steelmakingandkeyqualitypointsofsteelmaterial2014Jan

1、Confidential All rights reserved SMS Siemag AGSteel making and key quality points of steel material SMS Siemag ChinaTrainingConfidential All rights reserved SMS Siemag AGTighten the source quality controll Aiming to tighten the source quality control of steel material, the speech shows: steel making

2、 and key quality points of steel material.Introduce how clean steel are melt and refined by modern metallurgy equipment.Focus on key quality points through cases.The better steel, the better machines.Confidential All rights reserved SMS Siemag AGContentu 1. steel making1.1 Metallurgy workflow 1.2 Me

3、tallurgy function1.3 Metallurgy equipment1.3.1 LD1.3.2 refining furnace1.3.3 Caster1.3.4 EAF deviceu 2. Key quality points of steel material2.1 Chemical composition2.2 Mechanical properties2.3 Further requirements to steelConfidential All rights reserved SMS Siemag AGMain steel factories in ChinaCon

4、fidential All rights reserved SMS Siemag AG1.1 Metallurgy workflowTechnology of metallurgy workflow guide the project and programming of steel factory.It relates to billions of investment and countless labor in tens of years.Mr. Yin Ruiyu teaches us the technology.Confidential All rights reserved SM

5、S Siemag AG1.1 Metallurgy workflow In order to build a modern steel factory in 2007, 220 items of technology were put into use, including 21 items for coke, 68 items for (iron) puddling, 53 items for steelmaking, 22 items for hot rolling, 46 items for cold rolling, 10 items for accessory equipment.

6、Not easy!Confidential All rights reserved SMS Siemag AG1.1 Metallurgy workflowConfidential All rights reserved SMS Siemag AG1.1 Metallurgy workflowFrom molten iron pretreatment to CC in this speechConfidential All rights reserved SMS Siemag AG1.1 Metallurgy workflowuTime flow In large-scale mechaniz

7、ed industry, BF, LD, refining equipment and CCM, rolling machines should have the same flow and meter in time. uMatter flow Interface between equipment is just like interference fit in mechanics. uTemperature flow In the whole steelmaking line, heating liquid steel in furnaces struggles with cooling

8、. Therefore people must keep the temperature in control.Confidential All rights reserved SMS Siemag AG1.1 Metallurgy workflowLong work flow steel making; output=6 Mt/yShort work flow steel making; output=2 Mt/yConfidential All rights reserved SMS Siemag AG1.1 Metallurgy workflow EAF factoryConfident

9、ial All rights reserved SMS Siemag AG1.1 Metallurgy workflowSettings: EAF *1 LF *1 (VD*1) CCM*1 Hot roll line*1-Call it “short work flow” steel makingConfidential All rights reserved SMS Siemag AG1.1 Metallurgy workflow LD factoryConfidential All rights reserved SMS Siemag AG1.1 Metallurgy workflow

10、LD workshopConfidential All rights reserved SMS Siemag AG1.1 Metallurgy workflowSettings:MiningMineral separationSinteringCokeBF*2Converter*3LF*3 + RH *2CCM*3Hot roll lineCold roll lineProcessing line-Call it “Long work flow steel making” steel makingConfidential All rights reserved SMS Siemag AG1.1

11、 Metallurgy workflow 钢铁生产的钢铁生产的目的目的就是用化学和物理的方法就是用化学和物理的方法把氧化铁中的铁元素置换出来，然后按照把氧化铁中的铁元素置换出来，然后按照人们的需要再次进行合金化，并进行深加人们的需要再次进行合金化，并进行深加工从而得到我们需要的材料；工从而得到我们需要的材料； 所有钢铁生产的设备都是围绕此目的设计所有钢铁生产的设备都是围绕此目的设计并制造出来的。并制造出来的。Confidential All rights reserved SMS Siemag AG1.1 Metallurgy workflowRequirement to liquid iro

12、n:Temperature: higher than 1400Chemical component:C=3.54.5Si=0.30Mn=0.200.80p0.20S0.05 (for clean steel, S0.005)Confidential All rights reserved SMS Siemag AG1.1 Metallurgy workflowu炼钢的炼钢的目的目的，将通过炼铁生产得到的生铁进一步提纯净化，去掉，将通过炼铁生产得到的生铁进一步提纯净化，去掉有害杂质并按照需要进行合金化；有害杂质并按照需要进行合金化；u转炉炼钢的基本原理是转炉炼钢的基本原理是化学反应化学反应，即通

13、过向转炉内吹入高压纯氧，即通过向转炉内吹入高压纯氧，利用碳氧反应产生的高温创造一个强氧化气氛，将生铁中的碳，利用碳氧反应产生的高温创造一个强氧化气氛，将生铁中的碳，硅，磷，硅，磷， 硫等杂质氧化并适时加入各种造渣原料，使之发生硫等杂质氧化并适时加入各种造渣原料，使之发生反应形成炉渣与铁元素分离，从而得到纯度更高的铁碳合金。反应形成炉渣与铁元素分离，从而得到纯度更高的铁碳合金。u电炉生产电炉生产初期初期是物理反应，即通过电极加热废钢，使之熔融，从是物理反应，即通过电极加热废钢，使之熔融，从而得到钢水而得到钢水；然后造渣，通过化学反应除去磷；然后造渣，通过化学反应除去磷。Confidential

14、All rights reserved SMS Siemag AG1.1 Metallurgy workflowClean steel in the whole workflow:Desulfurization, dephosphorization and dislodging silicon in liquid iron is executed.Converter or EAF works together with refining equipment to provide pure liquid steel to CCMConfidential All rights reserved S

15、MS Siemag AG1.1 Metallurgy workflowu Metallurgy is a complex process and operation.u Steelmaking equipment and their function should be optimized for profit of the whole metallurgy workflow.Confidential All rights reserved SMS Siemag AGEquipment, devices should provide profit to customersJust like C

16、SP: SMS Siemagu58% investment of traditional hot rolling line;u50% energy consumption of traditional hot rolling line;u78% production cost of traditional hot rolling line;u101.8% yield rate of traditional hot rolling line;u39% maintaining charge of traditional hot rolling line.Confidential All right

17、s reserved SMS Siemag AG1.1 Metallurgy workflow CSP IntroduceExample:Confidential All rights reserved SMS Siemag AG1.1 Metallurgy workflow Steel mills want suitable and modern devices.For EAF, I think that its most suitable and modern development is usage of eccentric bottom pouring device since EAF

18、 was invented in 1899.Confidential All rights reserved SMS Siemag AG1.1 Metallurgy workflow Green factoryuSteel factory will not only make steel but also exchange energy and absorb wastage for more contribution to human life. uSteel factory output water team and electric power besides consumption it

19、self. uOnly doing that, the citizen will confirm steel factory! The population, waste of energy and iron ore, limestone, coal should not be behaviors of steel factory! Therefore, what should we do as a supplier of steel factory?Confidential All rights reserved SMS Siemag AG1.1 Metallurgy workflow St

20、eel plant in the eveningConfidential All rights reserved SMS Siemag AG1.2 Metallurgy functionKnowledge of steel making base on:lChemistrylPhysicslMetallurgy physics chemistryConfidential All rights reserved SMS Siemag AG1.2 Metallurgy functionMaterials Used For Steelmaking iron ore Metallurgical Coa

21、l O2 limestone waste steelConfidential All rights reserved SMS Siemag AG1.2 Metallurgy functionBut, those materials includetoo much sulfur;too much phosphorus;too much Carbon;too much Si;too much H, N and so on.We must remove the harmful component through function of steel making.Confidential All ri

22、ghts reserved SMS Siemag AG1.2 Metallurgy functionwhat steel making processes do:deoxidization and augment Carbondecarbonizationdesulfurizationdephosphorizationdislodge silicontemperature risedeoxidationdislodge gas from steel bathdislodge inclusionalloyinghomogenizationConfidential All rights reser

23、ved SMS Siemag AG1.2 Metallurgy function DeoxidizationWhy? Before deoxidization, can not cast; Pore and loose, inclusion in steel; Increase red shortness;How? Deposit deoxidization Diffusion deoxidization Vacuum deoxidizationConfidential All rights reserved SMS Siemag AG1.2 Metallurgy function Decar

24、bonizationWhy? Decrease ductility of steel.How?COOC221)( ,274.411393940molJTGCOOC)( ,386.38221860molJTGCOFeFeOC)(Confidential All rights reserved SMS Siemag AG1.2 Metallurgy function DesulfurizationWhy? Red shortness. Decrease corrosion resistance Crack, pore and loose in welding seamHow? S+(CaO)=(C

25、aS)+O S+(CaO)=(CaS)+O G G0 0=98474-22.82T=98474-22.82T S+(MnO)=(MnS)+O S+(MnO)=(MnS)+O G G0 0=133224-33.49T=133224-33.49T S+(MgO)=(MgS)+O S+(MgO)=(MgS)+O G G0 0=191462-32.70T =191462-32.70T Confidential All rights reserved SMS Siemag AG1.2 Metallurgy function DephosphorizationWhy? Cold shortness Dec

26、rease crack-resistant propertyHow? 2P+5(FeO)+4(CaO)=(4CaO2P+5(FeO)+4(CaO)=(4CaOP P2 2O O5 5)+5Fe)+5Fe 2P+5(FeO)+3(CaO)=(3CaO2P+5(FeO)+3(CaO)=(3CaOP P2 2O O5 5)+5Fe)+5FeConfidential All rights reserved SMS Siemag AG1.2 Metallurgy function Dislodge inclusionWhy? Crack Decrease ductility of steel Block

27、 casting flowHow? Pour out it with slag Change inclusion formConfidential All rights reserved SMS Siemag AG1.2 Metallurgy function Purity steel requires dislodging inclusion Deoxidation by Al should be limited! Especially in module casting process, this deoxidation method provides a lot of (AL2O3) i

28、nclusion in steel and result of rejection of rotor (a casting / forging part). It had made great loss of money and reputation of THI Company. Deoxidation by Al wastes the function of vacuum refining since THI have used vacuum furnace to refine rotor steel! It should use carbon to dioxide in vacuum c

29、ondition instead of Al. Confidential All rights reserved SMS Siemag AG1.2 Metallurgy function Purity steel requires dislodging inclusion In steel making operation, an important thing is melting slag to dislodge inclusion and for desulfurization, dephosphorization. So, there is an idiom as “steel mak

30、ing is slag melting”.An idiom:Confidential All rights reserved SMS Siemag AG1.2 Metallurgy functionMetallurgy function for steel quality:Confidential All rights reserved SMS Siemag AG1.3 Metallurgy equipmentEquipment list:1.3.1 LD1.3.2 refining equipment LF/DH/RH/VD1.3.3 Caster1.3.4 EAF deviceConfid

31、ential All rights reserved SMS Siemag AG1.3 Metallurgy equipment1.3.1 LD Workshop转炉车间转炉车间的主要设备分为的主要设备分为4大系统大系统： 原料系统原料系统：如运输存储设备混铁炉，鱼雷罐车，铁水罐，钢水罐：如运输存储设备混铁炉，鱼雷罐车，铁水罐，钢水罐；铁水预处理设备，废钢筛选及装炉设备；散装物料设备如皮带；铁水预处理设备，废钢筛选及装炉设备；散装物料设备如皮带机，料仓料斗以及转炉炉渣的清理和运输设备机，料仓料斗以及转炉炉渣的清理和运输设备； 炉体系统炉体系统：转炉炉壳，转炉托圈及炉体倾动设备：转炉炉壳，转炉托

32、圈及炉体倾动设备； 供氧系统供氧系统：氧枪：氧枪，供氧管道及阀门，测温取样枪供氧管道及阀门，测温取样枪； 除尘系统除尘系统：供水，蒸汽，烟道，燃烧室，集尘室，风机，除尘器：供水，蒸汽，烟道，燃烧室，集尘室，风机，除尘器Confidential All rights reserved SMS Siemag AG1.3 Metallurgy equipment1.3.1 LD WorkshopTorpedo car transports liquid iron to LDConfidential All rights reserved SMS Siemag AG1.3 Metallurgy equ

33、ipment1.3.1 LD Workshopumolten iron pretreatment are actively used in all of modern steel factories for the benefit of quality and high productivity.umolten iron pretreatment could be taken place in Torpedo car.uDesulfurization, dephosphorization and dislodging silicon are function of molten iron pr

34、etreatment.Molten iron pretreatment Confidential All rights reserved SMS Siemag AG1.3 Metallurgy equipment1.3.1 LD WorkshopConfidential All rights reserved SMS Siemag AG1.3 Metallurgy equipment1.3.1 LD WorkshopLD ProcessConfidential All rights reserved SMS Siemag AG1.3 Metallurgy equipment1.3.1 LD W

35、orkshopConverter (LD-Q-BOP)Confidential All rights reserved SMS Siemag AG1.3 Metallurgy equipment1.3.1 LD WorkshopNow, function of converter has changed:The number one LD focuses on dephosphorization;The next LD focuses on decarbonization.It is the result of optimized Unit Operation and equipment in

36、 metallurgy industry.Confidential All rights reserved SMS Siemag AG1.3.2 Refining equipment Deoxidization and augment Carbon O Decarbonization Desulfurization Dephosphorization O/X Dislodge silicon X Temperature rise /O Deoxidation Dislodge gas from steel bath Dislodge inclusion Alloying Homogenizat

37、ion How useful LF/VD/RH are! let us appraise them! What function LF/VD/RH can do?Confidential All rights reserved SMS Siemag AG1.3.2 Refining equipment 目的功能搅拌喷粉添加合金气氛调整（密闭）减压或真空 加热1，均匀温度成分OOOXO2，成分调整OOO3，脱碳XX4，脱气（H， N， CO）OX5，脱氧OO6，脱硫X7，脱磷 X8，温度调整XXXXX9，夹杂物的形态控制XXGoal and working actions in refining

38、Confidential All rights reserved SMS Siemag AG1.3.2 Refining equipment Development of refiningConfidential All rights reserved SMS Siemag AG1.3.2 Refining equipment LF furnace:Confidential All rights reserved SMS Siemag AG1.3.2 Refining equipment LF furnaceConfidential All rights reserved SMS Siemag

39、 AG1.3.2 Refining equipment LF furnace:出钢出钢钢包车吹氩钢包车吹氩钢包到等待位置钢包到等待位置处理渣处理渣吹 氩 搅吹 氩 搅拌拌出 钢 过出 钢 过多多出 钢 带出 钢 带渣渣正常正常颜色颜色流动性流动性初 炼 炉初 炼 炉渣渣正常正常ABCDEF钢包取样钢包取样加入合金，均匀化及调加入合金，均匀化及调节温度节温度喂入喂入Ca-Si丝丝钢 包 取样停氩停氩吊往连铸吊往连铸台台钢液成钢液成分未按分未按规定改规定改变变正正常常GHIJKLM加合金与喂加合金与喂CaSi线间时间不线间时间不足；喂足；喂CaSi线后吹氩时间不线后吹氩时间不足；加入足；加入CaS

40、i不正确；成分不正确；成分不合；温度不合适不合；温度不合适NConfidential All rights reserved SMS Siemag AG1.3.2 Refining equipment LF furnaceu According to wt% of Als, add Al into LFu For desulfurization and dislodging inclusion, melt white slag and blow Argon in LF;u Electric arc heats liquid steel to target temperature;u Blow

41、argon to make temperature uniform;u According to target chemical component, add alloy into LF.Confidential All rights reserved SMS Siemag AG1.3.2 Refining equipment LF furnace LF is a revolutionary improvement for refining steel. LF builds the production system of “rough meltingrefining” various ste

42、el grand with high quality. LF makes the difference of LD and EAF disappear.Confidential All rights reserved SMS Siemag AG1.3.2 Refining equipment DHDoetmund Hoerder Huetten union (named by a German company)Confidential All rights reserved SMS Siemag AG1.3.2 Refining equipment RH(by a developing Ger

43、man company named) Ruhrstahl Rheinstahl ATH CompanyConfidential All rights reserved SMS Siemag AG1.3.2 Refining equipment RHConfidential All rights reserved SMS Siemag AG1.3.2 Refining equipment uDo you want face plate of Benz car? Please use RH to produce IF steel.uDo you want DI steel for ring-pul

44、l can to drink bear? Please use RH.uDo you want electrics steel for watching TV? ? Please use RH .Confidential All rights reserved SMS Siemag AG1.3.2 refining equipment VD Vacuum Degas equipment provides a cheaper degassing way than RH and has a good result of degassing. Therefore VD is wildly used.

45、Confidential All rights reserved SMS Siemag AG1.3.2 Refining equipment p SMS Group is developing those steel refining devices today! SMS MevacConfidential All rights reserved SMS Siemag AG1.3.3 Caster But, which device is the core segment in steel industry today?CCM is the core segment for steel qua

46、lity.CCM is the core segment for economical production of steel.CCM is the core segment of product types.So, LD, EAF and refining furnace have to serve CCM.Confidential All rights reserved SMS Siemag AG1.3.3 CasterConfidential All rights reserved SMS Siemag AG1.3.3 CasterConfidential All rights rese

47、rved SMS Siemag AG1.3.3 CasterConfidential All rights reserved SMS Siemag AG1.3.3 Casteru连续铸钢简称连铸，是把液态钢水用连铸机浇连续铸钢简称连铸，是把液态钢水用连铸机浇注、冷凝、切割而直接得到铸坯的工艺。它是注、冷凝、切割而直接得到铸坯的工艺。它是连接炼钢和轧钢的中间环节，是炼钢厂的重要连接炼钢和轧钢的中间环节，是炼钢厂的重要组成部分。组成部分。凡是具有独立的拉矫和传动系统，可以单独运凡是具有独立的拉矫和传动系统，可以单独运行的一组连铸设备，称作为连铸机的一机。行的一组连铸设备，称作为连铸机的一机。中间包

48、内的钢水可以同时浇注的铸坯根数（结中间包内的钢水可以同时浇注的铸坯根数（结晶器数）称作连铸机的流数晶器数）称作连铸机的流数Confidential All rights reserved SMS Siemag AG1.3.3 Casteru连铸的原理是将液态钢水连续注入通水冷却的结晶器，并在结晶连铸的原理是将液态钢水连续注入通水冷却的结晶器，并在结晶器内冷却凝固而形成坯壳；结晶器安装在振动台上，通过不间断器内冷却凝固而形成坯壳；结晶器安装在振动台上，通过不间断的振动使坯壳与结晶器铜板分离，并在结晶器下端连续不断的拉的振动使坯壳与结晶器铜板分离，并在结晶器下端连续不断的拉出，液芯坯壳再经过在扇形

49、段内的二次冷却，最终凝固成我们需出，液芯坯壳再经过在扇形段内的二次冷却，最终凝固成我们需要的最终形状要的最终形状。现在世界各国使用的连铸机有立式、立弯式、弧形、旋转式、轮现在世界各国使用的连铸机有立式、立弯式、弧形、旋转式、轮带式和水平式等带式和水平式等6种类型。种类型。其中应用最广泛的是其中应用最广泛的是弧形弧形和和立弯立弯式式。Confidential All rights reserved SMS Siemag AG1.3.3 Caster连铸机的主体设备连铸机的主体设备 回转台。回转台。 中间包。中间包。 中包车。中包车。 结晶器：结晶器： 结晶器的振动机构。结晶器的振动机构。负滑脱（

50、或称负滑动）负滑脱（或称负滑动）:当结晶器下振的速度大于当结晶器下振的速度大于拉坯速度时，铸坯对结晶器的相对运动为向上，拉坯速度时，铸坯对结晶器的相对运动为向上，即逆拉坯方向的运动，这种运动称负滑脱或称负即逆拉坯方向的运动，这种运动称负滑脱或称负滑动。滑动。 二次冷却系统。二次冷却系统。 拉坯矫直机。如果采用多辊拉矫机时，二冷区拉坯矫直机。如果采用多辊拉矫机时，二冷区的部分夹辊本身又是驱动辊，起到拉坯的作用。的部分夹辊本身又是驱动辊，起到拉坯的作用。 切割机，切割方法有火焰切割和机械剪切切割机，切割方法有火焰切割和机械剪切Confidential All rights reserved SMS

51、 Siemag AG1.3.3 CasterConfidential All rights reserved SMS Siemag AG1.3.3 Caster连铸的主要工艺参数连铸的主要工艺参数 铸坯断面：主要根据连铸机浇注的实际可能和轧机对坯料断面的要求。我厂铸坯断面：主要根据连铸机浇注的实际可能和轧机对坯料断面的要求。我厂现有断面：方坯：现有断面：方坯：130130173mm173mm；板坯：；板坯：150150、180180、200200350350710mm710mm。冶金长度：铸机的冶金长度是指从结晶器内钢液面到拉矫机最后一对辊子中冶金长度：铸机的冶金长度是指从结晶器内钢液面到拉矫

52、机最后一对辊子中心线的实际长度，即铸机长度。心线的实际长度，即铸机长度。拉坯速度：指连铸机每一流单位时间拉出铸坯的长度（拉坯速度：指连铸机每一流单位时间拉出铸坯的长度（m/minm/min），或每一流单），或每一流单位时间拉出铸坯的重量（位时间拉出铸坯的重量（t/mint/min），后者也有称为浇注速度的。拉速主要受钢），后者也有称为浇注速度的。拉速主要受钢种、断面形状和尺寸、注温及钢中硫磷含量的影响。种、断面形状和尺寸、注温及钢中硫磷含量的影响。圆弧半径：指铸坯弯曲时的外弧半径（圆弧半径：指铸坯弯曲时的外弧半径（m m）。）。比给水量：二次冷却强度可用比给水量：二次冷却强度可用“比给水量比给

53、水量”来表示，其含义是单位时间冷却来表示，其含义是单位时间冷却水耗量（升）和通过二冷区铸坯质量（水耗量（升）和通过二冷区铸坯质量（kgkg）的比值，其单位为）的比值，其单位为l/kgl/kg。结晶器倒锥度：是结晶器上下口尺寸差值与其长度之比值。过大坯壳脱模困结晶器倒锥度：是结晶器上下口尺寸差值与其长度之比值。过大坯壳脱模困难；过小可使坯壳过早脱离铜壁产生气隙，使坯壳较早失去结晶器支撑，并难；过小可使坯壳过早脱离铜壁产生气隙，使坯壳较早失去结晶器支撑，并不利于传热不利于传热Confidential All rights reserved SMS Siemag AG1.3.3 CasterInte

54、rmediate ladleConfidential All rights reserved SMS Siemag AG1.3.3 CasterIntermediate ladleIt is a refractory matter vessel. It receives liquid steelfrom ladle, and then distributes liquid steel tocasting molds through its water gaps.We should not only take it as a distribution vessel.We must use int

55、ermediate ladle to get clean steel.So, there is a new idiom named intermediate ladlemetallurgy. There is a patent of new type intermediate ladle.Confidential All rights reserved SMS Siemag AG1.3.3 CasterIntermediate ladleexplanation in the next pagesConfidential All rights reserved SMS Siemag AG1.3.

56、3 CasterIntermediate ladleNotice the walls in the Intermediate ladle in Page 70.The walls prevent inclusion to flow in caster and are very, very important for quality of steel!Confidential All rights reserved SMS Siemag AG1.3.3 CasterIntermediate ladleKey quality point: prevent immixture slag into m

57、old.waving of liquid height in Intermediate ladle must be less than 5mm.For IF steel as face plate of Benz Car, waving of liquid height in Intermediate ladle 95% slag in furnace is good for the next steel bath. Save power.Decrease temperature of melting steel to save power.Decrease oxide in steel wh

58、en pouring steel.Increase life of steel ladles.Confidential All rights reserved SMS Siemag AG1.3.4 EAF deviceSMS Siemag is working on X-MeltX-Melt technology includes LD, (DC or AC) EAF and CONARC (LD with electric arc heating steel). Confidential All rights reserved SMS Siemag AG1.3.4 EAF deviceLet

59、 us see the ARCCESS S/EAFConfidential All rights reserved SMS Siemag AG1.3.4 EAF deviceSMS:ARCCESS Steady EAFARCCESS Steady EAF（S/EAF）can continuouslyrun one week (148 hours), 30% capacity increased.The newest SIS（SMS Injection System）Electrode slide device.Used in PT. Gunung Company in Bekasi, Indo

60、nesia,recently.Confidential All rights reserved SMS Siemag AG1.3.4 EAF device List of ARCCESS Steady EAFStart CustomerCapacity /t2010Peiner Trager GmbH, Germany1252010OKO Kemz(Maxi Group), Russia1202009OKO Taganrog Metallurgical Works, Russia1352009Forpost Energu, Russia1202009Fervouralsky New Pipe Works(PNTZ), Ru