八年级英语unit6Howlonghaveyoubeencollectingshells课件人教版

1、信：人言可畏信：人言可畏誓言：有口无心誓言：有口无心警示语：当你失去的时警示语：当你失去的时候才想拥有候才想拥有He laughs best who laughs last! Unit 6How long have you been collecting shells? New words1. collect v. 2. collection n. 3. collector n. 4. skate v. /n. 5. skater n. 6. go skating 7. run out of look out of out of styleEurope EuropeanChina Chines

2、eRussia RussianJapan JapaneseJew Jewishshell / el/贝壳贝壳marathon 马拉松马拉松skater /skeit /溜冰者溜冰者skate/skeit/溜冰溜冰,溜冰鞋溜冰鞋Read by yourselves loudly . 放开声音自己读放开声音自己读.自自 学学 (1)/mr n/ 勇敢的你勇敢的你 不会不会 就问就问 Collect shellsCollect coinsCollect stamps Collect kitesCollect toy animalsSnow globeskitesflying a kite stamp

3、 teapot stone flash card doll picture bookMany people like to collect. They often collect Many people like to collect. They often collect paper money traffic card coin watch / clock newspaper ticket picture post card credit card drawing?was born?started teaching Englishhave been teaching? yearsI sta

4、rted teaching English in 2001.I have been teaching English 2013teachMy teaching lifefor 12 years.since 12 years ago.since 2001.since I was 23 years old.1978200112was bornstarted learning Englishhave been learning1.5 yearsI started learning English in.I have been learning English 2013studyTask1Task1S

5、peakingSpeakingsinceforYour lifexxx20115How long have you been learning English ?Yao Mings sports life1980was born1989started playing basketballhas been playing24 yearsHe started playing basketball in 1989.He has been playing basketball since 1989.He has been playing basketball for 24 years.2013play

6、sHe has been playing basketball since 24 years ago.He has been playing basketball since he was 10 years old. A:How long has she been palying football ?B:She has been playing football for 30 minutes. /since 30 minutes ago. playing football 30 minutessleeping40 minutes playing computer 4 hourswatching

7、 TV3 hours skating 2 hourscooking 1 hourTask2Task2现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别 I1.现在完成时现在完成时: have + 过去分词过去分词表示在某一特定表示在某一特定时间之前曾经发时间之前曾经发生过的动作生过的动作, ,或或者到这一时间为者到这一时间为止已经完成的动止已经完成的动作作. .2.现在完成进时现在完成进时:have + been +现在分词现在分词 (1)(1)表示从过去某一时间开表示从过去某一时间开始一直在进行的动作始一直在进行的动作, , 并并有可能持续下去有可能持续下去, , 强调动强调动

8、作的全过程；作的全过程； 表示从过去到现在的重表示从过去到现在的重复性动作。复性动作。 (2)(2)注意注意: :多用于延续性动多用于延续性动词，如词，如work, live, study, skate, collect 概念概念: 动作从动作从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在, 并且有可能持续下去并且有可能持续下去构成构成: have / has been + doing sth +常用词常用词 : for +一段时间一段时间 ;since+ e.g. How long have you been swimming? I have been swimming fo

9、r 3 years./ since 3 years ago. How long has she been skating? She has been skating since nine oclock.现在完成进行时现在完成进行时从句从句 (一般过去时一般过去时)一段时间一段时间+ ago过去的时间点过去的时间点时间状语时间状语: 1. for +一段时间一段时间 2. since +过去的时间点过去的时间点 3. since +一般过去时的句子一般过去时的句子 表示动作从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在或离表示动作从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在或离现在不远的时间。其动作是否继续下去，由上下文

10、而定。现在不远的时间。其动作是否继续下去，由上下文而定。这个时态多用于延续性动词。这个时态多用于延续性动词。现在完成进行时现在完成进行时构成：构成： have / has been + V.ing +How long have you been doing? Ive been doingfor+一段时间一段时间since+一个时间点一个时间点 + 一段时间一段时间+ago+ago + 从句从句注意点三：注意点三：have been in, have been to 与与have gone to 的用法的用法1、have (has) been in 表示表示“在某地（多长时间）在某地（多长时间）

11、”，现在仍在那里。常与表，现在仍在那里。常与表示一段时间的状语连用。例如：示一段时间的状语连用。例如：Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days. 布朗来上海已经有三天了。布朗来上海已经有三天了。They have been in Canada for five years. 他们到加拿大有五年了。他们到加拿大有五年了。2、have( has)been to表示表示“曾经去过某地曾经去过某地”，现在已经不在那里了。可与，现在已经不在那里了。可与just, ever, never等连用，例如：等连用，例如：I have just been to t

12、he post office. 我刚才去邮局了。我刚才去邮局了。Mary has never been to the Great Wall. 玛丽从未去过长城。玛丽从未去过长城。Have you ever been to Hangzhou before? 你以前曾经去过杭州吗？你以前曾经去过杭州吗？Have (has) been to 后面可接次数，表示去过某地几次。例如：后面可接次数，表示去过某地几次。例如：They have been to that village several times. 他们去过那个村庄好几次了。他们去过那个村庄好几次了。3、have (has) gone to

13、意为意为“到某地去了到某地去了”，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。总之，说话时该人不在现场，例如：中。总之，说话时该人不在现场，例如：-Where is Tom? -He has gone to the bookshop. 他到书店去了。他到书店去了。Jack Johnson has gone to London. 杰克杰克.约翰逊到伦敦去了。约翰逊到伦敦去了。动词的过去分词的规则变化，在动词后加ed，规则变化有以下四种：原形+ed 如：worked, passed 词尾是e时，直接加d 如：liked lived若词尾为“辅音字母加y”，则改y为i加ed。词尾

14、为“元音字母+y”时，直接加d；如: played stayed studied cried 末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节是，双写最后一个辅音字母加ed. 如： stopped dropped 动词的过去分词的规则变化初中英语不规则动词巧记法 英语动词按其过去式和过去分词的构成方式可分为英语动词按其过去式和过去分词的构成方式可分为规则动词和不规则动词。规则动词的过去式和过去分规则动词和不规则动词。规则动词的过去式和过去分词由词尾加词由词尾加-ed-ed构成，而不规则动词的变化因词而异。构成，而不规则动词的变化因词而异。但如对不规则动词的过去式和过去分词做一分析，就但如对不规则动词的过去式和

15、过去分词做一分析，就可发现其中的可发现其中的“规则规则”。为方便同学们记忆，现将初。为方便同学们记忆，现将初中英语中英语( (新目标新目标go for it)go for it)中常见的不规则动词的原形、过中常见的不规则动词的原形、过去式和过去分词列出并规为五种类型。同学们还可将去式和过去分词列出并规为五种类型。同学们还可将第四、五类分为若干组，以便准确记忆。第四、五类分为若干组，以便准确记忆。一、一、AAA型（动词原形、过去式、过去分词同形）型（动词原形、过去式、过去分词同形）cost（花费）（花费） cost cost cut（割）（割） cut cuthit（打）（打） hit hit

16、hurt (伤害）伤害） hurt hurtlet（让）（让） let let put（放）（放） put putset（设置）（设置） set set read（读）（读） readred/ read red/ 二、二、 AAB型（动词原形与过去式同形）型（动词原形与过去式同形）beat（跳动）（跳动） beat beaten三、三、 ABA型（动词原形与过去分词同形）型（动词原形与过去分词同形）become（变成）（变成） became become come（来）（来） came come四四、 ABB型（过去式与过去分词同形）型（过去式与过去分词同形） get（得到）（得到） got

17、gothold（抓住）（抓住） held held sit（坐）（坐） sat sat win （赢）（赢） won wonmeet（遇见）（遇见） met met keep （保持）（保持） kept keptsleep（睡）（睡） slept slept五、五、 ABC型（动词原形、过去式与过去分词三者不同形）型（动词原形、过去式与过去分词三者不同形）give（给）（给） gave given rise（升高）（升高） rose risentake（取）（取） took taken mistake（弄错）（弄错） mistook mistakenride（骑）（骑） rode ridden

18、 write（写）（写） wrote writtendo（做）（做） did done go（去）（去） went gonesee（看见）（看见） saw seenspeak（说，讲（说，讲) spoke spokenbe ( am, is, are )（是）（是） was, were been 非延续性动词不能与时间段连用：非延续性动词不能与时间段连用：go/come/begin/start/die/buy/borrow/sell/leave/arrive/receive/become等词语是瞬间动词表示的动作是一时的，等词语是瞬间动词表示的动作是一时的，不能延续，不能与不能延续，不能与fo

19、r、since等表示一段时间的词连用，等表示一段时间的词连用，也不能用于也不能用于how long引导的疑问句中。引导的疑问句中。如不能说：如不能说：He has borrowed the book for two months.()但可以说：但可以说：He has kept the book for 2 months.或：或：It has been 2 months since he borrowed the book. 或：或：Two months has passed since he borrowed the book. 这些瞬间动词常与它对应的可以表示时间段的词语进行互换。这些瞬间动

20、词常与它对应的可以表示时间段的词语进行互换。becomebe borrowkeep buyhave begin (start)be on openbe open diebe dead leave-be away come-be here/in go outbe outjoin-be a member/be in begin to study-study注明：非延续性动词在否定结构中可用于现在完成时态：注明：非延续性动词在否定结构中可用于现在完成时态：I havent bought anything for two days.Read the following message. Then dr

21、aw lines to match the snow globes with their descriptions.Dear Jack, Thanks for sending me the snow globe of the monster. I love it. In fact I think its probably my favorite. Ive been collecting snow globes for seven years, and now I have 226 of them. My mom says I have to stop, because weve run out

22、 of room to store them. Theyre all around our apartment. I even store them in boxes under my bed. The first one I ever got was a birthday cake snow globe on my seventh birthday. I particularly love globes with animals. I have a big one with bears in it, and another one with penguins. If you know any

23、one else who collects them, please tell me. Id like to start a snow globe collectors club. By the way, whats your hobby? Love, Ellensend sb sth = send sth to sb 送给某人某物送给某人某物monster n. 怪物；妖怪怪物；妖怪run out of 用完；用尽用完；用尽store v. 储存储存cake n. 蛋糕蛋糕particularly adv. 独特地；显著地，特别地独特地；显著地，特别地anyone pron. 任何人任何人s

24、tart v. 发起；开办发起；开办collector n. 收藏家收藏家by the way 顺便；附带说说顺便；附带说说Words and ExpressionsWords and Expressions Draw lines to match the snow globes with their descriptions.the snow globe of the monster the big globe with two bear in itthe globe with penguins the birthday cake snow globe have (has) gone和hav

25、e (has) been的区别1.have (has) gone表示“已经去某地了”She has gone to Shanghai .(她可能已在去上海的路上，或已到上海，总之现在不在这里。)2.have (has) been表示“曾经去过某地”She has been to Shanghai three times.(她已经不在上海，只说明她曾经去过。)不规则动词的过去式以及过去分词巧记规律 AAA: put put put letlet let ABA: becomebecamebecome ABB: standstoodstood ABC: eat ateeatenAAA cost-c

26、ost-cost read-read-read put-put-put cut-cut-cut let-let-let set-set-set beat-beat-beat hit-hit-hit hurt-hurt-hurt spit-spit-spit rid-rid-rid 一、原形、过去式和过去分词的词形和读音都相同的单词，结尾字母一般是t或d。 特殊：动词read的过去式和过去分词虽然词形与原形一致，read-read-read，但发音分别是ri:d-red-red。 有些动词的过去分词与原形是一样的:run-ran-runcome-came-come become-became-b

27、ecomeovercome-overcame-overcomeABA原型原型过去式过去式过去分词过去分词例词例词-eep-ept-eptkeep,sweep,sleep-ell-old-oldsell,tell-d-t-tlend,spend,send,build-ay-aid-aidsay,pay,lay-n-nt-ntburn,learn,mean-ee-e-e-meet,feed-ought-oughtbring,buy,fight,think-aught-aughtcatch,teachABB(含规则动词含规则动词)1.另有一些其它形式的变化。have (has)-had-had le

28、ave-left-leftlose-lost-lost make-made-madefeel-felt-felt spell-spelt-spelt stand-stood-stood2. 改变单词中间元音字母。sit-sat-sat (babysit) win-won-wonshine-shone-shone hold-held-heldfind-found-found hear-heard-heardhang-hung (hanged)-hung (hanged)ABB(含规则动词含规则动词)ABC原型原型过去式过去式过去分过去分词词例词例词-eak-oke-okenbreak,speak

29、-eal-ole-olensteal-ear-ore-ornwear,bear,tear-ow（aw）-ew-owngrow,blow,know,throw,draw-i-a-u-sink,swim,drink,ring,sing,begin-i-o-ndrive,rise,ride,writeABC有些动词的过去分词是在原形词尾加n或en，变成以en结尾的单词。 take-took-taken give-gave-givenfall-fell-fallen eat-ate-eatenwrite-wrote-written speak-spoke-spokenfreeze-froze-froz

30、en ride-rode-ridden get-got-gotten (got) forget-forgot-forgotten (forgot)特殊： am/is-was-been are-were-been,do (does)-did-done go-went-gonesee-saw-seen show-showed-shown (showed) lie-lay (lied)-lain (lied) 比较现在完成时和过去时的区别：比较现在完成时和过去时的区别：*现在完成时所表示的是过去的发生的动作对现在现在完成时所表示的是过去的发生的动作对现在造成的影响和结果，强调的是现在的情况，所以造成

31、的影响和结果，强调的是现在的情况，所以不能和表示过去的时间状语连用，如：不能和表示过去的时间状语连用，如：yesterday，last night, three weeks ago, in 1990。*一般过去时表示的是过去发生的动作或状态，和一般过去时表示的是过去发生的动作或状态，和现在不发生联系，它可以和表示过去的时间状语现在不发生联系，它可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。连用。I have seen the film.(我了解这部电影的内容。我了解这部电影的内容。)I saw the film last week.（只说明上星期看了这部（只说明上星期看了这部电影，不涉及现在的情况。）电影，不

32、涉及现在的情况。）总结现在完成时：总结现在完成时：1、构成：、构成：have / has +过去分词过去分词。2、概念：、概念：(1)表示过去或已经完成的某一动作对现在表示过去或已经完成的某一动作对现在 成的影响成的影响或结果。常与下列状语连用或结果。常与下列状语连用:already, just, yet, ever, never, before(2)表示过去已经发生，持续到现在的动作或状态，表示过去已经发生，持续到现在的动作或状态，可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在（包括可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在（包括“现现在在”在内）的一段时间的状语连用。在内）的一段时间的状语连用。 a.for和

33、表示一段时间的词组连用。和表示一段时间的词组连用。如：如：for 3 years b.since和表示过去某一时刻的词或词组连用和表示过去某一时刻的词或词组连用。如：如：since 1997, since two years ago,since last week 时态填空时态填空:1.How long _you_ (collect) stamps? For half a year.2.How long _he _(skate)? Since I _(be) ten years old.3.When _he _(start) learning to dance? In 2002.4.We_(r

34、un) on the playground since 6 oclock a.m.havehasbeen skatingwasdidstartbeen collectinghave been running选择填空：1.( ) How long _you _ last year? A. have/slept B. have/been sleeping C. were/sleeping2.( ) When _he_ class today? A. did/start B.is/start C.has/been starting3.( ) How long _you_? I have been s

35、wimming for an hour. A. have/swum B. have/ been swimming C. did/swim4. ( ) I have been learning English since I_ seven years old. A. am B. was C. have been5.( ) Thank you for_ to me.A. write B. writing C. wrote AABBB7.Im interested _science now. A. on B. at C. in8.I have a good friend _France whose

36、name is Paul. A. of B. in C. for9. Can you tell me the differences _Chinese food _Western food? A. / and B./ or C between and10.Im glad to hear that Tom has_. A. arrived B. arrived in C. got11. Can you tell me _in todays newspaper? A. some interesting things B. any interesting thing C. something int

37、eresting CBCAC1.( )Ive been learning English _seven years _ . A. for, old B. since, old C. since, ago D. for, ago2.( ) When did you start skating? -_ . A. Since two years ago B. Since I was nine years old C. For six hours D. Five years ago CD( )3.Mr Smith _ at this school since he _ Xiamen . A. has

38、been teach, came B. has been teaching, came C. taught, came D. has been teaching, has come( )4. This pair of shoes _ very nice _ expensive . A. are, but B. is , but C. are , and D. is , and BBFill in the blank with for or since1.I have been practicing the piano _ 10:30.2.Maricia has been running _ 1

39、5 minutes.3.Sarah has been sleeping since_ 9:00.4Dale has been talking on the phone _5 minutes.5.Louie has been studying Chinese _ he was 6 years old.6.I have been watching you _10 minutes. sinceforsinceforsincefor一、用一、用for和和since填空填空 They have been learning Chinese _ they came to China.2. I havent

40、seen her _ a long time.3. He has been living here _ 2001.4. She has been doing her homework _ two hours.5. Its 5 years _ we left school.6. How long has Mary been a teacher? _ two years ago. sinceforsinceforsinceSince1.How long _you_ (collect) stamps Since half an hour ago. 2.How long _he _(skate)? S

41、ince he _(be) ten years old.3.When _he _(start) learning English. In 2002.4.We_ (run) on the playground since 6 oclock a.m. havehasbeen skatingwasdidstartbeen collectinghave been running二二 、时态填空、时态填空( (过去时或现在完成进行时过去时或现在完成进行时) )5. three and a half yeas数词+and+a half+复数名词 数词+单数或复数名词+a halfHe ate one and a half apples.(正)He ate one apple and a half (正)He ate one apple and a half apple. (误)两个半,三个半等类似说法,也都用这两种结构,如: two and a half oranges two oranges and a half1.thanks for + n