高中英语Module5Unit2Newwordsandexpressions知识精讲牛津版必修5

1、用心 爱心 专心1Module 5 Unit 2 New words and expressionsPart 1 Words from page 22 to 251.debatedebate 既可用作名词，又可用作动词，意为“辩论，争辩，争论”。用作名词时有如下用法：After a long debate David was chose n capta in of our school football team.The proposal un der debate was put forward by our mon itor.用作动词时，过去式和过去分词分别是debated, debate

2、d;现在分词为 debating。常构成短语 debate about sth. with sb.意为“与某人争论某事”等。举例如下：What are they debati ng about?They were debating whether to go to the mountains or to the seaside for their holidays?Before we make a final decision, we must debate the question with the rest of the members.We debated for more tha n

3、an hour on the adva ntages and disadva ntages of that pla n to protect our en vironment.名词 debater 的意思是辩论者2.laylay 在本单元是用作动词，意思有“产卵，下蛋，放置，摆放”等。其过去式、过去分词分别为laid，laid， 现在分词是 laying。lay 的主要用法有：How many eggs does the hen lay each week?New laid eggs, one dollar each doze n.She laid her hand on my shoulde

4、r.Please lay dow n your pens and just liste n to me carefully.I carefully laid my new jacket on the bed.Then both sides started laying the blame on each other.Why don you lay that problem aside for a while and think about it later?He was willing to lay down his life for his country.lay 构成的词组Please l

5、ay the table for dinner.摆设餐具(2) The couple laid aside some money for their old age. 储蓄(3) The preside nt laid great emphasis on would peace. 放重点在.上(4) Don lay all the blame for the accident on_me. 归罪于(5) Some workers were laid off because of a shortage of materials. 暂时解雇注意 lay 与 lie 的区别。lie 有两种意思，一是

6、“说谎”，过去式、过去分词分别为lied, lied;现在分词是 lying;二是“位于，躺”，过去式、过去分词分别为lay, lain ;现在分词是 lying。Please lay the book where it lay.(2)The little boy lied that he had laid theegg laid by the hen lyingunder the tree in the box.3.approachapproach 既可用作及物动词，又可用作不及物动词，意为“接近，靠近”，分别可指距离上、时间上，或某种状态上的接近。如：The little boy appr

7、oached the mouse quietly and watched it.As summer approached, the weather became hotter and hotter.His work is approach ing perfect ion.He is rather difficult to approach. = Its not easy to get on friendly terms with him.approach 也可用作名词，指“接近，渐近”或“(人)易、难亲近”。如：The birds flew away in all direct ions at

8、 my approach.The approach of the exam in ati on made him n ervous.My class teacher is easy of approach.4.ben eficialbeneficial 是形容词，意为“有益的，有利的，有帮助的”，是正式用语。常构成短语“be beneficial to”， 意为“对有帮助的”，如：Eno ugh sleep, good food and some exercise are ben eficial to the health.I hope this holiday will be ben efi

9、cial for my husba nd, who is un der high pressure of work.beneficial 的名词和动词都是benefit。作为名词时，意为“利益，帮助，恩惠，益处”，常构成短语 beof benefit to,意为“对.有裨益”；以及 for the benefit of,意为“为了.的利用”，用法如下:I got a lot of ben efit from traveli ng around the world.These collected money will be used for the ben efit of the people

10、from flood-stricke n areas.benefit 既可用作及物动词，又可作不及物动词，意为“有益于；对.有益，因.得到利益”。如：The project for environmen tal protecti on will ben efit us eno rmously.I benefited a lot from my teacher duct ionproduction 作不可数名词时，意为“生产，产出，产量，生产量”。如：The compa ny is famous for the product ion of mobile phon es.

11、Production has been increased by using better methods.This type of cars is produced in mass production.用心 爱心 专心2production 的动词是 produce，意为生产”；形容词是productive”，意为多产的”；另外一个名 词是可数名词 product，意为产品，生产物”，如：What are the chief farm products in your province?6.responsibilityresponsibility 是不可数名词，意为“责任，职责，负责” ，

12、如：He don t have a sense of responsibility, so he isn t popular with his classmates.He tried to avoid taking responsibility for the accident.It is the responsibility of every of us to protect our environment.responsible 是形容词，意为有责任的，应负责任的”，如：Parents are responsible for their children s safety.Who is r

13、esponsible for the mess in the classroom?Isn the too young for such a responsible job?7.effectiveeffective 是形容词，意为“有效的” ，如：The local government has already taken some effective measure to develop the city without damaging theecosystem.This medicine is highly effective against bird-flu.The new law be

14、comes effective on October 1st.effective 的比较级和最高级分别为 more effective”和the most effective。其副词为 effectively， 意为有效地”。 反义词是 ineffective， 意为无效的”； 名词是 effect， 意为功效， 作用”， 常构成 词组 have a/aneffecton，意为对产生的作用”。effect 一词的用法举例如下：This medicine had a good/a bad/a side/an ill/an instant/a negative effect on that pat

15、ient. Punishment had very littleeffect on those factories, which created harmful waste. The plans of protecting the endangered animals will soonbe carried into effect.8.willingwilling 是形容词，意为“乐意的，自愿的” 。如：Are you willing that he should be admitted into our club?Are they willing workers for environmen

16、tal protection?willing 的比较级和最高级分别是more willing 和 the most willing ,其副词是 willingly ,意为乐意地”，名词是willingness,意为心甘情愿”,如：He gave up his seat to the old lady willingly.Those volunteers showed great willingness to serve in the 2008 Olympic Games.9.figurefigure 可用作名词，意为“数字” ，如：It is reported that a lot of pe

17、ople in China are infected with AIDS. The figure is really incredible.He has an income of six figures.The price of the house is in seven figures.figure 用作名词还有其他意思，如“图形，身材，大人物”等。如：The blackboard was covered with interesting figures.I take exercise every morning to keep my figure.Bill Gates is an outs

18、tanding figure in IT.figure 也可用作动词，构成词组figure out，意为计算出，理解”，如：I can t figure out why she dropped school.Part 2 Words from page 29 to 351.statestate 在本单元用作名词，意为“状态，状况，情形”。用法如下：Generally speaking, matter has three states solid, liquid and gas.The patient is in a poor state of health.state 用作名词还可指“国家、（

19、构成联邦共和国的）州、国家的” 。如：How many states are there in the United States of America?The railroads belong to the state in this country.state 也可用作动词，意为“陈述、声明” 。如：The visiting Prime Minister stated that several agreements had been reached during the state visit.2.shockedshock 是及物动词，意为“使震惊，使震动”。The result of t

20、he tsunami is very shocking, with dead bodies here and there.I was shocked at the n ews of his sudde n death. = I was shocked to hear the n ews of his sudde n death.shock 也可用作名词，意为“震惊、冲击、震动” 。如：The news of his sudden death was a great shock to us.Three shocks of the earthquakes were felt last night.

21、拓展 同 shock 一样，还有一些不可数名词，女口 success failure, honor, danger, surprise 等；用心 爱心 专心3当指具体的每个人或某件事时，前面可加a 或 an,如：Liu Xiang is really a great success.My class teacher turned up at my birthday party, which was really a big surprise.3.disappointeddisappoint 是及物动词，意为使失望”。常以过去分词 disappointed 作形容词，意为失望的，沮丧 的”，构成

22、词组 be disappointed at/about/with ,意为对而感到失望”，及 be disappointed to do sth., 意为“做而感到失望”。用法举例如下：The result of the experiment really disappointed us.Please dont disappoint me.What are you looking so disappointed about?He was disappointed to hear the news that his visa was refused.We were disappointed tha

23、t our team had lost the game.disappointing 是形容词,意为“让人失望的,令人扫兴的” ,如：How disappointing the weather this summer is!disappointment 是名词,意为“失望,灰心,扫兴” ,如：When he heard the bad news, his disappointment was obvious.Much to my disappointment, the picnic was put off because of the bad weather.4.shameshame 在本单元

24、用作名词， 意为“可耻的事或人” 时可用作可数名词，“羞耻，羞愧”时是不可数名词。如：What a shame to take in the old lady!He was called a shame to his class for his cheating in the exam.To my shame, I made the same mistake again.The boy hung his head in shame.I felt shame at having told a lie.shameful 是形容词,意为“可耻的” , shamefully 是副词,意为“可耻的” 。

25、5.arrivalarrival 是名词,意为“到达者；到达物；到达,到来” 。如：Our time of arrival in Sydney is eight o clock.On his arrival home, he kissed both of his kids.We are waiting for the arrival of the news.There are several new arrivals at the hotel.arrive 用作不及物动词,意为“到达,抵达” 。arrive 后面加介词 at，则为到达较小的场所，如：家、店、镇等；后面加介词 in，则为到达较大

26、的地 方,如：国家、大都市等；而 on 则用于岛屿及现场等,如：When shall we arrive at the airport?I ll phone you the time I arrive in New York.The police arrived on the scene in no time.It took them a long time to arrive at a conclusion.At last the day they had been looking forward to arrived.6.limitedlimited 为形容词,意为“有限的” 。如：His

27、 knowledge of history is rather limited.The limited edition made the stamp move valuable.You should drive within the limited speed in this area, otherwise you ll be fined.limit 作名词时,意为“极限,限度,界限” 。如：The task is too much for me. I know my limits.Her patience reached its limit.If only the banks would l

28、end money without limit?limit 作动词时，意为“限制，限定”。常用词组 limit sb./sth. to sth.，意为“把限制在内”。如：We must limit the expense to what we can afford.Mother limited us to an ice-cream each.7.decreaseddecrease 既可作动词用，又可作名词用，反义词为increase 作动词时，意为“减少，使减退”。如：Thanks to the new traffic law, the number of traffic accident h

29、as decreased.The number of milu deer has decreased to 250 in that area.The conductor decreased the speed of the train because of the traffic accident ahead.decrease 作名词时，意为“减少的数量”。词组 on the decrease 相当于 decreasing,意为“在减少中”。如：There has bee n a decrease in the nu mber of smokers this year.Is theft on

30、the decrease?用心 爱心 专心48.equipme ntequipment 是不可数名词，意为设备，器材，装备”。如：What the cost of equipme nt?Wevisit a factory with moder n equipme nt this after noon.He spe nt much time and money on the equipme nt of his new house.equip 是动词，意为装备于，使本身具备”，过去式、过去分词分别为equipped、equipped,现在分词为 equipping。用法举例如下：Shall we

31、equip our office with a prin ter?We found our new school equipped with differe nt kinds of sports facilities.The more we learn, the more equipped for deali ng with all kinds of problems in the moder n society we become.9.measuresmeasure 在本单元作可数名词用，意为措施，方法”，通常以复数形式出现。如：The took strong measures aga in

32、st dan gerous drivers.The school has take n some measures to preve nt cheati ng.measure 作名词时，还有尺寸，大小，基准”等。如：I had a coat made to my own measure.I took the measure of my study.Wealth is not always the measure of success.measure 可用作动词，意为“测量(长度，大小，重量等)，测定；测的尺寸”。如：The tailor measured me for a suit.The p

33、oliceme n are measuri ng the speed of cars.巩固练习：Key: 1. shocked 2. arrival 3. disappoi nted4. state5. shame 6.decreased 7. equipme nt8. limited 9.measuresPart 3 Words on page 381.raisedraise 是及物动词，在本单元意为“引发；提出” 。如：His long abse nee raised fears about his safety.The tsun ami in Indon esia raised conc

34、ern both at home and abroad.The report on UFO raised the curiosity of the kids.Does anyone have any points to raise?raise 还有许多其他意思(1)Please raise your hands if you are for the plan. 举起，抬起(2)His father raised his voice in an ger. 抬高，提高(3)The farmer raised 20 pigs and some chickens. 饲养(家畜等)(4)They rai

35、sed eno ugh money for the en vir onmen tal producti on project. 筹款，筹措(5)They planned to raise a monument for the dead. 建立，建造注意：raise 是及物动词，其过去式、过去分词分别为raised, raised;现在分词是 raising。而 rise 是不及物动词，过去式、过去分词分别为rose, risen;现在分词是 rising。请试着以 raise 和 rise 的不同形式填写以下句子。(1)He told us that he was raised by his

36、aunt.(2)As we all know, the sun rises in the east and sets in the west.(3)The river has risen 3 in ches since it rain ed.(4)He stood there with his right hand raised.(5)A great number of nations rose and fell in the course of history.(6)The price of a cup of coffee has risen/has been raised by te n

37、cen ts.(7)I saw tears .rising to her eyes.(8)He rose to his feet, raising his voice in an ger.2.concernconcern 在本单元作名词用，意为“关心，关注”。如：The famous sin ger expressed particular concern for those childre n in fected with AIDS.His greatest concern is whether the endan gered an imals will be protected.It no

38、 concern of mine.The mother showed a great deal of concern for her son illness.词组 as far asbe concerned 意为“就而言”。如：As far as Im concern ed, Im not aga inst the pla n.concerned 为形容词，意为“担心的，担忧的”,女口：We are all concerned about her safety.concerning 为介词，意为“关于，涉及”。如：The problem concerning the protect ion o

39、f Taihu Lake will be discussed tomorrow.Concerning his proposal, there were pros and cons.3.importance importance 为不可数名词，意为“重要性” 。如： That s a matter of great importance to us.The educator emphasized the importance of developing team spirit between children.注意be+of+ 抽象名词(importance, value, use, help)

40、=be+该抽象名词的形容词(important, valuable,用心 爱心 专心5useful, helpful )。女口：His advice is of great value. = His advice is very valuable.important 为形容词，意为“重要的” ，常用于以下句型：It is important for us to master a foreign language in the modern society.It is importa nt that you (should) keep your promise. = It is importa

41、nt for you to keep your promise.4.adviseadvise 是及物动词，意为“建议，劝告” 。常有以下用法：The doctor advised a complete rest. /taking a week s restI advised him to stop smok ing and drinking. = I advised him that he (should) stop smok ing and drinking.I advised her aga inst marrying that disho nest man. = I advised he

42、r not to marry that dish on est man. advice 是名词，意为“建议，劝告” 。如：You won tget well unless you take/follow the doctor s advice.I llask my teacher for advice on this matter.Thats a good piece of advice you gave me.5.endangeredendanger 是及物动词，意为 使受危险，危及” 。如： His laz in ess endan gered his cha nces of succes

43、s.endangered 是形容词，意为“濒临绝种危险的” 。如： Are pandas endangered in China? danger 是名词，意为“危险，危险物” 。如： The drowning boy is in danger of losing his life.The tiger is a great danger to the villagers. dangerous 是形容词，意为“危险的，不安全的” 。如： Its dangerous to play on a road.6.remainedremain 是不及物动词，意为“留存，剩余，逗留，仍然是” 。如：If yo

44、u take 3 from 10, 7 remains.Who would like to remain and help me do the dishes?Who stole the famous painting remains unknown.It remains to be seen whether he will pass the driving test.They remain good friends though now they study in two different cities. The boy bought his mother a birthday giftwi

45、th the remaining three dollars.7.efforteffort 是名词，意为“努力” 。如：He spared no effort to help me with my English.All my efforts were in vain.He lifted the heavy rock without effort.Please make an effort to arrive early.The efforts of the government to help the disabled made a deep impression on all the pe

46、ople who attended themelting.8.appreciateappreciate 是及物动词，意为“赞赏，欣赏，赏识” 。如：You cantappreciate the novel unless you know its background.His works were not appreciated until after his death.We all appreciate a holiday after a year of hard work.I appreciate it when you help others when they are in troub

47、le.appreciate 还有“感激”的意思。如：I appreciate your timely help.appreciation 是名词，意为“鉴识，鉴赏力”等。如：He has a deep appreciation of literature.9.reservereserve 即可用作名词，意为“保护区，保留” ，也可用作动词，意为“保留，保存” 。如：After a long journey, we came to a forest reserve.I have little money in reserve.We discussed the problem without re

48、serve.I must reserve strength for climbing the mountain tomorrow.reserve 还有“预订，留作专用”之意。如：All seats reservedThe first three rows of the hall are reserved for special guests.巩固练习： Key: 1. reserve 2. efforts 3. endangered4. remain 5. advised6.importa nee7. appreciate 8. raise 9. concernPart 4 Phrases f

49、rom page 22 to 251.In additi on用心 爱心 专心6in addition 意为另外，加之，又”，作副词用，相当于 besides 或 as well。如：He had no time to prepare this lecture, in addition, he was unwell。There was a big earthquake and, in additi on, there were terrible tsun amis.In addition, there is one more point I would like to make.in addi

50、tion to 作介词用，意为加之，除了之外”。如：He speaks French in additi on to En glish.In addition to the sandwiches, Aunt Mary gave us cookies to bring to the picnic.此外，addition 的动词是 add，能构成不同的词组。add something to，意为把添加入”up to,意为总计” ；add to 意为增添”。如：Please add some more salt to this soup.All his school educati on added

51、 up to no more tha n one year.The n ews that the road was blocked added to her an xiety.2.wiped outwipe out 在本单元意为扫除，消灭”，还有擦洗的内部，雪耻”等意思。如：I hope that the terrible sce ne will be wiped out from the little boy memory.It is reported that the imported plant will wipe out some of the original species the

52、re.All the in formati on saved in the computer was wiped out by the virus.The deadly disease almost wiped out the en tire populati on.The houses were wiped out by the flood.Could you wipe the bath out?wipe 还能构成其他词组：宀(1) Will you please wipe off the drawing from the blackboard? 擦掉(2) Please wipe up t

53、hat spilt coffee.(把溅出的水等)抹掉(3) She wiped her tears away with her handkerchief. 擦去(眼泪等)(4) Please wipe the glasses dry.把擦干3.cut back oncut back on 意为削减，缩减，减少”。女口： They ve already cut back product ion by twenty perce nt.You have to cut back on spe nding.由 cut 构成的词组：The electricity was cut off because

54、of the terrible storm. 切断(电力、煤气、自来水等)(2) They should n have cut dow n those young trees. 砍倒(3) To make the dish, you should first cut up the vegetables into small pieces. 切碎(4) He cut out an article about Liuxiang from the newspaper. 剪下(5) The moment I began to speak, he cut in. 插嘴(6) The village wa

55、s cut off by the heavy snow. 使孤立4.It is obvious that It is obvious that是个固定句型，意为是显然的” 。如：It is obvious that he told her a lie.It is obvious that he didn do it himself.It is+形容词+ that 这种句型比较多见，同学们要学会自己归纳。如：It is impossible that he will come this after noon.It is likely that he will give a speech.It i

56、s important that you should keep obey the school rules.It is strange that you don tknow him.It is necessary that you should buy so many dresses at a time?5.ope n the flooropen the floor 意为自由发言”。如：The club members ope ned the floor for their discussi on whether they should give up the pla n or not. o

57、pen 的意思有很多。请试着说出下面这些句子中open 的含义。(1) The lovely view opened out before our eyes. 展现(2) He opened his heart to the girl.告知，表明(3) My dream is to open a restaura nt. 开张(4) The Red Army men opened fire at the enemy. 开火(5) He opened out a folding map for all of us and began his story. 展开，打开。6) The story o

58、pened with a love story between a prince and a princess. 以开始6.run out ofrun out of 意为用完，耗尽”。如：I have run out of my pocket mon ey. = My pocket money has run out.We are running out of fuel. = Our fuel is running out.;add用心 爱心 专心7由 run 构成的短语很多，请试着说出下列各句中run 或其词组的含义。Luckily, they ran away from the fire.

59、 逃出，逃跑(2) I ran across one of my old friends in the street this morning. 偶然遇见(3) The two policemen are running after a thief. 追赶(4) The color of this T-shirt runs easily. 褪色(5) His car ran into the post. 撞上(6) The little girl ran a high fever. 发烧(7) He will run on for hours if you don stop him. 连续跑7

60、.What ifwhat if 常用于口语中，意为如果怎么办？ ”或即使又有什么关系？”。如What if what he said is true?What if it rains while we are still on our way home?What if he gets an gry?what 或其构成的短语经常出现在口语中，表达不同的意思。请根据句意选择合适的答案。(1) What about going out for a walk after supper?(2) Ill go to Paris nest mon th? What for?.(3) What! Did yo