chp8 中止英国诉讼及禁止外国诉讼程序

1、第八章中止英国诉讼与禁止外国诉讼程序 本章首先阐述了英国法院中止英国法院诉讼的一般原则，重点详细地讨论了非方便法院原则的含义、适用该原则的一般标准、中止诉讼时应特别考虑的因素、对非方便法院原则的批评；其次 阐述了英国法院宣布禁止外国诉讼程序禁令的条件。中止英国诉讼程序。本节首先阐述了中止英国法院诉讼的一般原则即非方便法院原则的含义及其在英国法中的确立，英国法院应如何看待当事人挑选法院。通过一系列案例详尽地阐释了英国法院在什么条件下会中止在英国的诉讼，其中具有里程碑意义的是1986年的斯皮里达案，在中止英国诉讼和向境外送达方面，该案真正适当地提出了确定方便法院的权威性的指导原则。其次，讨论了在中

2、止诉讼时应特别予以考虑的三个因素，即平行诉讼，案件适用的准据法，管辖权协议与仲裁协议。对非方便法院原则的批评。本节主要指出对该原则的批评主要集中在该原则是建立在法官自由裁量的基础上，特别是法官在衡量各种因素以确定法院是否方便时绝非易事。限制外国的诉讼程序。本节指出，英国法院并不能限制外国法院审理某一案件，但可以限制一方当事人在外国法院提起或继续进行诉讼，从而达到限制外国诉讼的目的。限制外国诉讼是通过“禁诉令”和使用藐视法庭程序而实现的。本节通过一系列案例重点阐释了颁布禁诉令所必须具备的条件。服从英国的管辖：在境外提起的诉讼。本节指出，如果一方当事人不顾已将争议提交英国法院审理或在英国仲裁的合同

3、约定，而在外国提起诉讼，与当事人之间没有任何约定的情况相比，英国法院更有可能限制外国的诉讼。本章关键词本章关键词 forum non conveniens，forum shop，forum shopping，the most real and substantial connection，competent jurisdiction，alternative forum，exclusive jurisdiction clause，concurrent proceedings，lis alibi pendens，anti-suit injunction，jurisdiction clause，ar

4、bitration clause，pre-trial discovery，examination of witnesses冲突法专业英语forum non conveniens 非方便法院非方便法院Spiliada Maritime Corporation v. Cansulex Ltd 斯皮里达海运公司斯皮里达海运公司诉坎萨莱克斯有限公司。诉坎萨莱克斯有限公司。forum shopping 挑选法院挑选法院international litigation 国际诉讼国际诉讼disclosure of evidence 证据开示证据开示sister ship 姊妹船，是指同属一个船东所有的两条或

5、数条船。姊妹船，是指同属一个船东所有的两条或数条船。bare majority 微弱多数微弱多数 exorbitant jurisdictional rules 过分的管辖权规则过分的管辖权规则the forum with the most real and substantial connection with the case 与案件有最真实与最实质的联系的法院与案件有最真实与最实质的联系的法院chauvinism 沙文主义沙文主义 competent jurisdiction 合格的管辖权合格的管辖权alternative forum 替代法院替代法院exclusive jurisdic

6、tion clause 排他性管辖权条款排他性管辖权条款time-bar 时间限制时间限制concurrent proceedings 平行诉讼平行诉讼lis alibi pendens 平行诉讼，诉讼在另案进行平行诉讼，诉讼在另案进行shareholders 股东股东Insolvency Act 1986 1986年破产法年破产法products liability 产品责任产品责任punitive damages 惩罚性损害赔偿，超过实际损失的赔偿。惩罚性损害赔偿，超过实际损失的赔偿。insurance policy 保险单保险单express choice of law 明示的法律选择明

7、示的法律选择parent companies 母公司母公司legal aid 法律援助法律援助conditional fee arrangements 附条件酬金协议。附条件酬金协议。personal injury 人身伤害人身伤害contingency fee arrangements 风险代理协议风险代理协议。group action 集团诉讼集团诉讼duplication of proceedings 重复诉讼重复诉讼冲突法专业英语anti-suit injunction 禁诉令禁诉令expert testimony 专家证明专家证明jurisdiction clause 管辖权条款管辖

8、权条款arbitration clause 仲裁条款仲裁条款in contravention of 违反违反non-exclusive jurisdiction 非排他的管辖权非排他的管辖权carriage of goods by sea 海上货物运输海上货物运输cargo carriers 货物承运人货物承运人bills of lading 提单提单court seised 受案法院受案法院appellate courts 上诉法庭上诉法庭substantial justice 实质正义实质正义contempt of court 藐视法庭藐视法庭summary judgment 简易判决简易

9、判决，指未经陪审团听审而作的判决。，指未经陪审团听审而作的判决。conflicting judgments 相互矛盾的判决相互矛盾的判决vexatious or oppressive 令人烦恼或让人难以忍受的令人烦恼或让人难以忍受的冲突法专业英语SNIA v. Lee Kui Jak SNIA诉李奎杰克，是英国有关限制外国法院诉讼的诉李奎杰克，是英国有关限制外国法院诉讼的著名案件。著名案件。respondents 被上诉人被上诉人 appellant 上诉人上诉人faulty design and manufacture 有缺陷的设计与制造有缺陷的设计与制造pre-trial discover

10、y 审前发现程序（也译为审前开示程序）审前发现程序（也译为审前开示程序）。examination of witnesses 质证质证natural forum 自然法院，适当的法院自然法院，适当的法院Airbus Industrie Gie v. Patel 空中客车公司诉帕特尔空中客车公司诉帕特尔foreign money judgment 外国金钱判决外国金钱判决Anti-Trust Law 反垄断法反垄断法liquidator 清算人清算人treble damages 三倍损害赔偿三倍损害赔偿Secretary of State 国务大臣国务大臣Protection of Trading

11、 Interests Act 1980 1980年保护贸易利益法年保护贸易利益法lifted 取消取消serious reservations 严格保留严格保留risk of inconsistent judgments 判决不一致的风险判决不一致的风险sovereignty 主权主权 冲突法专业英语 The English court has an inherent power, which is contained also in the Supreme Court 1981, section 49(3), to stay any action which is frivolous(轻佻的

12、) or vexatious(伤脑筋的) or otherwise an abuse of the process of the court. It also has the power to restrain, by injunction, persons subject to its jurisdiction from instituting or continuing proceedings in foreign courts. The power of the court to grant injunctions generally is to be found in section

13、37(1) of the same Act.1. Staying of English actions 1. General principles Until relatively recent times, the courts denied that English law contained any general doctrine of forum non conveniens, by virtue of which a court will decline to exercise the jurisdiction it possesses because it is not the

14、most suitable court to hear the case but some foreign court is. But the law on this matter underwent considerable development after 1972 when a process of liberalisation set in. For some time , the principles upon which a court should exercise its discretion to stay or not to stay an action in favou

15、r of a foreign court were a matter of considerable doubt and it was not until 1986 that the courts adopted coherent guidelines. Then, in Spiliada Maritime Corporation v. Cansulex Ltd, the House of Lords introduced some order into the confusion which it had itself generated in the first place. The Sp

16、iliada laid down the basic principle that English proceedings may be stayed where there is another clearly more appropriate forum for trial of the action in which justice can be done. The onus is on the defendant to prove that this is the case as the claimant should not be deprived of the advantage

17、of proceedings here merely on the balance of convenience.The Abidin Daver case A Cuban vessel was in collision with a Turkish vessel in the Bosphorus within Turkish waters. An action was started by the Turkish owners in the Turkish court in Istanbul. The Cuban owners began an action in rem in the En

18、glish Admiralty Court. The Turkish owners asked for a stay of this action. The Court of Appeal, reversing the judge at first instance, refused the stay. The House of Lords restored the judges order. The Turkish court was the natural and more appropriate forum. It was the forum with most real and sub

19、stantial connection with case.De Dampierre v. De DampierreA husband and wife, both French nationals, had married in France and moved to London where the wife had a child. The husband bought them a home in London, but soon the wife established a business in New York. She took the child there and seve

20、red her tenuous connection with England. The marriage foundered. The husband sought a divorce in France, the wife petitioned in England.The domicile and Matrimonial proceedings Act 1973 provides that the court can stay the English proceedings when proceedings are also brought abroad, if it appears t

21、hat the balance of fairness(including convenience) between the parties to the marriage is such that it is appropriate for foreign proceedings to be disposed of before further steps are taken in the Englishproceedings.The wifes proceedings were stayed. France was the natural forum and she could get a

22、ll the redress she was entitled to by French law in the French courts. 2. Special factors Three factors need special attention. These are the weight to be attached to : (a) proceedings existing abroad between the parties. 平行诉讼 (b) the applicable law, and (c) jurisdiction and arbitration agreements.

23、3. lis alibi pendens（重复诉讼） There are particular problems when proceedings between the parties are taking place in another country. These may have been started by the defendant or the claimant, or even a third party in a complex multiparty action. Duplication of proceedings can often be unfair to bot

24、h parties. Each party may be subject to two sets of costs, and the time and trouble necessary to conduct two proceedings is unnecessary. 4. Applicable law The applicable law can be seen as an important factor in locating the forum conveniens. 5. Jurisdiction and arbitration agreement Jurisdiction clause are a relatively commo