2020年下半年教师资格证高中英语真题及解析

1、高中英语学科知识与教学能力2020 年下半年真题注意事项：1. 考试时间为 120 分钟，满分为 150 分。2. 请按规定在答题卡上填涂、作答。在试卷上作答无效，不予评分。一、单项选择题（本大题共 30 小题，每小题 2 分，共 60 分）1. /s/ and /z/ can be distinguished by the.A. place of articulationB. state of tongueC. state of vocal cordsD. manner of articulation【答案】C【解析】本题考查语音学。/s/和/z/按发音方式为摩擦音，按发音部位为齿龈音，只有

2、按照发音时声带是否震动判断，/s/为清辅音，/z/为浊辅音。故本题选 C。2. The word “realization" consists ofsyllables andmorpheme.17A. five; fiveC. four; three【答案】C【解析】本题考查音系学。B. five; fourD. four; fourrealization 的音标为/ri:l'zen/ 根据元音音素进行划分，可分为4 个音节；realization 进行词素划分，可分为 real，-ize,-tion 三个词素。故本题选 C。3. Which of the following

3、 is least associated with newspaper publishing?A. proofreadingB. editorialC. censorshipD. citizenship【答案】D【解析】本题考查语义学。题干为：以下哪个与报纸印刷关系最弱? proofreading 意为“校对”；editorial 意为“编辑的；主编”；censorship 意为“审查制度；审查机构”；citizenship 意为“公民身份；公民资格”， 由语义可以进行区分，只有 D 项 citizenship 和报纸印刷的关系最弱。故本题选 D。4. Which of the followi

4、ng best describes the relation between "piece” and "peace”?A. synonymyB. homonymyC. antonymy【答案】B【解析】本题考查语义学。D. hyponymy“piece”和“peace”在发音是相同，但词性和含义均不同，属于同音异形异义词。synonymy 意为“同义关系”；homonymy 意为“同音异义”；antonymy 意为“反义关系”；hyponymy 意为“上下义关系”，故本题选 B。5. She was not impressed by the story Paul share

5、d with her, for she had already heard of it.A. in the leastB. at the mostC. least of allD. for the most【答案】A【解析】本题考查介词短语辨析。句意：她一点也没有被 Paul 分享的故事打动，因为她已经听过一次了。in the least 意为“一点；丝毫”；at the most 意为“至多；不超过”；least of all 意为“最不，尤其”；for the most 意为“对大多数”；根据句意，可知 in the least“一点；丝毫”符合句意，故本题选 A。6. Without f

6、acts, we can't form worthwhile opinions, for we need to have factual knowledge our thinking.A. which to be based uponB. upon which to baseC. which to base uponD. upon which to be based【答案】B【解析】本题考查动词不定式。句意：没有事实，我们就不能形成有价值的观点，因为我们的思考必须以真实的知识为基础。upon which to base our thinking 是动词不定式短语作定语，短语中介词必须放

7、在 which 前。故本题选 B。7. It's true that water will continue to beit is todayin importance to oxygen.A. howB. whichC.as【答案】D【解析】本题考查表语从句。D. what句意：水将继续和它现在一样，像氧气一样重要，这是真实的。设空处为be 动词之后的表语从句，从句中缺少表语，意为“什么”，应使用 what。故本题选 D。8. He is helpless under such circumstances,.A. however brilliant a mind he may hav

8、eB. however a brilliant mind he may haveC. however brilliant a mind may he haveD. However a brilliant mind may he have【答案】A【解析】本题考查让步状语从句。句意：在这种情形下他是无助的，无论他有多么聪明的头脑。However= no matter how， 感叹句式 how+形容词+a/an +单数名词，应为 how brilliant a mind, 该句中不需要倒装。故本题选 A。9. Which of following refers to "the part

9、 of input that has been internalized by learners”?A. feedbackC. Intake【答案】C.B outputD. washback【解析】本题考查语言观及语言学习观。学习者内化的部分是指学习者先学习新知识，再建构于原有知识框架中。故本题选C。10. Which of the following describes the language of an individual speaker with its unique characteristics?A. IdiolectB. TabooC. Regional dialectD. S

10、ocial dialect【答案】A【解析】本题考查语言学。描述个体说话带有个人特色的是个 人习语。idiolect 意为“个人习语，个人语言”；taboo 意为“禁 忌；忌讳”；reginal dialect 意为“地区方言”；social dialect 意为“社会方言；社会习惯于”，根据题意，可知为 idiolect。 故本题选 A。11. What role does he/she play when a teacher explains the purpose of a task, the steps to do it and its time limit?A. An organiz

11、er.B. An observerC. An evaluatorD. A prompter【答案】A【解析】本题考查教师角色。题干中教师向学生说明任务目的，步骤和时间限制等，体现教师在组织课堂活动，应为组织者。故本题选 A。12. What does he/she intend to do when a teacher writes the following sentences “She gets upearly. She wears a uniform. She works very hard.” on the blackboard at the presentation stage?A.

12、 Practice sentence patterns using model sentences.B. Check if students can pronounce the sentences correctly.C. Monitor whether students can accurately express their ideas.D. Draw students' attention to the form of a new language item.【答案】D【解析】本题考查语法教学。题干中教师给出的句子中，用下划线标出了句子中的第三人称单数形式，为的是引起学生关注第三

13、人称单数形式的新知识点。故本题选D。13. What skill does he/she use when a student uses language knowledge and contextual clues to figure out the meaning of a new word?A. Contrasting.B. SummarizingC. Deducing【答案】C【解析】本题考查词汇教学。D. Predicting学生借助上下文语境理解新词汇属于学生推断，推导。contrasting 意为“对比；对照”；summarizing 意为“总结”；deducing 意为“推导；

14、推论”；predicting 意为“预测”。故本题选C。14. Supplementing, deleting, simplifying and reordering are often used in.A. adapting teaching materialsB. delivering teaching materialsC. evaluating teaching materialsD. presenting teaching materials【答案】A【解析】本题考查教学设计。增补、删减、简化及调整顺序常用于调整教学材料中。故本题选A。15. Which of the followi

15、ng is least recommended at the lead-in stage in a reading class?A. Activating students' schema of the topic.B. Giving advice on how to use reading strategies.C. Sharing background information about the text.D. Correcting language mistakes students have made.【答案】D【解析】本题考查导入。题干中指出在阅读课中最不推荐的导入是，A 项

16、“激活学生已有知识”；B 项“就如何使用阅读技巧提出建议”；C 项“分享课文相关的背景知识”；D 项“纠正学生犯的错误”；A，B， C 项均适合阅读课导入。故本题选D。16. Which of the following best describes the phenomenon that learners apply the skills acquired in one field to another?A. TransferB. DeductionC. ContextualizationD. Induction【答案】A【解析】本题考查课堂教学技能。题干中指出“学习者将所学技巧运用于其他内

17、容”属于知识迁移。transfer 意为“转移；迁移”；deduction 意为“推导；推断”；contextualization 意为“情景化”；induction 意为“归纳”； 故本题选 A。17. If the focus is placed on, students are supposed to go through the stages of drafting, receiving feedback, and revising before submitting the final version of their writing.A. ProductB. processD. f

18、ormatC. genre【答案】B【解析】本题考查中学写作教学。在强调写作过程的时候，学生需要经历初稿、收到反馈、修订，并最终交定稿的过程。故本题选 B。18. What would he/she do in a reading class if a teacher wants to develop students' inferential comprehension?A. Ask them to retell the story.B. Ask them to underline difficult sentences.C. Ask them to read the text se

19、ntence by sentence.D. Ask them to read the text for implied meaning.【答案】D【解析】本题考查中学阅读教学。题干中指出教师想要发展学生推理能力，可以采取的措施。A 项“让学生复述故事”；B 项“划出长难句”；C 项“让学生逐句读课文”；D 项“让学生读文章内涵的意思”，分析题目和选项。故本题选 D。19. Which of the following activities can be used if the focus is on developing students' oral fluency in Englis

20、h?A. Blank-filling.B. Story-telling.C. Transformation.D. Translation.【答案】B【解析】本题考查口语教学。题干中指出发展学生英语口语的活动，blank-filling 意为“填空”；story-telling 意为“讲故事”；transformation 意为“转换；变换 ”；translation 意为“翻译”，适合于口语练习的是story-telling。故本题选 B。20. What is the focus when a teacher says to the class" Rewrite each of t

21、he following sentences using the passive voice.”?A. SkillC. Structure【答案】C【解析】本题考查语法教学。B. MeaningD. Function题干中指出教师让学生将句子改写为被动语态，skill 意为“技巧”；meaning 意为“含义”；structure 意为“结构”；function 意为“功能”，进行句子改写属于“结构”练习。故本题选 C。请阅读 Passage1, 完成第 2125 小题。Passage 1I have personally come to understand that “empowermen

22、t” is not a lesson that can be thought by way of textbooks or lectures, projects or field trips, and not even by way of principles and inspirational teaching. It must be taught by personal examples.When we ask our students who come from disadvantaged backgrounds, or those, who face apersonal lifesty

23、le this in direct conflict to the principles that we teach, we have to be willing to show them how to overcomer, how to make the transition from one state of being into the next, how to be empowered. We must make the lesson of empowerment come to life, in a real, up-dose and personal way. And the on

24、ly way this can be done is when we al low ourselves to become living examples of what we teach.Preparatory school for Global Leadership (PSCL) is a school that I started because I believed that I had method, a way of teaching and learning that would empower the urban disadvantaged child. But as l si

25、t back and think about it now, PSGL was a school that I started so that I would showcase empowerment to a group of students (and stuff) who needed a real life, example of how to grow beyond one' s current circumstance.When l reflect on my journey of starting the school, I realize that every step

26、 along the way was personally teaching about empowerment. It is one thing to teach it, but it is another to live it. Unless we experience empowerment on a personal level, we can not help students learn it, circumvent obstacles as they arise and develop and employ the new skills needed to function to

27、 be empowered.How can we get in the face of a student and push him to a place that is foreign and scary, asking him to become greater than his environment? We can't, why? Because we do not know what it lacks like, we do not know what it feels like. Our role as a teacher becomes technical, causin

28、g us to miss out on the spirit of truly good teaching, where one teaches with relevancy, authenticity and experience.When I look at the faces of these students, I know that my process of starting the school was for them. When I became what I taught, when I empowered myself in spaces where there was

29、no one there to empower me, when I chose to succeed without excuses, I became a living lesson.These students saw me and our staff as extensions of the lessons we were trying to teach. Our lives, not by our perfection, but by our effort, showed students how to apply what we taught.21. Which of the fo

30、llowing can be regarded as a necessary condition for teachers to empower their students?A. Having been successful in empowering students.B. Possessing the expertise in the subject they teach.C. Having received adequate training on empowerment.D. Being able to integrate personal experiences into thei

31、r teaching.22. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?A. Only children from disadvantaged background need to be empowered.B. The author is able to empower herself when faced with difficulties.C. Teachers with personal experience of empowerment cannot teach.D. The author does not pra

32、ctice what she advocates in her own life.23. Which of the following is true about the Preparatory School for Global Leadership?A. It is the most renowned of its kind in the world.B. Its graduates are well received by their employers.C. Its staff are unwilling to empower themselves as living examples

33、.D It aims at empowering trainees to grow beyond their circumstances.24. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word "circumvent” inParagraph 4?A. Overcome.B. Encounter.C. Move around.D. Take away.25. Why does the author highly value a teacher's experience of empower

34、ment in teaching?A. To enable students to learn and use new skills.B. To turn teaching technical with dogmatic lectures.C. To make teaching relevant, authentic, and convincing.D. To extend and perfect his professional career as a teacher. 21.【答案】D【解析】细节理解题。本题可定位到第四段第三句除非我们自己体验“empowerment”，否则我们无法帮助学

35、生学习，所以对老师来说，首先需要自己亲身体验才能更好得教学生。故本题选 D。22. 【答案】B【解析】推理判断题。B 项正确，从全文可看出，作者同意老师需要亲身经历才可以使教学更有说服力，而作者自己也是这么做的；A 项中的 0nly 太过绝对，文中只说 “我”问来自 disadvantaged background 的小孩，而不是只有这一类小孩才需要，A 项错误；C 项的观点与全文观点相反， 根据第五段可知 C 项错误；D 项和 B 项相反，D 项错误。故本题选 B。23. 【答案】D【解析】推理判断题。本题可定位到第三段。整个第三段都是对Preparatory School for Glob

36、al Leadership 的介绍。A 项和 B 项在第三段中并未涉及，C 项中的 unwilling 和该段所表达的想法相反，D 项正确，可定位到第三段最后一句。故本题选D。24. 【答案】A【解析】词义猜测题。本题可定位到第四段第三句。该句所表达的含义为：只有老师自 己有亲身体验，才可以帮助学生学习，问题，然后开发和运用技能。根据分析和选项含义可确定答案为 A。故本题选 A。25. 【答案】C【解析】推理判断题。本题可定位到第五段。C 项中的三个形容词和第五段最后一句中的三个名词相对应。故本题选 C。请阅读 Passage2，完成第 2630 小题。Passage 2Cats have t

37、he widest hearing range of nearly any mammal” not only can they perceive sound in what we define as the "ultrasonic" range, they can also appreciate all the bass Dr Dre can throw at them. They can swivel their whiskers forwards while hunting to provide a kind of short-range radar. And they

38、 can see exceptionally well in the dark thanks to a reflective surface behind the retina that bounces light back, giving it a second chance to hit a photoreceptor. They see more distinct images per second than we do.Dog partisans will appeal to the dog' s allegedly superior intelligence though i

39、f that werethe primary criterion for choosing a pet, one would expect to see a lot more crows and squid on leads around town. In fact, cats are rather cleverer than commonly assumed, as the biologist and animal-behaviour expert John Bradshaw shows in his new book. They can even be trained to an exte

40、nt which was news to me Bradshaw' s book mixes pellets of cat lore with accounts of feline evolution, anatomy, genetics and development from newborn kitten to adulthood, plus descriptions of cat-psychology experiments in the laboratory, many of which he has conducted himself. Some of the most in

41、teresting parts indicate holes in our current scientific knowledge. "Many mother cats try to move their litters at least once before they wean them,” he observes ," but science has yet to find out why". No one knows why cats go crazy for catnip, nor why they are able “to classifyshape

42、s according to whether they are closed or open.” Kittens, meanwhile, "may alsouse specialmovements of their tails to signal playfulness, but so far no scientist has been able to decode these". As far as potential research projects go, decoding the tail-language of playing kittens must be a

43、bout the interesting unsolved problem in science.The cat is an apparently phlegmatic beast, but Bradshaw points out that cats experience strong emotions, and sometimes might be suffering in silence. They aren't particularly sociable, and cats who are housed with others who weren't litter-mat

44、es - perhaps by well-meaning owners who think they need the company can become chronically stressed.Luckily, then, cats probably aren't aware that today they are once again hate-figures, the furry target of spittle-spraying ecologists who, armed with dodgy statistics, accuse cats of wildly "

45、;murdering" all the country's songbirds. It's a bitmore complicated than that, Bradshaw shows. Ratsalsokillsongbirds, andcatskeeptheirnumbers down;whilethe RSPBsays the disappearance of habitat is a far more important factor in the decline of songbird populations than predator numbers.

46、But we could at least, Bradshaw suggests, reverse the counterproductive selection pressure we currently exert on the domestic cat when we neuter house cats before they reproduce. This means, he explains, that the "friendliest, most docile” cats are prevented from leaving any descendants, while

47、wild cats which are more suspicious of humans and better at hunting will leave more offspring. Unintentionally, we are causing cats to evolve into animals society won't like as much.Cat-haters probably won't appreciate this book, but anyone else might. It is written in a friendly and engagin

48、g way, has helpful tips for cat owners, and is packed with excellent cat facts. Why, you might have wondered, do cats get stuck up trees? Because all their claws face forwards, so none can be used as brakes on the descent. We all know how good cats are at twisting mid-air to land on their feet, but

49、they have an even more impressive trick: some cats ado a "parachute" position during a long fall, with all four legs stuck out to the side, before coming back to the landing position at the last moment. This cat-parachute pose, Bradshaw calculates," limits the falling speed to a maxim

50、um of fifty-three miles an hour” so enabling some cats to fall from high-rise buildings and walk away unhurt. l' d like to see a dog try that.26. What can be inferred about cats from Bradshaw's research?A. Cats' whiskers can aid them to confuse preys.B. Cats can detect sounds far away fr

51、om them.C. Cats can process images better than we do.D. Cats' intelligence has been underestimated.27. According to Paragraph 3, which of the following constitutes a potential research topic?A. Doing cat-psychology experiments.B. Decoding playing kittens' tail-language.C. Discovering why cat

52、s can classify shapes.D. Investigating why cats go crazy for catnip.28. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word “phlegmatic” inParagraph 4?A. Lonely.B. EmotionalC. SullenD. Calm29. For what reason did the ecologists accuse cats?A. Reproducing more offspring.B. Destroying

53、songbirds' habitat.C. Killing the country's songbirds.D. Being suspicious of human beings30. According to the author, what is most impressive about cats during a long fall in Bradshaw's writing?A. Cats can be trained to land safely.B. Cats tend to use their claws as brakes.C. Some cats c

54、an adopt a "parachute" position.D. Most cats are good at playing tricks in mid-air. 26.【答案】C【解析】推理判断题。前三项可定位到第一段。A 项在原文中的意思是“它们可以在打猎时把胡须向前旋转，以提供一种短程雷达”；B 项意为“猫可以探测到距离很远的声音”， 原文的表述是猫可以听到人类听不到的声音，没说距离远近，B 项错误；C 项正确，根据第一段最后一句可得出答案；D 项错误，没有说到猫的智商。故本题选C。27. 【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。本题可定位到第三段。另外三项在本段也有涉及，

55、但根据最后一段可知 B 项正确。故本题选 B。28. 【答案】D【解析】词义猜测题。本题可定位到第四段第一句。该句中的but 和 strong emotions 是解题点，but 表示转折关系，所以可猜测phlegmatic 的词义和 strong emotions 相反，A 项意为“孤独的”；B 项意为“感情冲动的”，和 strong emotions 同义；C 项意为“闷闷不乐的”；D 项意为“冷静的”。结合选项，可确定答案为 D。故本题选 D。29. 【答案】B【解析】推理判断题。本题可定位到第五段第三句。老鼠也会杀死鸣禽，猫也会减少它 们的数量;皇家鸟类保护协会表示，栖息地的消失是导致

56、鸣禽数量下降的一个更重要的因素， 而不是捕食者的数量。所以可知，songbird 的栖息地的消失才是猫受谴责最重要的原因。故本题选 B。30. 【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。本题可定位到最后一段第五句。猫在下降时会采取“降落伞”的姿势，所以从很高的楼上掉下来也不会伤到。故本题选C。二、简答题（本大题 1 小题，20 分）根据题目要求完成下列任务，用中文作答。31. 简述进行短文听写（dictation）的目的（6 分）与三个基本步骤（6 分）。写出短文听写的一个优点（4 分）和一个缺点（4 分）。【参考答案】（1） 短文听写是一种有效听力训练方式，能够帮助学生扩充词汇量，提高拼写、句法 、听力

57、、理解、记笔记和一定的书面表达等多方面的技能，是一种兼顾语言输入与输出的训 练方式。（2） 短文听写的三个基本步骤听前预测如果是听写填空，第一步:快速浏览材料，了解大意，预测内容浏览材料时，尤其要关注所给材料的首尾部分以及空格前后的部分，要确定空格要求填写单词的词性、单复数以及时态语态 ;根据上下文推测要填单词的可能词义;根据上下文及短文主题推测句子可能陈述的内容。听中速记通常，短文听写会引导学生听2-3 遍录音，听第一遍录音时，切忌急于完整地填写每个空格。这一遍的主要任务主要是理清文章的脉络。可以适当做点简单的记录，单词可采用缩写或只记录开头字母。 注意以听为主， 从整体上把握句子含义的前提下，适当记录关键词，一般三、四个单词即可，且不可贪多而影响了对句子含义的理解，甚至影响对后面句子的听写。听第二遍录音时，要尽量使用缩略词进行记录，长的词语可以先写个头，对于不重要的冠词、介词等能省则省，争取把重要的信息都抓住。听第三遍录音时，重点放在空格部分。一方面要对所填内容进行仔细核听;另一方面 要重点关注没有听懂或不是很有把握的地方，尽量补全没有写出的内容。听