals can literally burst heart muscle fibers. When

43、that happens it happens very quickly,withinfiveminutes. It creates many short circuits, and that Causes crazy heart rhythms. The heart beats likea bag of worms instead of a pump. And when that happens, we can"t live."Eliot, 64, suffered a heart attack at age 44. He attributes some of the c

44、ause to stress. For years he was a "hot reactor". On the exterior, he was cool, calm and collected, but on the interior, stress was killing him. He"s now doing very well.The main predictors of destructive levels of stress are the FUD factors fear, uncertainty and doubt together with p

45、erceived lack of control, he says.For many people, the root of their stress is anger, and the trick is to find out where the anger is coming from. "Does the *e from a feeling that everything must be perfect?" Eliot asks.One step to calming down is to recognize you have this tendency. Learn

46、 to be less hostile by changing some of your attitudes and negative thinking.Eliot recommends taking charge of your life. "If there is one word that should be substituted for stress, it"scontrol.Instead ofthe FUDfactors, whatyou want is the NICEfactors new, interesting, challenging experie

47、nces.""You have to decide what parts of your life you can control," he says. "Stop where you are on your trail and say, "I"m going to get my compass out and find out what I need to do.""He suggests that people writedown the six things in their lives that they

48、feel are the most important things they"d like to achieve. Ben Franklin did it at age 32. "He wrote down things like being a better father, being a better husband, being financiallyindependent, being stimulated intellectually and remaining even-tempered he wasn"t good at that."Fr

49、om Eliot"sviewpoint,the other keyto controllingstress is to realize that there are othertroublesome parts of your life over which you can have little or no control like the economyand politicians.1. What should we do if we don"t want to break our heart?A. We need to control our life and re

50、cognize that there are many things beyond our control.B. We need to have body examinations often.C. We need to relax ourselves.D. We need to be with our families.2. What consequences being tense may bring to people?A. Heart muscle fibers may be burst.B. Lower cholesterol levels.C. The heart beats li

51、ke a pump.D. Slow increases in their blood pressure.3. What does the term "hot reactor" refer to?A. People often change their moods.B. People who often quarrel with others.C. People who are easy to get annoyed.D. People who are cool on the exterior but stressed on the interior.4. According

52、 to the passage, for many people ,what is the root of stress?A. Doubt.B. Fear.C. Uncertainty.D. Anger.5. Which statement about Ben Franklin is correct?A. He wrote down things what he wanted to achieve at the age of 32.B. He was independent financially at that time.C. He was an even-tempered man.D. T

53、he author suggested him to write things down so as to release his stress.第三篇Learning to ForgiveTo forgive may be divine, but no one ever said it was easy. When someone has deeply hurt you, it can be extremely difficultto let go of yourgrudge. Butforgiveness is possible, and it can be surprisingly be

54、neficial to your physical and mental health."People who forgive show less depression, anger and stress and more hopefulness," says Frederic Luskin, Ph. D. , author of Forgivefor Good. "So it can help save on the wear and tear on our organs, reduce the wearing out of the immune system

55、and allow people to feel more vital."So how do you start the healing? Try following these steps:Calm yourself. To defuse your anger, try a simple stress-management technique. "Take a couple of breaths and think of something that gives you pleasure: a beautiful scene in nature, or someoneyo

56、u love," Luskin says.Don"t wait for an apology. "Many times the person who hurt you has no intention of apologizing," Luskin says. "They may have wanted to hurt you or they just don"t see things the same way. So if you wait for people to apologize, you could be waiting

57、an awfully long time." Keep in mind that forgiveness does not necessarily mean reconciliation with the person who upset you or condoning of his or her action.Take the control away from your offender. Mentally replaying your hurt gives power to the person who caused you pain. "Instead of fo

58、cusing on your wounded feelings, learn to look for the love, beauty and kindness around yon," Luskin says.Try to see things from the other person"s perspective. If you empathize with that person, you may realize that he or she was acting out of ignorance, fear, even love. To gain perspecti

59、ve, you may want to write a letter to yourself from your offender"s point of view.Recognize the benefits of forgiveness. Research has shown that people who forgive report more energy, better appetite and better sleep patterns.Don"t forget to forgive yourself. "For some people, forgiving themselves is the biggest challenge,"Luskin says. "But it can rob you of your self-confidence if you don"t