高二过去分词讲解与练习

1、高二过去分词讲解与练习1. 分词的定义:动词的-ed分词即过去分词，是由动词的过去分词构成，一般只有一种形式。2. 过去分词的语法作用： 过去分词一方面具有动词的性质，另一方面也相当于一个形容词或副词，在句中可以作表语、定语、状语和补足语。1) 过去分词作表语，主要表示主语的心理感觉或所处的状态。如：Dont touch the glass because it is broken. 不要碰那个杯子，它是坏的。He is quite pleased with the design of the dress. 她很喜欢那礼服的式样。2) 过去分词做定语：单个的过去分词作定语一般放在名词的前面，相

2、当于一个定语从句。The excited people rushed into the building. 激动的人们奔进了大楼。We need more qualified teachers. 我们需要更多合格的教师。过去分词短语作定语通常放在被修饰的词后面，相当于一个定语从句。如：Is there anything planned for tomorrow? 明天有什么活动吗？The suggestion made by the foreign expert was adopted by the manager.过去分词作定语也可用作非限制性定语，前后用逗号隔开。如：The books,

3、written by Lu Xun, are popular with many Chinese people.The meeting, attended by one thousand students, was a success. 3) 过去分词做状语：过去分词和-ing分词作状语一样，也可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。表时间，相当于一个时间状语从句，有时过去分词前可加连词when或while来强调时间概念.如：Seen from the top of the hill, the city looked like a big garden. Accepted by th

4、e Party, he decided to devote his life to the cause of the Party.表原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。如：Deeply moved by the story, the excited people stopped quarrelling with each other. Encouraged by the speech, the young people made up their minds to take up the struggle. 表条件，相当于一个条件状语从句，有时过去分词前可用if等词。如：Given another

5、chance, he will do better.再给他一次机会，他会做得更好。Compared with your brother, you should make greater efforts to study English.If heated, water can be turned into steam.水如果被加热，会变成水蒸气。表让步，相当于一个though/although引导的让步状语从句。如：Exhausted by the running, they went on running after the robber.尽管已经跑得筋疲力尽，他们还是继续追赶着那个强盗。L

6、aughed at by many people, he continued his study. 尽管被许多人嘲笑，他还是继续他的研究。表方式或伴随情况。如：The old man went into the room, supported by his wife.Seated at the table, my father and I were talking about my job. 4) 过去分词作补足语：过去分词可以在see, hear, notice, watch, find, get, have, feel, make, leave, keep等词后与一名词或代词构成复合宾语，

7、用作宾语补语。如：When will you go to the hospital and have your tooth examined? 你什么时候去医院检查你的牙齿？When you are making a speech, you should speak louder to make yourself heard.当这类句子变成被动语态时，过去分词用作主语补语。如：One of the glasses was found broken. 有人发现其中一个杯子破了。They should be kept informed of the situation there. 应该让他们知道

8、那儿的形势。1. 过去分词作状语时，它的逻辑主语一般必须和句子的主语相一致。如：When asked why he came here, the boy kept silent.当那男孩被问到为何来这里时他沉默不语。Born and brought up in the countryside, he was interested in biology.由于在农村出生并长大，他对生物很感兴趣。如果过去分词的逻辑主语和句子主语不一致，必须使用过去分词的独立主格结构。2. 动词have后所接的三种宾语补语：have somebody/something do something 不定式作补语必须省去

9、to, 不定式动作由宾语发出，表示一次性的动作。如：I had the workers do the job for me. 我让工人们替我完成了工作。Jim often has his father help him with his homework. 吉姆经常让他的父亲帮助做家庭作业。have somebody /something doing something -ing分词作补语，分词动作也由宾语发出，强调动作的延续或正在进行。如：They had the tractor working all the time. 他们让拖拉机一直工作着。We wont have the child

10、 talking to his mother like that.我们不能让那孩子那样对他的妈妈说话。have somebody/something done 过去分词作补语，宾语和补足语之间有逻辑上的被动关系，通常有两种情况：主语让别人做某事，强调主语的意志。如：He had his hair cut yesterday. 他昨天理发了。主语遭到某种不幸或陷入恶劣的环境，说明宾语的一种无意识的被动行为。如：He had his leg broken in the match last month.他在上星期的比赛中摔断了腿。3. 非谓语动词的被动式作定语的三种形式：the bridge to

11、 be built 将要建造的桥 （表示将来的动作）the bridge being built 正在建造的桥 （表示正在进行的动作）the bridge built 造好的桥 （表示完成的动作）4. 过去分词和ing分词作表语的区别：过去分词作表语通常表示主语所处的状态或感受，而-ing分词作表语多表示主语所具有的特征，如：Hearing the news, we felt very surprised. The news is very surprising. 这个消息很令人惊讶。They were frightened to hear the frightening sound. 他们听

12、到那可怕的声音很害怕。At the sight of the moving scene, all the people present were moved to tears.英语中这样的分词还有很多，如：amusing, amused; encouraging, encouraged; disappointing, disappointed; exciting, excited; puzzling, puzzled; satisfying, satisfied; worrying, worried; tiring, tired; pleasing, pleased; interesting,

13、 interested; astonishing, astonished等。5. 过去分词和ing分词作定语的区别：过去分词作定语和-ing分词作定语有一定的区别。试比较下面几组短语：boiled water开水 boiling water正沸腾的水developed countries发展的国家 developing countries发展中国家fallen leaves落叶 falling leaves 正在飘落的叶子changed condition改变了的情况 changing condition变化着的情况由此可见，过去分词作定语通常表示完成的或被动的动作；而-ing分词作定语可以表

14、示正在进行的主动的动作。6用分词短语作状语时，还应注意在句子主语和分词短语之间不能使用并列连词。如： 误Not knowing what to do，so she asked her friends for advice 正Not knowing what to do，she asked her friends for advice 7、如果分词的逻辑主语和主句的主语不是同一个人或物时，就要用从句或独立主格结构代替分词短语作状语。如： As it was Sunday，the streets were especially crowded 或：It being Sunday，the stree

15、ts were especially crowded 8、同学们还要注意某些现在分词可用来表示说话人对所说的话所持的看法或态度，它们已变成固定词组，在句中作独立成分，与句子主语无关。这类现在分词常见的有： generally speaking（一般地说），strictly speaking（严格地说），judging from by（从来判断），talking of（说到），considering（考虑到），supposing（假定）等。如： Generally speaking，it is not easy for a for eigner to learn Chinese well in

16、a short time Considering everything，it wasn't abad holiday 8、分词作状语时，它的逻辑主语应和句子主语相一致。分词与主语之间如果是主动关系，就用现在分词；如果是被动关系，则用过去分词。例如：主动时态被动时态一般时态doing Done（被动的动作）进行时态doingbeing done（正在进行的被动动作）完成时态having donedone/having been done（已经完成的被动动作）Hearing the good news，we couldn't help jumping with joy（When w

17、e heard the good news，we couldn't help jumping with joy） Seen from the hills，the West Lake is very beautiful（The West Lake is very beautiful when it is seen from the hills）试题选练1. I'm going to have my car .A. to be fixed B. to fix C. fixed D. to fix 2. What's the language in Germany?A. sp

18、eaking B. spoken C. be spoken D. to speak 3. some officials, Napoleon inspected his army.A. Followed B. Followed by C. Being followed D. having been followed by4. He had his leg in the match yesterday.A. to break B. broken C. break D. breaking 5. Most of the people to the party were famous scientist

19、s.A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. inviting 6. more attention, the trees could have grown better.A. Given B. To give C. Giving D. Having given7. The murderer was brought in, with his hands behind his back.A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied8. The computer center, _last year

20、, is very popular among the students in this school.A. open B. opening C. having opened D. opened9. in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.A. Losing B. Having lost C. Lost D. To lose10. The Olympic Games, _in 776BC, didn't include women players until 1912.A. first played B. to be

21、 first played C. first playing D. to be first played11. Don't get in the rain.A. to be caught B. catching C. to catch D. caught12. I found a car in a pool by the side of the road.A. to be stuck B. stuck C. sticking D. stick13. -By the way, when did you get your bedroom ? -Last week.A. to paint B

22、. painted C. painting D. to be painted14. The children were found in the cave.A. trapping B. trapped C. to be trapped D. be trapped15. They found a old woman on the ground when the door was broken down.A. dying, lying B. dead, lied C. death, laying D. died, lain16. On a morning the little girl was f

23、ound at the corner of the street.A. freezing, freezing B. freezing, frozen C. frozen, frozen D. frozen, freezing17. No one enjoys fun of in public.A. making B. being made C. to be made D. to make18. Before he came to London, he had never heard a single English word .A. speaking B. spoken C. to be sp

24、oken D. speak19. from space, the earth, with water seventy percent of its surface, looks like a blue ball.A. Seen, covered B. Seen, covering C. Seeing, covering D. Seeing, covered 20. An crowd is awaiting the arrival of the film star.A. excited B. exciting C. excite D. excitedly21The building _ by h

25、im is under construction Ato be designed Bdesigned Cbeing designed Dto have designed 22The man _ us at the airport yesterday is going to speak to us tonight Ameeting Bto meet Cwho met Dto be meeting 23Most of the artists _ to the party were from South Africa Ainvited Bto invite Cbeing invited Dhad b

26、een invited 24The accident _ yesterday was caused by carelessness Ahappened Bhaving happened Cwhich happened Dhappening 25 _from the tallest building，the whole city looks very beautiful ASeeing BSee CSaw DSeen 26.I wont have _ such words to your parents.A. say B. to say C. saying D. said27. My hair is too long, so Id like to have it _.A. cut B. to cut C. cutting D. cutted28.When I returned home , I was surprised to find all the windows of my