人教版英语必修3-Unit4词汇讲解 -（课堂PPT）

1、1Words and Expressions 必修三必修三 Unit 42New discoveries were made in astronomy, geography and medicine.astronomer /n./ 天天文文学学家家I joined the Young Astronomers Club.astronaut /n.C/ 宇宇航航员员Yang Liwei becomes the first Chinese astronaut.3the solar system 太阳系太阳系a social system 社会制度社会制度under the new/old syste

2、m 在新在新/旧制度下旧制度下They have an alarm system in the house.他们房子里装有报警系统。他们房子里装有报警系统。4We should combine theory with practice.evolution theory 进化论进化论in theory 理论上理论上54. violent /adj./violent /adj./ 猛烈的；激烈的；猛烈的；激烈的；violently /adv./猛烈地；凶猛地猛烈地；凶猛地violence /n./暴力，暴行暴力，暴行with violence 猛烈地，强有力地猛烈地，强有力地have a viol

3、ent temper 脾气暴躁脾气暴躁takeby violence 抢夺抢夺.Whatever happens, we will never use violence.6unlikely /adj./不大可能的不大可能的likely /adj./可能的可能的It is likely that很可能很可能.be likely to do sth. 可能做某事可能做某事Unlike his father, Tom is humorous and easygoing.7be harmful to 对对有害有害harm /n./ &/v./损害，伤害损害，伤害do sb. harm/ do

4、harm to对对.有害有害There is no harm (in) doing sth. = It does no harm (for sb.) to do sth.（某人（某人)做某事无害处做某事无害处87.exist /v./ 存在，生存存在，生存exist as 作作.而生存，以而生存，以形态存在形态存在exist on 靠靠.生活生活/生存生存exist in 存在于存在于.中中There exist(s) existed.某地有某地有.;存在存在.existence /n./ 存在，生存存在，生存come into existence (= begin to exist) 产生，

5、成立产生，成立in existence 现存的，存在的现存的，存在的98. puzzle/n./ 谜，难题谜，难题 /v./ （使）迷惑（使）迷惑puzzle about /over 苦苦思索，仔细琢磨苦苦思索，仔细琢磨puzzled/adj./迷惑不解的；困惑的迷惑不解的；困惑的be/feel puzzled at/about.对对.感到迷惑感到迷惑puzzling/adj./ 令人费解的令人费解的puzzlement /n./迷惑迷惑10physics /n./物理（学）物理（学）physical /adj./ 肉体的，身体上的肉体的，身体上的physical labour 体力劳动体力劳

6、动physical change 物理变化物理变化physical science 自然科学自然科学physically /adv./ 身体上；肉体上身体上；肉体上反义：反义：metal 物质的，自然界的物质的，自然界的11(官职等官职等)废除了的废除了的; 无合法继承人的无合法继承人的 (法令等法令等)过时的过时的; 失效的失效的an extinct family 已绝嗣的家族已绝嗣的家族an extinct species 已灭绝的物种已灭绝的物种 an extinct volcano 死火山死火山 All hope was extinct. 一切希望都破灭了。一切希望都破灭了。12pul

7、l down 拆毁拆毁pull through 康复，痊愈康复，痊愈pull up 停车，停止停车，停止pull in (火车等）到站，进站；火车等）到站，进站； 驶向路边（或某处）停靠驶向路边（或某处）停靠Dont worry; your father is going to pull through.1312.exhaust/vt./ 使筋疲力尽；用完，耗尽使筋疲力尽；用完，耗尽There is no need to exhaust yourself clearing up.近义：近义：tire sb.(out) / wear out 使疲惫不堪使疲惫不堪 use up= run out

8、of 用完，用光用完，用光 give out = run out 用完，用光用完，用光 give out 筋疲力尽筋疲力尽exhausted /adj./筋疲力尽的，耗尽的筋疲力尽的，耗尽的exhausting/adj./令人筋疲力尽的令人筋疲力尽的exhaustive/adj./彻底的，全面的彻底的，全面的exhaustion/n./筋疲力尽，耗尽筋疲力尽，耗尽14in time for sb. to do sth. 来得及（做）来得及（做）.,及时（及时（做）做）on time 按时，准时按时，准时at times 有时，偶尔有时，偶尔at no time 在任何时候都不；决不在任何时候都

9、不；决不 （至于句首时，主句使用部分倒装）（至于句首时，主句使用部分倒装）in no time 立即，立刻立即，立刻at a time 依次依次15lay /vt./放置；安放；产卵，下蛋放置；安放；产卵，下蛋She laid the baby down gently on the bed.Bettys birthday party is going to be held in the living room, with a dining table already _for a meal to be cooked.A. laid B. chosen C. gotten D. hadA163.

10、 give birth to 产生，分娩；引发，造成产生，分娩；引发，造成by birth 血统上，生来，天生的血统上，生来，天生的at birth 出生时出生时bring.to birth 使使产生产生Religious differences between them gavebirth to a ar.17in turn 依次，轮流依次，轮流take turns in sth./ to do sth. 轮流做某事轮流做某事Its ones turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事轮到某人做某事You can take turns to use the computer.18lpre

11、vent sb.( from) doing sth. = stop sb.( from) doing sth. 在主动语态中在主动语态中from 可以省略，而在被动语态可以省略，而在被动语态中中from 不可以省略。不可以省略。keep sb. from doing sth. 中的中的from 无论在主动语无论在主动语态中还是在被动语态中都不可以省略。态中还是在被动语态中都不可以省略。protect.from.表示表示“保护保护.不受不受.损害损害”from后接能带来伤害或损害之物。后接能带来伤害或损害之物。19cheer (sb./sth.) up （使）感到高兴；（使）感到高兴； （使）感

12、到振奋（使）感到振奋cheer sb. on 为某人加油为某人加油cheers!干杯！干杯！Cheer up! We are near the finishing line.20课文原句：“Oh dear,”walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed.”now that 引引导导原原因因状状语语，在在口口语语中中可可以以省省略略that.与与now that 意意思思相相近近的的有有seeing that, since 等等。就就像像although/though不不能能与与but连连用用，because 不

13、不能能与与so连连用用一一样样，当当now that 引引导导的的从从句句表表示示原原因因时时，主主句句前前不不能能加加so.21辨析辨析now that/because/ since/as/fornow that 说明已经成为事实的原因说明已经成为事实的原因.because 语气最强，回答是用语气最强，回答是用why提问的问句，提问的问句，表示直接的或为人所不知的原因。表示直接的或为人所不知的原因。since表示间接附带的众所周知的原因，意为表示间接附带的众所周知的原因，意为 “既然既然”，常放在句首。，常放在句首。as 表示一种明显的、已知的理由，意为表示一种明显的、已知的理由，意为“由于

14、由于”for 是并列连词，用来补充说明理由或提供一种是并列连词，用来补充说明理由或提供一种解释，不一定是真正的原因，不能放在主句前解释，不一定是真正的原因，不能放在主句前面。面。22l注意：引导原因状语的介词短语：注意：引导原因状语的介词短语：due to, thanks to, because of , as a result of , owning to, on account of 等。等。Now (that) you have mentioned it, Ill keep it in mind.23得知得知的窍门；熟悉某物的用法；的窍门；熟悉某物的用法；理解某事理解某事Typing i

15、s easy once you get the hang of it.24The fire broke out last night in his neighbours further.break into 强行进入某处强行进入某处break in 强行进入强行进入break down 停止运转；失败；垮掉停止运转；失败；垮掉break up 解散，分解解散，分解break through 取得突破取得突破25Watch out! There is a car coming. 小心！有车来了。小心！有车来了。拓展：拓展：watch over 照顾；监督；保护照顾；监督；保护keep a wat

16、ch 守望，注视守望，注视be under a close watch 被严密监视被严密监视26Black clouds blocked out the sun.The memory was so terrible that she tried toblock it out.拓展拓展block off （用路障）封锁，堵住（用路障）封锁，堵住block up 塞住，封住（孔、洞）塞住，封住（孔、洞）block ones way 挡住某人的去路挡住某人的去路block sth. in/ out 草拟；画草拟；画.的简略图的简略图2712. depend on/upon依赖，依靠；取决于依赖，依靠

17、；取决于The poor man depends on his son to earn money.依靠某人做某事依靠某人做某事depend on/upon sb. to do sth. depend on/upon ones doing sth. That/ It (all) depends. 依情况而定。依情况而定。281. “so. . . that”句型句型The earth _(变得如此猛烈变得如此猛烈以至于以至于)it was not clear whether the shape would last or not. 2. “make it possible to do sth.

18、 ”结构结构This produced a chain reaction, which _(使生命的生使生命的生长发育成为一种可能长发育成为一种可能). became so violent thatmake it possible for life to develop293. “倍数倍数+as+adj. /adv. +as”句型句型But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried _(是地球上是地球上的两倍远的两倍远)and fell over. 4. now that引导的原因状语从句引导的原因状语从句Walking does

19、need a bit of practice_(既然地球引力已既然地球引力已发生了变化发生了变化). twice as for as on the earthnow that the gravity has changed30. 5.This produced a chain reaction, which 5.This produced a chain reaction, which made it made it possiblepossible for life to develop. for life to develop. 这就产生了一系列的反应这就产生了一系列的反应, 使得生命得以发展了。使得生命得以发展了。 make+宾语宾语+宾语补足语宾语补足