英语中的明喻暗喻

1、 Simile is a kind of rhetorical method connecting two different things which have some common features by using the words “as” or “like”. In general, simile is a figure of speech that expresses a resemblance between things of different kinds (usually formed with “like” or “as”) 明喻(Simile)是常用as或like等

2、词将具有某种共同特征的两种不同事物连接起来的一种修辞手法。明喻的表达方法是：A像B。说甲像乙，也就是说本体像喻体。 明喻的本体、喻体、比喻词都出现，能明显地看出是在打比方的比喻词：“像（如、若”、“（如、若似的”、“像（如、若）一般”、“好比（好像、犹如、仿佛）”等。 My heart is like a singing bird.（我的心像一只歌唱的小鸟。） The expression method is: a is like b. It is said that ontology is like metaphors. Usually, it contains three parts: t

3、he ontology(本体）,metaphors（喻体） and the metaphor words（比喻词）.It can be clearly seen in terms of parable word like “such as, if.”, “such as though, if” or “like”, “as if”, “as though” ,“asas” ,“as it were”Army and people are as inseparable as fish and water. 军队和人民像鱼水一样不可分离.Soldiers like the countrys ste

4、el wall, guarding the frontier of frontier 战士就像国家的钢铁长城一样，守卫祖国的边疆 在英语中，也有很多习语也属于明喻As busy as a bee （极为忙碌）As cross as a bear(怒气冲冲)Like the bolt from the blue(晴天霹雳)To follow like sheep(盲从)To spring up like mushrooms(雨后春笋)My love is like a red, red rose Thats newly sprung in June;My love is like a melod

5、yThats sweetly played in tune (Robert Burns)啊，我爱人象红红的玫瑰，啊，我爱人象红红的玫瑰，在六月里苞放；在六月里苞放；啊，我爱人象一支乐曲，啊，我爱人象一支乐曲，乐声美妙、悠扬。乐声美妙、悠扬。 Shall I compare you to a summers day? 我能把你比作夏日吗？我能把你比作夏日吗？ (William Shakespeare)My heart is like a singing bird我的心就象正在唱歌的小鸟。我的心就象正在唱歌的小鸟。（1）本体和喻体分属不同性质的事物并同时出）本体和喻体分属不同性质的事物并同时出现在

6、句中现在句中； 猫的眼睛像老虎的眼睛。 The tiger is as brave as the lion. It is not a simile,because the things compared have too many points of resemblance.（2） 主体和喻体必须在某一点上（声色、形状、主体和喻体必须在某一点上（声色、形状、性质、性质、 功能等）相似，即有所谓的相似点；功能等）相似，即有所谓的相似点；（similarity) The diamond is as blue as the great(3) 用比喻词之类的引导方式引导。p I wondered lo

7、nely as a cloud.常见的比喻词：常见的比喻词：plike; unlike; it was a bit like； can be likened to ; as ; as if ; as though; pas it were； as comparable to ; may be compared to ; similar to; akin to ; be analogous to ; etc.qAs if/ as though 引导的启发型引导的启发型明喻，其特点是通过暗示性的联明喻，其特点是通过暗示性的联想引发人们洞察深层的内涵，所想引发人们洞察深层的内涵，所设的比喻或许不一定

8、能直接理解，设的比喻或许不一定能直接理解，但是一经思索，必达豁然，因此但是一经思索，必达豁然，因此这一比喻有言近意远的效果这一比喻有言近意远的效果。The woman made him fetch and carry just as if he was a great Newfoundland dog.这个女人叫他做这做那，简这个女人叫他做这做那，简直把他当作一条纽芬兰的大直把他当作一条纽芬兰的大狗。狗。uThe ruby shall be redder than a red rose,uAnd the sapphire shall be as blue as the great sea. (

9、O. Wilde)u红宝石将比红玖瑰还要红宝石将比红玖瑰还要红，红，u蓝宝石像大海一样蓝。蓝宝石像大海一样蓝。uAsas, more than句型与形容词同级比较、句型与形容词同级比较、 比较级的比较在语法和结构上是一致的，但它比较级的比较在语法和结构上是一致的，但它们不是简单的比较，而是属于两类不同性质事们不是简单的比较，而是属于两类不同性质事物之间的比较，在形容同级和比较级的结构中，物之间的比较，在形容同级和比较级的结构中，虽然也用虽然也用as as 或或more than把二者联系起把二者联系起来，但它只是一种简单的比较，而不是比喻。来，但它只是一种简单的比较，而不是比喻。uHe is

10、as tall as his father.uHe us taller than his father.ulike pattern:uMy mind goes round and round like the earth.u我的大脑像地球一样不停地转动。uHe was like a cat on hot bricks before his driving test.u在驾驶考试之前，他紧张得像热锅上的蚂蚁。uSoccer is spreading like wildfire through all the States.u足球像野火一样迅速传遍美国。uJenny and I was like

11、peas and carrots. 我和珍妮形影不离。uThey will never be able to save money to buy a new house they both spend money like water. 他们将永远积攒不起钱买新房子他们两人都花钱如水。Some patterns of simile as pattern:as + adj. + as + n. That man cant be trusted. Hes as slippery as an eel.那个人不可信，他像鳝鱼一样滑。Im as poor as a church mouse. 我一贫如洗

12、。My money and goods are as dear to me as life itself. 钱财对我来说如同生命一样宝贵。/ 我视财如命。 Metaphor 暗喻 可以分为3个类型： (1) 喻体直述式：把本体和喻体说成是一件事。 A book that is shut is but a block.总是合着的书只不过是一块砖头而已。(2) 喻体半隐式He doesnt have an idea of his own. He just parrots what other people say. 他没有自己的观点，只会鹦鹉学舌。 A heavy silence blankete

13、d the room.整个房子沉浸在一片沉默中。They stormed the speaker with questions.他们猛烈质问演讲者。 noun patternnoun pattern名词型名词型: : A is BA is BTime isis money. 时间就是金钱。Beauty without virtue isis a rose without fragrance. 没有德行的美丽好比没有芬芳的玫瑰。Some people think that marriage isis a lottery. 有些人认为婚姻是缘分。He isis the eyes and ears

14、of the manager. 他是经理的耳目。Look at that guy all meat and no potatoes. 瞧那个家伙，浑身都是肉。I waswas, inwardly, all white flag. 我内心里却妥协了。Greece waswas the cradle of Western culture. 希腊是西方文化的发源地/摇篮。The old mans face isis a map of time. 那老人脸就是岁月的写照。verb patternverb pattern动词型动词型: : Snow clothes the ground. 雪覆盖了大地。

15、The case snowballed into one of the most famous trials in U.S. history. 这个案子像滚雪球似地最终成了美国历史上最著名的审判之一。A stranger then is still dogging us. 一个陌生人仍在跟踪我们。My desk is flooded with paper. 我的桌子上堆满了纸，就像洪水泛滥一样。The years have silvered her hair. 岁月已使她的鬓发如霜。The population mushroomed in the postwar decades. 战后数十年里

16、人口快速增长。My heart was pumping. 我的心怦怦直跳。He doesnt have any idea of his own. He just parrots what other people say.他没有自己的观点，只会鹦鹉学舌。adjective pattern形容词型形容词型:The mountainous waves swallowed up the ship. 山一般的巨浪吞没了那艘船。I was all smiles, looking forward to a pleasant, homey evening.我满心欢喜，盼望度过一个家庭般舒适的夜晚。He ga

17、ve Nancy a wintry smile. 他给莱西一个冷笑。idiom pattern:We mended our fences. 我们重修旧好。-of- phrase pattern: A policeman waved me out of the snake of traffic and flagged me to stop. 一位警察招手要我从长蛇般的车流中出来，并挥旗叫我停下。The lecturer looked down at the sea of faces beneath him. 演讲者俯视下面无数的面孔。We have come a long way since t

18、hen, in part as a fruit of his labors. 从那以后，我们取得了巨大进展，其中一部分是他努力的结果。They tied pillows on top of their heads as protection against the shower of rocks. 他们把枕头绑在头上以防倾泻而下的岩石。Note: The difference between simile and metaphor is that simile points out the similarity between two compared things directly, whi

19、le metaphor does not do like that and its meaning is implied, you have to read between the lines. Similes and metaphors must also meet the following two requirements:1) The tenor and the vehicle must represent things of different categories.2) There must be similarities between the tenor and the veh

20、icle. 借喻不同于一般的比喻，其特点不是想而是联想。它不直接说出要说的事物，而是用与该事物有着不可分离关系的另一事物来表现，即相当于汉语的借代。借喻中本体、喻体均不出现，直接用喻体代替本体，表达形象、生动，语言简练。通过联想读者不仅知道所写的是什么，而且能想起所说事物的特征，留下深刻的印象。 He chose the gun instead of the cap and gown.(分别借代Joined the armed forces和high education)他选择了参军，而不是深造。 Have you ever read Shakes Peare(借代the works by Shakespeare)你读过莎士比亚的作品吗? The coat wonle be beyond his miserable pocke(借代money)他的钱少得可怜，买不起那件大衣。 The pen is stronger than the sword(gun)(分别借代those