简单句的五种基本句型-myself

1、英语五种基本句型：1.1.+ ( (主谓主谓) )2.2.+ ( (主系表主系表) )3.3.+ (主谓宾主谓宾)4.+IO +D( (主谓间宾主谓间宾 直宾）直宾）5.5.+ + +O( (主谓宾主谓宾 宾补宾补) ) 基本句型基本句型 I + + + +（主系表）（主系表） 此句型的句子谓语动词不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。本结构是由主语本结构是由主语+系动词系动词+表语组成。系动词有表语组成。系动词有:1.表示特征和存在状态的表示特征和存在状态的 be, seem, feel, appear, look

2、, smell, taste, sound; 2.表示状态延续的表示状态延续的 remain, stay, keep, continue, stand;3.表示状态变化的表示状态变化的 become, get, turn, go, run, fall, come, grow; be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义Our English teacher is thirty years old.The cake tastes delicious. We feel used to living in big cities.The potatoes went b

3、ad in the fields.Their boss seems satisfied with the work. Deep water stays still.I dont feel very well today.He looks very tired. Your soup tastes very good. She doesnt seem very interested in the plan. Its getting cold. Soon the child fell asleep.She went pale at the news. He has grown quite tall.

4、 基本句型 II + +（主谓）（主谓） 此句型的句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。 这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。如：如：The sun rises. Tom has already left. 主语可有修饰语主语可有修饰语-定语，谓语可有修饰定语，谓语可有修饰语语-状语。状语。如如: 1. The red sun rises in the east.2. So they had to travel by air or boat.3.We got up early so as to help farmers pick fresh apple.4. She sa

5、t under the tree alone.5. Weak buildings will fall down in an earthquake, but strong ones may stay up.Birds are flying. Her baby is crying. The sun is setting. No one laughed. You sing beautifully. I coughed all night. We seldom have dinner outside . An accident happened yesterday. 基本句型 III + + + +（

6、主谓宾）（主谓宾） 此句型句子的共同特点是谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。 本结构是由主语本结构是由主语+及物的谓语动词及物的谓语动词+宾语构成。宾语构成。 宾语成分的多样化使得这一结构异常复杂。宾语成分的多样化使得这一结构异常复杂。如：如：1. Tom made a hole in the wall. 2. I dont know if he can come tomorrow. 3. They havent decided where to go next. 4. She stopped

7、teaching English two years ago. 5. It took them ten years to build the dam. 7. Mother promises to give me a present.Weve achieved a lot in the past twenty years. They soon controlled the disease.They are building the tall buildings . I enjoyed every minute of your dance . He planted a tree behind th

8、e house . We always exchange Christmas gifts. Tom found his bike in the park . 基本句型 IV+ +IO +D+IO +D( (主谓间宾直宾主谓间宾直宾 此句型的句子谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是指人，另一个是指物, 通常指人的宾语用一个介词（to或for）来连接，当指人的宾语在指物的宾语之前时，这一介词往往被省略。 说明：此结构由说明：此结构由“主语主语+及物谓语动词及物谓语动词+间接宾语间接宾语（人）（人）+直接宾语（事物）直接宾语（事物）”组成。如：组成。如： She brings

9、 me cookies every day.但若要先说出直接宾语（事物），后说间接宾语（人），但若要先说出直接宾语（事物），后说间接宾语（人），则要借助于介词则要借助于介词to或或for。如：如： She brings cookies to me every day. She made a beautiful dress for me.用用to侧重指动作的方向，表示朝着，向着，对着某人。侧重指动作的方向，表示朝着，向着，对着某人。用用for 侧重指动作的受益者，表示为了某人，替某人。侧重指动作的受益者，表示为了某人，替某人。常跟双宾语的动词有：常跟双宾语的动词有：（需借助（需借助to的）的）b

10、ring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, pay, promise, return, send, show, teach, tell, write, ask等；等；（需借助（需借助for 的）的） buy, call, cook, choose, draw, find, get, make, order, sing, save, spare等。等。常跟双宾tell, read, ask, bring, pass, lend, return, write, throw, allow, send,costmake, buy, do, get, save, cook,

11、 sing, find等。tofortake, give, teach, bring, lend, mail, offer, pass, hand, sell, send, show, throw, answer, award, write, grant, permit, promise, paydo, buy, cook, choose, fetch, get, leave, make, order, paint, play(演奏演奏)，save, sing, She sang us an English song. Ill make you some fresh tea. That wil

12、l save you a lot of trouble.Please fetch me todays paper. Hand me the car key. Please fax us your plans. Throw me that book. Can you e-mail me the book list? 基本句型 V + + + +（主谓宾宾补）（主谓宾宾补） 此句型的句子特点是： 动词虽然是及物动词，但是一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语才能使意思完整。英语基本句型英语基本句型4 主主+谓谓+宾宾+补补 说明说明: 此结构由此结构由“主语主语+及物的谓语动词

13、及物的谓语动词+宾语宾语+宾宾语补足语语补足语”构成。宾语与宾语补足语之间有逻辑上的主谓构成。宾语与宾语补足语之间有逻辑上的主谓关系或主表关系，若无宾语补足语，则句意不够完整。可关系或主表关系，若无宾语补足语，则句意不够完整。可以用做宾补的有：以用做宾补的有：名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，动词名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，动词不定式，分词等。不定式，分词等。如：如： The sun keeps us warm. I heard him singing.You must get your hair cut. They made Tom monitor.He used to do his home

14、work with his radio on. 用用 it 做形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足语做形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足语的后面，以使句子结构平衡，是英语常用的句型结构方式。的后面，以使句子结构平衡，是英语常用的句型结构方式。即：主语即：主语+谓语谓语+it+宾补宾补+真正宾语。真正宾语。如：如：I found it very pleasant to be with your family.We painted the window frames yellow.She dyed her dress light blue. He found the job quite inte

15、resting. What made you so angry?We must get the supper ready in half an hour. You must keep the room clean.Soon they set her free. I dont think it necessary. 英语基本句型英语基本句型6 There be 句型句型 说明：说明： 此句型是由此句型是由“there+be+主语主语+状语状语”构成，用以表达存在关系可以称构成，用以表达存在关系可以称“有有”。 它其实是倒装的一种情况，主语位于谓语动词它其实是倒装的一种情况，主语位于谓语动词 be

16、 之后，之后，there 仅为引导词，并无实际语意。仅为引导词，并无实际语意。 此句型有时不用此句型有时不用be动词，而用动词，而用 live, stand, come, go, lie, remain, exist, arrive等。等。如：如：There stands a hill in the middle of the park. Once upon a time there lived an old king in the town. Be 与其后的主语在人称和数量上一致，有时态和情与其后的主语在人称和数量上一致，有时态和情态变化。如：态变化。如： 现在有现在有 there is/a

17、re 过去有过去有 there was/were 将来有将来有 there will be；there is /are going to be. 现在已经有现在已经有 there has/have been 可能有可能有 there might be. 肯定有肯定有 there must be /there must have been. 过去曾经有过去曾经有 there used to be 似乎有似乎有 there seems/seem/seemed to be 碰巧有碰巧有 there happen/happens/happened to be 巩固练习：巩固练习：1这个村子过去只有一口

18、井。这个村子过去只有一口井。There was only a well in the village. 2客人当中有两名美国人和两名法国人。客人当中有两名美国人和两名法国人。 Among the guests there were two Americans and two Frenchmen. 3天气预报说下午有大风。天气预报说下午有大风。 The weatherman says therell be a strong wind in the afternoon. 4灯亮着，办公室里肯定有人。灯亮着，办公室里肯定有人。The light is on. There must be someon

19、e in the office. 5战前这儿一直有家电影院的战前这儿一直有家电影院的. There used to be a cinema here before the war. 6. 恰好恰好那时房里没人。那时房里没人。There happened to be nobody in the room. 7从前，在海边的一个村子里住着一位老渔夫。从前，在海边的一个村子里住着一位老渔夫。Once, there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea. 8公共汽车来了。公共汽车来了。There comes the bus. 9就只剩下二十八美元了。就只剩下二十八美元了。 There remains only twenty eight dollars.10铃响了铃响了.There goes the bell .典型句子分析 除了基本句型的成分不变外，通常是在这些成分的前面或后面增加一些修饰语而加以扩大。这些修饰语可以是单词（主要是形容词、副词和数词），也可以是各种类型的短语（主要是介词短语、不定式短语和分词短语）。We found the hall full.我们发现礼堂坐满了。We found the great hall