小学三至六年级英语语法与重点词汇(外研版)(20210317015350)

1、13小学英语语法名词复数规则1. 般情况下，直接力口 -s,如： book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds2. 以 s. x. sh. ch 结尾，力口 -es, 如： bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches3. 以 “辅音字母 +y” 结尾，变 y 为 i,再力口 -es,如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries4以“f 或 fe ”结尾，变5不规则名词复数：man men,Policemanpolicemen,footfeet,.People p

2、eople,f 或 fe 为 v,再力口 -es,如： knife-kniveswoman women,policewomanpolicewomen,ToothteethJapanese JapaneseChineseChinese,child childrenfish fish,mouse mice二、 一般现在时一般现在时基本用法介绍一般现在时的功能1 .表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如：The sky is blue. 天空是蓝色的。2 .表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如：I get up at six every day 我 .每天六点起床。3 .表示客观现实。如：The earth goe

3、s around the sun 地 .球绕着太阳转。一般现在时的构成1 . be 动词：主语+be(am,is,are)+ 其它。如：I am a boy. 我是一个男孩。2 .行为动词：主语+行为动词(+其它 )。如： We study English. 我们学习英语。当主语为第三人称单数(he, she, it)时，要在动词后加 "-s"或"-es"。如：Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。一般现在时的变化1. be 动词的变化。否定句：主语 + be + not + 其它。如：He is not a worker. 他不是工人。一

4、般疑问句：Be + 主语+其它。如：-Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, I'm not.特殊疑问句：疑问词 +一般疑问句。如：Where is my bike?2. 行为动词的变化。否定句：主语 + don't( doesn't )+动词原形(+其它)。如：I don't like bread.当主语为第三人称单数时，要用doesn't 构成否定句。如：He doesn't often play.一般疑问句：Do( Does ) +主语+动词原形+其它。如：- Yes, I do. / No, I don&

5、#39;t.- Do you often play football?当主语为第三人称单数时，要用does 构成一般疑问句。如：- Does she go to work by bike? - Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't.特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：How does your father go to work?3. 动词 +s 的变化规则1. 一般情况下，直接加 -s,如：cook-cooks, milk-milks2. 以 s. x. sh. ch. o 结尾，力口 -es, 如： guess-guesses, wash-washes,

6、 watch-watches, go-goes3. 以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i,再力口 -es,如：study-studies三、现在进行时1现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。2.现在进行时的肯定旬基本结构为be+动词ing. 如：I am watching TV.3现在进行时的否定句在be 后加not。如 : I am not watching TV.4现在进行时的一般疑问句把be 动词调到句首。如 : Are you watching TV ?5现在进行时的特殊疑问的基本结构为：但疑问词当主语时其结构为：疑问词 + be +

7、主语 + 动词 ing?如： What are you doing?疑问词 + be + 动词 ing?如 : Who is singing there?动词加 ing 的变化规则1. 一般情况下，直接加 ing,如：cook-cooking2. 以不发音的 e 结尾，去 e 力口 ing, 如： make-making, taste-tasting3. 如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing,如：run-running,stop-stopping四、将来时1、概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。句中一般有以下时间状语：tomorrow,

8、 next day(week, month, year ,soon, ? )the day after tomorrow (后天)等。2、基本结构： be going to + do ； will+ do.3、否定句：在 be 动词( am, is, are )后加 not 或情态动词will 后加 not 成 won t。例如：I m going to have a picnic this afternoon.fI 'm not going to have a picnic this afternoon4、一般疑问句：be或will提到旬首，some改为any, and改为or,第一

9、二人称互换。例如： We are going to go on an outing this weekend.fAre you going to go on an outing thisweekend?5、对划线部分提问。一般情况，一般将来时的对划线部分有三种情况。( 1) 人。 Who 例如：Im going to New York soon.-Who s going to New York soon.( 2) . 问干什么。What ? do. 例如：My father is going to watch a race with me thisafternoon.f What is you

10、r father going to do with you this afternoon.( 3) .问什么时候。When. 例如：Shes going to go to bed at nine.When is toshebed?going6、同义句：be going to = willI am going to go swimming tomorrow. = I will go swimming tomorrow.五、一般过去时1 一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。( yesterday, last year/week ) .2 Be 动词在一般过

11、去时中的变化：am和is在一般过去时中变为was。(was not=wasn ' t )(2 )are在一般过去时中变为 were。( were not=weren t )带有 was 或 were 的句子，其否定、疑问的变化和is, am, are 一样，即否定句在was 或 were后加not, 一般疑问句把was或were调到旬首。3 句中没有be 动词的一般过去时的句子否定句：didn t +动词原形，如：Jim didn t gohome yesterday.一般疑问旬：在旬首加did,句子中的动词过去式变回原形。如： Did Jim go home yesterday?特殊

12、疑问句：疑问词+did+ 主语 +动词原形？如：What did Jim do yesterday?+ 动词过去式？如：Who went to home yesterday?动词过去式变化规则：1. 一般在动词末尾加-ed ,如：pull-pulled, cook-cooked 2 .结尾是 e 力口 d,如：taste-tasted 3 .末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-ed,如：stop-stopped4 .以 “辅音字母+y”结尾的，变 y为i , 再加-ed ,如：study-studied5 . 不规则动词的变化：am,is-was, ar

13、e-were, do-did, see-saw, say-said, give-gave, get-got, go-went,come-came, have-had, eat-ate, take-took, run-ran, sing-sang, put-put,make-made, read-read, write-wrote, draw-drew, drink-drank, fly-flew,ride-rode, speak-spoke, sweep-swept, swim-swam, sit-sat六、情景运用情景运用1. 问路、指路Excuse me. Where s the , pl

14、ease?Go straight on. / Turn left. / Turn right.2.询问对方正在做什么What are you doing?What is he/she doing?What are they doing?3. 询问对方是否要吃某种食物Do you want some _I m He s/She s They re _? Yes, please.No, thank you.4. 询问对方的能力Can you ? Yes, I can. No, I cant.5. 谈论将要做的事情What are you going to do?6. 向别人要东西吃Can I ha

15、ve some ?I m/We re going to Yes, you can. Sorry, you cant.7. 介绍某人This is8. 谈论周一至周日将要做的事I llon MondayYes, I will.No, I won t.What will you do on Monday?Will you on Monday?9. 做天气预报It will be hot/cold/sunny/windy. It will snow/rain.10. 做比较如 : Sam is older than Daming.七、人称代词及对应的形容词性物主代词第一人称第二人称第三人称人称代词：

16、物主代词my 我的its 它的宾格me 我主格：Iwe宾格：meus形容词性物主代词：名词性物主代词：I 我 we 我们 you 你you 你们 he 他 she 她 it 它 they 他们mineour 我们的their 他们的us 我们you 你yousheheyouherhimmy our yourours yoursyour 你的 your 你们的him他her 她ittheyitthemherhisitshershisitshis 他的 her 她的it 它 them 他们theirtheirs八、形容词和副词的比较级形容词比较级在句子中的运用：两个事物或人的比较用比较级，比较级后

17、面一般带有单词than。比较级前面可以用more, a little来修饰表示程度。than后的人称代词用主格(1) 一般在形容词或副词后+er 如：tall-taller, strong-stronger,(2) 双写最后一个字母，再+er 如：big-bigger, fat- fatter,(3)把 y 变 i, 再 +er 如：heavy-heavier, earlyearlier(4) 不规则变化：如：well-better, much/many-more,九、缩略形式I m = I amdon t=do notcan t =can not_ , _ _ you re = you ar

18、edoesn t=does notisn t=is notshe s = she isit s = it is we ll=we willhe s = he iswho s =who is十、情态动词can 引导的句型：表示有能力做某事can 后面的动词要用原形。如 :1. What can you do? I can sweep the floor. I can cook the meals.2. I can water the flowers.3. Can you make the bed? No, Ican t.4. Can you use a computer? Yes, I can.

19、5. How can I get to Zhongshan Park? You can go by the No. 15 bus.重点词汇归纳：come backgo to schoolin a hurryshopping listhow muchin the afternoonthe British Museum.the London Eyelast Sunday/night/yeargo to the parkwait forhalf a kiloat the weekendtake a photoBig Bengo homehurry upmake a listhow many .in the morning take photos