初三英语语法代词

1、初三英语语法代词代词的分类代词的分类 英语中代词分为八种： 人称代词、 物主代词、 反身代词、 指示代词、 关系代词、 疑问代词、 连接代词、 不定代词、 人称代词人称代词 定义：人称代词代替人和事物的名称, 形式有两种： 主格 宾格第一人第一人第二第二人人第三人称单数第三人称单数第一第一人人称称复复数数第二人第二人称称复复数数第三第三人人称称复复数数称单数称单数称单称单数数阳性阳性阴性阴性中性中性主主Iy o u (你)hesheitweyout h e y ( 他们 ,她们 ,它们)格格(我)(他)(她)(它)(我们)(你们)宾宾mey o u (你)himheritusyout h e

2、m ( 他们 ,她们 ,它们)格格(我)(他)(她)(她)(我们)(你们) 主格主格用来作句子的主语、表语主语、表语。如： I I often go shopping on often go shopping on Sundays.Sundays.(星期天我常去购物) / Are / Are theythey from Brazil? from Brazil?(他们是巴西人吗？) / Where have/ Where have they they gone?gone?(他们上哪儿去了？) / Thats / Thats it.it.(就那么回事) / / Its Its hehe! !(是他

3、！) 宾格宾格用来作及物动词或者介词的宾语宾语。如：Who teaches Who teaches youyou English English this year?this year?(今年谁教你们的英语？) / / Help Help meme! !(救救我！) / We often / We often write letters to write letters to her her. .(我们常给他写信) 人称代词人称代词作表语或者放在比较状语从句连词than或as之后时,可以用主格形式,也可以用宾格形式,口语中大多用宾格。如：-Who is it?-Who is it?(是谁？)

4、Its Its I/meI/me. .(是我。)三个不同人称同时出现,或者主语中包含“我”时,按照“youheI”的顺序表达。如：Both Both hehe and and I I are working at are working at that computer companythat computer company.(我和他都在那家电脑公司上班) Who will Who will go therego there?(谁要去那儿？) YouYou and and meme.(你和我)人称代词it it除了可以指人指物之外,还可以表示“时间、天气、温度、距离、情况”等含义,此外还可以

5、作“非人称代词”使用,替代作主语或者宾语的不定式、动名词或者名词性从句。如：- -Whats the weather like today?Whats the weather like today?(今天天气怎样？)ItIts fine.s fine.(天气晴好) / -Whats the / -Whats the time?time?(几点啦？) ItIts 12s 12：00.00.(12点) / / ItIts a s a long way to go.long way to go.(那可要走好长的路) / / ItIt took him three daystook him three

6、 days to clean his to clean his househouse. .(打扫屋子花了他三天的时间) / / ItIt is is very clear very clear that the public want to that the public want to know when these men can go into know when these men can go into spacespace. .(很显然,公众想知道这些人什么时候能进入太空) / We found / We found it it very difficult very diffic

7、ult to to learn a foreign language welllearn a foreign language well.(我们发觉要学好一门外语是非常困难的)物主代词物主代词 说明事物所属关系的代词,分为形容词性和名词性两种。 第一人第一人第二人第二人第三人称单数第三人称单数第一人第一人称称复复 数数第二人第二人称称复复数数第三人第三人称称复复数数称单数称单数称单数称单数阳性阳性阴性阴性中性中性形容形容myyourhisheritsouryourtheir (他们的,她们的,它们的)词性词性(我的)(你的)(他的)(她的)(它的)(我们的)(你们的)名词名词mineYours

8、hishersitsoursyourstheirs(他们的,她们的,它们的)性性(我的)(你的)(他的)(她的)(她的)(我们的)(你们的) 1 1、形容词性物主代词、形容词性物主代词只能作句子中名词的修饰语,后面要跟名词。如：Is that Is that youryour umbrella? umbrella?(那是你的伞吗？) / I often go / I often go to see to see mymy aunt on Sundays. aunt on Sundays.(我经常在星期天去看望阿姨) / They are / They are their their books

9、 books.(是他们的书) 2 2、名词性物主代词、名词性物主代词相当于名词,既代替事物又表明所属关系,在句子中往往独立地作主语、宾语或者表语,后面千万不可以千万不可以跟名词。如：This is your cup,but where isThis is your cup,but where is mine mine? ?(这是你的杯子,可我的在哪儿？) / Your classroom is very big, but / Your classroom is very big, but oursours is rather small is rather small.(你们的教室很大,我们的

10、相当小) 3 3、“of of + 名词性物主代词”称为双重所有格,作定语时放在名词的后面。如：A friendA friend of mine of mine came to see me yesterday came to see me yesterday.(我的一个朋友昨天来看我了) (指若干朋友中有一个来看我。) 试比较试比较 MyMy friend came to see me yesterday friend came to see me yesterday.(我的朋友昨天来看我了)(指我的那个特定的朋友来看我。)反身代词反身代词 表示谓语的动作与主语有关或者宾语补足语的动作与宾语

11、有关。 第一人第一人第二人第二人第三人称单数第三人称单数第 一 人第 一 人称称复复数数第 二 人第 二 人称称复复数数第 三 人第 三 人称称复复数数称单数称单数称单数称单数阳性阳性阴性阴性中性中性myselfyourselfhimselfherselfitselfourselvesyourselvesthemselv e s ( 他他们们 /她她们们 /它它们们自自己己)(我自己我自己) (你自己你自己) (他自己他自己) (她自己她自己) (它自己它自己) (我们自我们自己己)(你们自你们自己己) 1、反身代词反身代词在句子中作宾语表示反射(指一个动作回到该动作执行者本身)。 如：Don

12、t play with the knife, you Dont play with the knife, you might hurt might hurt yourselfyourself. .(不要玩刀子,那会割伤你的) 2、在句子中作同位语表示强调(即用来强调名词或代词的语气)。 如：The storyThe story itself itself is good. Only he is good. Only he didnt tell it well.didnt tell it well.(故事本身是好的,只是他没有讲好)指示代词指示代词指示说明近处或者远处、上文或者下文、以前或者现在

13、的人或事物。单数复数含义this(这个)these(这些)指较近的人和物that(那个)those(那些)指较远的人和物such (这样的人/物)指上文提过的人和物same (同样的人/物)指和上文提过的相同的人和物it (这人/这物)指不太清楚是谁或者是什么时 指示代词既可以单独使用做句子的主语、宾语或表语,也可以作定语修饰名词。如：WhatsWhats this this? ?(这是什么？) / / That That model model plane is made of plastic.plane is made of plastic.(那只模型飞机是塑料做的)(被动句) / Rem

14、ember never / Remember never to do to do suchsuch things. things.(记得永远不要做这样的事情) / Do the / Do the same same as the teacher as the teacher tells you. tells you. (按老师说的做)/ -Who is / -Who is it it? ?(是谁？) - -ItIts me!s me!(是我！)关系代词关系代词 用来引导定语从句的代词叫关系代词关系代词,参见后面的定语从句。 1、关系代词who who 、whichwhich、 that tha

15、t 、whom whom 等,将定语从句和主句连接起来。英语中的关系代词一方面在从句中担任一定的成分,另一方面又起连接作用。 如：The student The student who is drawing a picture who is drawing a picture is in Grade One.is in Grade One.(正在画画的学生是一年级的) 2、关系代词who / whomwho / whom指人,如果作从句的宾语,则有时省略。 如：Do you know the man Do you know the man who is wearing who is weari

16、ng a red hata red hat? (你认识那个戴着红帽子的男人吗？) 3、关系代词whichwhich 指物,如果作从句的宾语,则有时省略。如：Have you found the Have you found the bookbook which you lost several days which you lost several days agoago? ?(你找到几天前丢失的那本书了吗？) 4、关系代词thatthat既可指人也可指物,如果作从句的宾语,则有时省略。如：Can you see Can you see the man/dogthe man/dog that

17、is running along that is running along the river bankthe river bank ?(你看得见顺着河跑的男人/狗了吗？)连接代词连接代词 用来引导用来引导宾语从句、主语从句或表语从句的连接词称的连接词称连接代词。 英语中连接代词主要有：whatwhat( (什什么么) ),who,who( (谁谁) ),whom,whom( (谁谁) ),which,which( (哪哪个个) ),whose,whose( (谁的谁的) )。详见相应从句。不定代词不定代词 代替或修饰不特指的人或事物的代词叫不定代词。 单数单数someno/eachonee

18、ither,sothe other,复合不含义含义anynone(every)neitheranother定代词不可不可数数muchlittle,all/the others/含义含义a little复数复数manyfew,onesbothothers,含义含义a few复合不定代词复合不定代词有12个：somethingsomething(某事), someone, someone(某人), , somebodysomebody(某人), anything, anything(任何事), anyone, anyone(任何人), anybody, anybody(任何人), nothing,

19、 nothing(没事),nobody,nobody(没有人), no one, no one(没有人), everything, everything(一切), , everyoneeveryone(每个人), everybody, everybody(每个人). . (1)(1)somesome和 any any 的用法：somesome一般用于肯定句中,意思是“几个”、“一些”、“某个”作定语时可修饰可数名词或不可数名词。如：I have I have somesome work to do today. work to do today. (今天我有些事情要做)/ They will

20、go there / They will go there somesome day day.(他们有朝一日会去那儿) some some 用于疑问句时,表示建议、请求或希望得到肯定回答。如：Would Would you like you like somesome coffee with sugar coffee with sugar?(你要加糖的咖啡吗？)any any 一般用于疑问句或否定句中,意思是“任何一些”、“任何一个”,作定语时可修饰可数或不可数名词。如：They didnt have They didnt have any any friends here. friends

21、here. (他们在这里没有朋友)/ Have you got/ Have you got any any questions to ask?questions to ask?(你有问题要问吗？)any any 用于肯定句时,意思是“任何的”。Come here withCome here with any any friendfriend.(随便带什么朋友来吧。)nono和nonenone的用法： nono是形容词,只能作定语表示,意思是“没有”,修饰可数名词(单数或复数)或不可数名词。如：There is There is nono time left. Please hurry up.

22、time left. Please hurry up.(没有时间了,请快点) / They had / They had nono reading books to lend reading books to lend.(他们没有阅读用书可以出借)nonenone只能独立使用,在句子中可作主语、宾语和表语,意思是“没有一个人(或事物)”,表示复数或单数。如：NoneNone of them is/are in the classroom. of them is/are in the classroom.(他们当中没有一个在教室里) / I have many books, / I have m

23、any books, but but nonenone is interesting is interesting.(我有很多的书,但没有一本是有趣的) allall和bothboth的用法 allall指三者或三者以上的人或物,用来代替或修饰可数名词；也可用来代替或修饰不可数名词。bothboth指两个人或物,用来代替或修饰可数名词。allall和bothboth在句子中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。如：I I know know allall of the four British students in their of the four British students in their

24、 school.school.(他们学校里四个英国学生我全认识) / -Would / -Would you like this one or that one? you like this one or that one? BothBoth.(你要这个还是那个？两个都要。)allall和bothboth既可以修饰名词(all/both+all/both+(thethe)+名词),也可以独立使用,采用“all/both + of the +all/both + of the +名词(复数)”的形式,其中的ofof 可以省略。如：AllAll (of) (the) boys are (of) (

25、the) boys are naughtynaughty.(是男孩都调皮)everyevery和eacheach用法： everyevery是形容词,只能作定语修饰单数名词,意思是“每一个”,表示整体概念；eacheach是形容词、代词,可用作主语、宾语、定语等,意思是“每个”或者“各个”,表示单个概念；each可以放在名词前,可以后跟of短语,与动词同时出现时要放在“be动词、助动词、情态动词”之后或者行为动词之前everyevery和eacheach都用作单数理解,但是下文中既可以用单数的代词(如he/him/his)也可以用复数的代词(如they/them/their)替代。如：Ever

26、yEvery one of the one of the students in his class studies very hard.students in his class studies very hard.(他班上每个学生学习都很用功) / They are very busy. / They are very busy. EachEach of them has something to do. of them has something to do.(他们很忙,人人都有事干) eithereither和neitherneither的用法： eithereither意思是“两个中

27、间的任何一个”；neitherneither是eithereither的否定形式,意思是“两个都不”。neitherneither和eithereither在句子中可作主语、宾语和定语等,都用作单数。如：I dont care I dont care much for what to drink. much for what to drink. EitherEither of the of the two will do.two will do. (我不介意喝些什么,两个之中随便哪个都行) / -Will you go there by bus / -Will you go there by

28、bus or by car? or by car? NeitherNeither. I will go there by . I will go there by train.train.(你坐公车去还是坐轿车去？一个都不坐,我坐火车去。)otherother、the otherthe other和anotheranother的用法： otherother意思是“另一”、“另一些”,有复数形式。在句子中可作主语、宾语和定语。anotheranother意思是“另外”、“又一个”,表示增加,在句中可作宾语和定语。如： Some girls are singing under the big ap

29、ple Some girls are singing under the big apple tree and tree and othersothers are sitting on the grass are sitting on the grass talkingtalking.(有些女孩在大苹果树下唱歌,别的就躺在草地上说话) / You have had several cakes. Do You have had several cakes. Do you really want you really want anotheranother one? one?(你已经吃了好几块饼子

30、了,你真的还要一块？) / I want / I want anotheranother four books.four books.(我还要四本书)anotheranother(另外的,再一,又一)与the the otherother(另外的一个) 主要从数量上区分,只有两个时用the otherthe other,在原先基础上增加用anotheranother。如： This is one This is one of your socks. Where isof your socks. Where is the the other other one?one?(这是你的一只袜子,还有一

31、只呢？) / I have eaten 4 cakes, / I have eaten 4 cakes, but I still want but I still want anotheranother.(我已经吃了4块蛋糕,但是我还要以块。)othersothers与the othersthe others的主要区别：othersothers指“剩余的人/物”(指大部分)；the othersthe others指“其余的人/物”,(指全部)。如：A few A few students are playing soccer while students are playing soccer

32、 while othersothers are watching them. are watching them.(有几个学生在踢足球,其他一些人在观看) / Two of the / Two of the ten boys are standing andten boys are standing and the others the others are sitting round themare sitting round them.(十个男孩中有两个站着,其他人都围着他们坐着。)manymany和muchmuch的用法 manymany意思是“很多”,与可数名词复数连用；muchmuc

33、h意思是“很多”,与不可数名词连用。它们在句中可作主语、宾语和定语等。如：I I dont have dont have manymany friends here. friends here.(在这里我没有很多的朋友。) / /ManyMany died in the died in the bus accident.bus accident.(许多人在公交车祸中丧失) / / We can learn We can learn muchmuch with the help of with the help of him.him.(在他的帮助之下我们能学到很多) manymany和muchm

34、uch一般用于否定句,肯定句中通常用a lot ofa lot of 或者lots of; many / muchlots of; many / much用于肯定句时可以在前面加上soso、veryvery或tootoo.如： There are There are a lot of a lot of people on people on the playground.the playground.(操场上有许多的人)/ / They havent got They havent got muchmuch work to do. work to do.(他们没有多少事情可做) / There

35、 are too / There are too manymany people in the room people in the room.(房间里人太多了。)fewfew、littlelittle、a fewa few、a a littlelittle的用法 fewfew、littlelittle意思是“很少几个”、“几乎没有”,有否定的意思,a fewa few、a littlea little意思是“有几个”、“有些”,有肯定的意思 ；fewfew、a fewa few与可数名词连用或代替可数的事物, little little、a littlea little与不可数名词连用或代替

36、不可数的事物。它们在句中可作主语、宾语和定语。如：He is very poor and he has He is very poor and he has littlelittle money. money.(他很穷,几乎没有什么钱。) / Dont worry. There is / Dont worry. There is still still a littlea little time left. time left.(别着急,还有一点儿时间呢。) / In that polar region there live / In that polar region there live

37、few few people.people.(在那个极地地区几乎不住人) / You can / You can get get a few a few sweets from himsweets from him.(你可以从他那儿弄到一些糖果)复合不定代词复合不定代词somebody ,something ,anything, somebody ,something ,anything, nothing ,everything, everybodynothing ,everything, everybody等是由some , some , any ,no ,every, any ,no ,e

38、very, 加上body, thingbody, thing 构成的,叫做复合不定代词,在句子中当单数使用。somebody, something, someone somebody, something, someone 一般用于肯定句中；anythinganything, anybody,anyone anybody,anyone一般用于疑问句、否定句和条件状语从句中。修饰复合不定代词的定语,应放在它们的后面。如：Hey,Lily. There is Hey,Lily. There is someonesomeone outside the door. outside the door.(

39、嗨,丽丽,门外有人。) /Di/Di(每个人)d you meet d you meet anyoneanyone when you when you came to school last Sunday?came to school last Sunday?(上个星期天你来学校时见到什么人了吗？)/He has He has nothingnothing muchmuch to do todayto do today.(他今天没有多少事情做)oneone与onesones用来代替上文的一个或多个人或事物,前面可以加冠词、形容词、指示代词、which等。如： Which Which jacke

40、t would you like, this jacket would you like, this oneone or that or that oneone? ?(你要哪件夹克,这件还是那件？ / I dont like the green / I dont like the green onesones. .(我不喜欢绿色的那些)soso可以代替一件事情,作句子的宾语或表语。如： I dont think I dont think soso. .(我认为不是这样的。) / He lost a book. / He lost a book. SoSo did I.did I.(他丢失了一本

41、书,我也是。) a lot ofa lot of、lots oflots of、a number of( /large numbers a number of( /large numbers of)of)、a great deal ofa great deal of、plenty ofplenty of的区别 五个“名词+介词”短语都表示“大量,许多”,a lota lot ofof(或lots oflots of)既可以修饰不可数不可数名词名词也可以修饰可数名词的复数可数名词的复数形式,可以相应地换为muchmuch和manymany；plenty ofplenty of“足够、大量”,既可

42、以修饰不可数名词不可数名词也可以修饰可数可数名词的复数名词的复数形式。 a number of / large a number of / large numbers ofnumbers of只可以修饰可数名词复数形式(它修饰的词作主语时谓语用复数形式)可以换为somesome、manymany、a lot ofa lot of、plenty ofplenty of。 a great deal ofa great deal of只可以修饰不可数名词不可数名词(它修饰的词作主语时谓语用单数形式)可以换为muchmuch。 如：A lot ofA lot of people think that

43、time is people think that time is money.money.(许多的人认为时间就是金钱。) / I / I dont have to do it in a hurry dont have to do it in a hurry because I have because I have plenty ofplenty of time. time.(我用不着赶忙,因为我有充足的时间。) / I have / I have a a number of number of letters to write today.letters to write today.(今

44、天我有好多信要写) / I spend / I spend a great deal a great deal of of time/money on shoppingtime/money on shopping.(在购物方面我花费了大量的时间/金钱。 nonenone、no oneno one、nobodynobody的区别：no oneno one和nobodynobody都表示“没有人”,仅指人,后面不跟ofof 短语,作主语时谓语用单数形式；nonenone表示“没有一个人/物”,可指人也可以指物,后面可跟ofof短语,作主语时谓语可用单数也可用复数。如：No oneNo one kn

45、ows how he knows how he managed to get the ticket.managed to get the ticket.(没有人知道他是怎样搞到那张票的) / / NobodyNobody handed handed in his/their composition(s) in his/their composition(s) yesterday.yesterday.(昨天没有一个人交作文。) / / None of my friendsNone of my friends came to see me came to see me that daythat d

46、ay.(那天没有一个朋友来看我。)相互代词相互代词 相互代词：相互代词：表示相互关系的词叫相互代词。each other ,one anothereach other ,one another是相互代词相互代词,译成“互相”,可以通用。each othereach other表示两者之间,而one antherone anther表示许多人之间。它们有所有格形式each others ,one anotherseach others ,one anothers。如： We must help We must help each othereach other when when we are in trouble.we are in trouble.(我们身处困境时要互相帮助。) / They sat there without / They sat there without talking to talking to one another / each one another / each other.o