五大时态复习及完形填空讲解八年级下复习

1、五大时态讲解及复习2013-4-291. 一般现在时(1)用法：表示事实、现状、性质或经常的、 习惯性的动作。常与seldom, often, usually, always, sometimes, today, every day, once a week, every five minutes, on Sundays等时间状语连用。如：I go to school at seven every day.我每天七点去上学。表示普遍真理。如： The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。表示在现在时间里所发生的一个动作。如：Here comes the bus.

2、公共汽车来了。在时间和条件状语从句中代表一般将来时。如I'll go shopping with my mother if she is free tomorrow.如果明天我妈妈有空，我将和她去购物。(2)动词的第三人称单数形式变化规则如下：直接加 s。如：work works 。辅音字母+ y 结尾的词， 先变 y 为 i, 再力口 es。 如：carry carries; cry cries; try tries; study studies 。以 s、 x、 o、 ch、 sh 结尾的词力口 es。如：wash washes; teach teaches; go goes; p

3、ass passes; fix fixes 特殊：have has。2. 一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态。句中的谓语动词要变为过去式。(1)句型结构：be动词型I was a student last year . 去年我是一名学生。Were you at home this morning今天早上你在家吗？Yes, I was./No, I wasn't. 是的，我在。/不，我不在。行为动词型Tom went to Shanghai last year .去年汤姆去了 上海。John did n ' t leave here last year .去年约翰没有住在这

4、里。Did you see him just now你刚才看见他了吗？(2)用法：主要表示过去的某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。如：His friend was at work yesterday.他的朋友昨天在工作。表示过去经常或反复发生的动作，常与often , always 等表示频度的时间状语连用。如：We often went to work by bus last year.去年我们经常乘公交车上班。和when 等引导的时间状语从句连用。如： When he got home, he had a rest.当他到家时，他休息了一会儿。常与表示过去的时间状语连用。这些状语有：ago,

5、 yesterday, last week, in the old days, when I was five years old, in 1995等。如： We began our work three hours ago.三小时前，我们开始工作。(3)动词过去式的变化规则：一般情况在动词原形后加 -ed 。如：watch watched 。以不发音字母 e结尾的加-d。如：live lived; practice practiced 。以辅音字母加 y 结尾的，变 y 为 i 加-ed 。如：study studied; carry carried; cry cried 。以重读闭音节结尾

6、，末尾只有一个辅音字母的，先双写该辅音字母，再加 -ed。如：stop stopped; plan planned;不规则动词的过去式需特殊记忆。3. 一般将来时(1)结构：助动词shall/will+动词原形(2)用法：表示将要发生的动作或状态，常用的时间状语有：later(on), soon, in a month, next time, from now on, tomorrow等。如：I shall be eighteen years old next year.明年我 18 岁了。表示某种必然的趋势。如： Fish will die without water.离开水，鱼就会死。(3

7、)注意： 在以第一人称作主语的问句中，常用shall表示提议和询问情况，在以第二人称作主语的句中，用will表示请求。如:Where shall we have lunch我们在哪里吃午饭？当主语是第一人称时，用 will表示意愿、决心、允诺、命令等。如：I will give Xiaoming a good giftfor his birthday.我会在小明生日时送他一份好礼。在时间或条件状语从句中，一般用一般现在时代替一般将来时。如：I will write to Jim when he is there.当吉姆到达那里时，我将给他写信。"be going to十动词原形”也可

8、表示将来时。a .表示主观意愿、打算等。如： He's going to learn English next term.下学期他打算学英语。b .根据已有迹象能推测出可能要发生的情况。如： Look at the black clouds ! It is going to rain.看那些乌云！马上要下雨了。提示表示位移的动词的进行时常表达将来之意，如： come, go, leave, fly, start, finish等。如：She's flying to Australia next month.下个月她将飞往澳大利亚。4 .现在进行时(1)结构： am/is/are

9、 +动词的ing形式(2)用法：表示目前发生(进行)的动作(不指犬态),常用的时间状语有： now, at the moment 等。当有look, listen起提示作用听！她正在隔壁唱歌。We are planting trees these days. 这些日子我们在植树。come, go, leave, arrive, fly 等，常与表示将来的时间状语连用。如:他们明天下午要去英国。时，后面的句子常用现在进行时。如： Are you writing a letter to your friend now你现在正在给你朋友写信吗？Listen! She is singing in th

10、e next room.表示现阶段正在进行，而此刻不一定在进行的动作。如:表示位移的动词的进行时表示动作将要发生。此类词有They are leaving for England tomorrow afternoon.(3)现在分词的变化规则：般力口 -ing 。如：play playing 。以不发音字母e结尾的，去e力口 ing。如：come coming; make making; live living ； write writing; take taking 。以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母的，先双写该辅音字母， 再加-ing。如：run running; sit sitti

11、ng; begin beginning;cut cutting; stop stopping; get getting; swim swimming; plan planning 特殊：die dying; lie lying; tie tying 。5 .过去进行时(1) 结构： was/were + doing(2)用法：过去进行时主要表示过去某一时间点或某一段时间正在进行的动作。如：His father fell down while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.他爸爸骑自行车时摔到了，弄伤了 自己。(3)常用的时间状语：this

12、 morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten, last evening, when, while。(4)when 和 while 的区别：引导时间状语从句时，while连接的是时间段，后常接延续性动词；而when连接的既可以是延续性动词也可以是非延续性动词。如:What was your father doing while your mother was cooking? 你妈妈正在做饭时，你爸爸干什么呢?What was your mother doing when you came back当你回来时，

13、你妈妈干什么呢？while可以连接两个并列的句子，而 when不可以。如：I was trying my best to finish my work while my sister was watching TV.我当时正在尽力完成作业，而我的妹妹正在看电视。when 可作特殊疑问词，对时间进行提问， while 不能。如： When were you born练习你是什么时候出生的?用动词的正确形式填空。1.1 (be not)a middle2. She (be)in Class3. Sam and I(be) inschool student.Six ,Grade One .We di

14、fferent classes .4. There (be) a map on the wall. There river.(be) all Young pioneers.(be) some boats in the5. I think he (be)back in a week.6. It ' s time (play) games.7. I want (take) some books to the classroom .8. Could you (take) it to your room9. Look! Theteachers (talk) tothe students.10.

15、 The besttime (visit ) China(be)Spring or autumn.11. Can you (look) after her12. Don' t (talk). Jim (do) his homework.13. What you (do) I'm a farmer.What you (do) now I ' m (put) rice in bags.14. We (stay) athomeon Sundays. He (go) to classes every week.15. Stop (talk).Let's begin ou

16、r class.16. When he met his teacher in the street, he stopped(say)hello to him.17. we (go) to the zoo tomorrow18. He (be) born in 1982.55. you (have) a good time at the cinema last night19.I (show)you the photo tomorrow.20.Why not (go) to the park with me tomorrow21.Do you enjoy (eat)bananas What ab

17、out (watch)TV22.The boy isgood at (read) maps.23.What (be) the dateyesterday24.I ' m afraidI may (be) a littlelate.25.I ' m sorry _ (hear)that.26.I think therain _(stop) later on.27.Let，s (give) hersomething different (eat).28.I like_(swim).So my brother.29.It _ (rain) outside.You' d bet

18、ter _ (not go) out.30.He (break) his leftleg in the accidentyesterday. His friends(take) him to hospital at once.完形填空中考考查方式、答题技巧分析“完形填空”题是一种旨在考查学生语法和词汇知识综合运用能力的典型题型。它结合了单项选择题和短文填空的优 点，既考查词语搭配、近义词辨异、动词时态、句型结构、复合句的关联和习惯用法等，又考查了逻辑推理和事理推 断能力。“完形填空”题要求填入的词主要有：1 .语法结构所要求的功能词，如连接词、连接代词、连接副词、关系代词、关系副词等。2 .具

19、有语法变化的普通词，如动词的时态、语态、语气，名词的数，代词的格，形容词和副词的级等。3 .固定搭配短语或词组中的特定词。4 .同义词、近义词等易混淆词。5.根据上、下文意思及结构必须填入的确定词。年份年份及难度星级2009 年2010 年2011 年2012 年分值25分15分15分15分篇数2篇1篇1篇1篇字数第一篇157字 第二篇385字320字332字302字题材生活故事（邻居，士人物生活（爱拍生活故事（残疾孩教育性故事兵做汤）照的人）于母亲的经历）（孩子面对失 败）从上表我们可以得出以下结论：1 .考查方式渐渐固定：从2009年以后都是每年考查 1篇，15小题，300字左右。2 .题

20、材固定在生活故事上：完型在选材时注重选择与孩子们生活很接近的文章，比如，校园事件，故事，社区事 件，故事，名人励志故事和社会热点大事。3 .难度适中：2010年的文章最难。一般情况下文章不会太难，读懂没有问题，但要选出正确的选项还是需要仔细 推敲的。4 .重视词汇和上下文关联：对孩子们基础词汇的要求较高，要求孩子熟知基础词汇的用法，近义词区别，固定搭 配及其基础词汇另外的特殊含义。另外，在做题过程中要学会根据上下文来推测答案，有时在文中甚至可以找到原词， 所以遇到不会的题目不必害怕，做好记号，沉着应对。三、完形填空试题的一般解题思路：1 .跳过空格、通读短文、了解大意。2 .复读短文、确定语义

21、、判断词形。3 .三读短文、上下参照、验证答案。做完形填空题先从以下三方面入手：1 .首先要以很快的速度浏览全文，掌握文章的主旨，不要急于看选项。浏览全文时要重点了解文中所叙述的人物、时间、地点、事件，即 who, when, where, what。完形填空命题的原则一般是第一句话不挖空，目的是使读者进入语 境，因此一定要认真阅读这句话。例如： Whyis a space left between the rails of a railway line where one piece joins the next这句话从铁轨之间的缝隙引出了问题。根据常识，文中内容应与热涨冷缩的物理现象有关。

22、2 .根据故事情节的发展选词，确定所填的词与文中哪个词有关系以及动作是在什么场合发生的。3 .试填之后将所选定的词放到文章中复读检查。（“字面译、通逻辑、搞代入、全文译”）实战演练（1）WhenMr Smith retired（ 退休），he bought a small 1 in a village near the sea. He2 it and hoped to live a quiet life in this house.But to his great surprise, many tourists came to see his house in summer holidays,

23、 for it was the most 3 building in the village. From morning to night there were 4 outside the house. They kept looking into the rooms through the windows and 5 of them even went into Mr Smith ' s garden. This was too much for Mr Smith. He decided to ask the visitors to 6 . So he put a notice on

24、 the window. The notice said,“If you want 7 yourcuriosity( 好奇心),come in and look round. Price: twenty dollars." Mr Smith was sure that the visitors would 8 coming, but he was wrong. More and more visitors came and Mr Smith had to 9 every dayshowing them around his house. “I came here to 10 not

25、to work as a guide (导游)，" he said angrily. In the end, he sold the house and moved away.()1.A. gardenB. shop()2. A. likedB. hated()3. A. bigB. interesting()4. A. childrenB. students()5. A. noB. none()6. A. comeB. leave()7. A. to satisfyB. satisfy()8. A. go onB. stop()9. A. takeB. cost()10. A. p

26、layB. workC. houseC. soldC. smallC. parentsC. manyC. stayC. to satisfyingC. continueC. spendC. watch(2)D. schoolD. builtD. cleanD. touristsD. muchD. playD. satisfyingD. notD. payD. retireOne day, a boy had a fight with one of his classmates. Then he went to his 31 andtold him his storyangrily. "

27、; He is really bad, “ the boy said,“and I 32 him.The grandfather said,33 me tell you a story. When I was a boy, I too, sometimes hated othersfor what they did.As the boy 34 carefully, the grandfather went on,There are always two tigers inside my heart.One is 35 and kind. He gets on well 36 everythin

28、g around him. But 37 is bad and unfriendly.Even the smallest thing will make him angry. He fights with everyone all the time, and for no reason. He can' t think carefully 38 he always hates others. It is difficult to live with these two tigers insidemy heart. They both try to control(控制)me.”The

29、boy looked into his grandfather ' s 39 and asked, "40 tiger always controls you,Grandfather ”The old man said slowly and seriously,“The one that I feed. I always feed the good and kind tiger,so I never hate others and seldom( 很少)get angry now. ”31. A. motherB. fatherC. teacherD. grandfather

30、32. A. loveB. hateC.knowD. enjoy33. A. MakeB. HelpC. LetD. Ask34. A. sawB. feltC. talkedD. listened35. A. goodB. badC. lazyD. quiet36. A. atB. onC. withD. about37. A. otherB. othersC. anotherD. the other38. A. becauseB.thoughC.beforeD. but39. A. eyesB. earsC. noseD. mouth40. A. WhoB. WhichC. WhereD.

31、 When(3)One day a mother rat and her babies were out in an open field. They were playing and having a good timewhen suddenly a hungry cat came on the scene! It hid 41_ a big tree and then looked forward through the tall grass 42 it could almost hear them talk. Before the mother rat and her babies kn

32、ew 43 had happened, the cat jumped from its hiding place and started to run 44_ them. The mother cat and her babies all fled at once. They hurried towards 45 home, which was under a pile of large stones. But the baby rats were so scared (害怕)that they could not run very 46_ . Closer andcloser the cat

33、 came. In no time the cat would be upon them. What was to be doneThe mother rat stopped running, 47 round and faced the cat, shouting , "Bow Wow! Bow Wow! "just like 48 angry dog. The cat was so surprised and frightened that it ran away.The mother rat turned to the babies, "Now you se

34、e 49 important it is to learn 50 second language!"()41 A. onB. between C. byD. behind()42. A. beforeB. when C. untilD. while()43. A. whereB. whatC. whichD. when()44. A. overB. through C. afterD. against()45. A. toB. forC. itsD.their()46. A. freelyB. hardly C. soonD. quickly()47. A. turnedB. wal

35、ked C. jumpedD. ran()48. A. aB. anC. theirDi. that()49. A. soB. whyC. whatD. how()50. A. outB. theC. aD.,an(4)London is a beautiful city. It is very large. The Thames River runs 42 the city from west to east. So the city has 43 parts: the South and the North. In the North, there are important buildi

36、ngs, shops, big parks and interesting places.The weather in London is good. In winter it is not very cold and in summer it is not very hot44 the city is near thesea. People say 45 London is a foggy city and it often rains. It is true.Last year, when I 46 in London I met one of the 47 fogs in years.

37、You could hardly see your hand in front of your face. Cars and buses moved along with their lights on. When evening came, the weather got 48 worse. The fog was as thick as milk. 49 the buses and cars stopped. I had 50 an important meeting on the other side of the town, but it was impossible to find

38、a car. I had to get there 51 .1.A. aboutB. throughC. inD. along2.A. fourB. sixC. fiveD. two3.A. becauseB. soC. butD. or4.A. whatB. whereC. thatD. which5.A. wereB. amC. beD. was6.A. bigB. biggerC. bigestD. biggest7.A. woreB. evenC. veryD. some8.A. AllB. EachC. EveryD. None9. A. to joinB. to go toC. t

39、ake part inD. join in10) A. by carB. by busC. on footD. on the foot(5)Paul got 26 the bus to go to the town. It was very crowded and he had to stand for about five 27 . Then some of the people got 28 . Paul sat down next 29 a fat woman. She 30 several shopping bags and Paul did n' t have muchpla

40、ce 31the seat. He wasn t uncomfortable. 32 last the bus got to the town. All the people started to get off. Paul was very polite, so he stood 33 to let the fat woman get off before him. She said," 34 . " Then she triedto get 35 ,the seat with all her bags. But she couldn ' t move. She

41、was too fat and her bags were too heavy.11) 6.A. off B. on C. down D. up12) )27. A. minutes B. days C. weeks D. years13) 8. A.off B. up C. on D. down14) 9. A. in B. at C. near D. to15) 0. A. carries B. buys C. had D. has16) 1. A. in B. at C. on D. upon17) 2. A. In B. At C. On D.Up18) 3. A.down B. un

42、der C. up D. at19) 4. A. Go away B. Go at once C. Look out D. Thank you20) 5. A. down to B. off C. on D. out of 1) 15 CABDC 6-10 BABCD21) 31-40 DBCDA CDAAB22) 41、DCBCD, 46-50 DABDC23) 4246 BDACD 47 51 DBABC24) 26-30 BAADC 31-35CBCDD课后习题：1.1 will tell him as soon as he backA. come B. comes C. will co

43、me D. came2 . Mary on shoes when she them.A. tries buys B. tries buies C. trys buys D. trys buies3 . The girl often cold when she.A. cathcs dances B. catches dances C. catchs danceesdDnceeches4 .he himself there No, I don' t think so.A. Do enjoy B. Does enjoies C. Does enjoys D. Does enjoy5 .you

44、r teacher from them very often Certainly.A. Do hear B. Does hear C. Do receive D. receive6 .your mother some cleaning on SundaysA. Does does B. Do does C. Does do D. Do do7 .Tom to work hard to help his family Yes, he.A. Has x does B. Has x doesC. Does has has D. Does have does8. Which teacher lesso

45、ns to you every dayA. does gives B. does give C. do give D. gives9. Smith does not go fishing on weekdays, he does.A. does he - No B. does he Yes C. doesn ' t he No D. doesn ' t he Yes10. Mr Black often fishing on Sundays,heA. goes doesn 't B. goes isn 'C. doesn 't go does D. doesn 't go - is 11.He usually TV on Sunday evening.A. watch B. watches C. watching D. is watching12. We 'll go to play with snow if it tomorrow.A. snow B. snows C. will snow