选修7 第四单元Learning about Language

1、 Unit 4 Sharing Learning about Language1. _ to change slightly to make something work better 2. _ a metal shelf for cooking meat, toasting bread, etc 3. _ connected with what is being done or discussed1 Find words in the unit that have the following meanings. adjustgrillrelevant4. _ an idea 5. _ an

2、honour 6. _ something that has been organized 7. _ written work in an office, such as writing reports or letters 8. _ to breathe air into your nose noisily conceptprivilegearrangementpaperworksniffotherwise, airmail, be dying to, adjust, muddy, hear from, fortnight, platform, remote 2 Complete the p

3、aragraph with the words or phrases below in their proper forms. Sharon looked at herself in the mirror and sighed. She had posted the _ letter to Tim last week but had had no reply. She smoothed her hair down with a wet comb, wiped her _ shoes, and thought about the three months she had known him. H

4、e was the nicest boy she had ever met, _ she would not have fallen in love with him. airmailotherwisemuddyShe still remembered that he _ quickly when he heard she came from a _ village. At first she had _ him every week but now she had not heard for a _. Why? She had decided to find out. She walked

5、down the _ to catch the train to New York feeling both excited and nervous. She _ see him again but what if he didnt want to see her? adjustedwas dying toremote heard fromfortnightplatform 1. (dry _) to become completely dry2. (dry _) to become dry on the surface3. (dry _) to come to an end4. (hear

6、_) to listen to somebody till the end5. (hear _) to receive a letter or a phone call from someonefromout/upoffupout3 Look at these definitions and make suitable phrasal verbs with the words in the right box. 6. (hear _) to have knowledge of sb/sth7. (be dying _) to want to do something very much8. (

7、die _) to disappear or stop existing completely9. (die _) to gradually get quieter downoffor/toout The Attributive Clause 1 He is a famous player.123He is the famous player who has become one of the volunteers of China Bone Marrow(骨髓骨髓) Bank. 4He is a singer.He was the singer whose money was complet

8、ely spent in sponsoring(资助资助) poor children to go to school. This is the volunteer sign which/that is designed for the 29th Beijing Olympic Games. This is a volunteer sign. It is one part of our country where lots of graduators are willing to go and help poor people. It is one part of our country.A.

9、 Xu Benyu is a 24-year-old boy. B. His family is very poor.Xu Benyu is a 24-year-old boy whose family is very poor.A.When he was still a student, he began to sponsor those students.B. Those students were poorer than him. When he was still a student, he began to sponsor those students who were poorer

10、 than him.A. Xu Benyu is the very person.B. We should learn from him.Xu Benyu is the very person whom we should learn from.The man who lives next to us sells vegetables.先行词先行词放置于名词之放置于名词之_，修饰名词的从句，修饰名词的从句关系词关系词1. 连接作用连接作用2. 在从句中充当成分在从句中充当成分后后关系词关系词1. 关系代词关系代词2. 关系副词关系副词1.指人指人2.指物指物3.指某一情况指某一情况that w

11、ho whom whosethat which whosewhichas不能放于句首不能放于句首放于句中或句首放于句中或句首“正如正如”when wherewhy(主语主语/宾语宾语)(状语状语)=介词介词+which引导定语从句的关系代词引导定语从句的关系代词 that which who whom whose that 即指人又指物即指人又指物, 作主语或宾语。作主语或宾语。Which 指物指物, 作主语或宾语。作主语或宾语。who, whom 指人指人, who作主语或宾语，作主语或宾语，whom 作宾语。作宾语。that, which, whom 在定语从句中作宾语时在定语从句中作宾语

12、时,可省去。可省去。1. that 在从句中作主语或宾语在从句中作主语或宾语, , 指人和物。指人和物。1) A plane is a machine that can fly. (主语主语)2) The noodles that I cooked were delicious. (宾语宾语)3) Lets ask the man that is reading the book over there. (主语主语)4) The girl that we saw yesterday is Jimsister. (宾语宾语)2. which 在从句中作主语或宾语在从句中作主语或宾语, , 指物指

13、物1) They planted the trees which didnt need much water. (主语主语)2) The fish which we bought were not fresh. (宾语宾语)3. who、whom 在从句中分别作主语和宾语在从句中分别作主语和宾语 (口语中口语中who也可作宾语也可作宾语)1) The foreigner who visited our school yesterday is from Canada. (主语主语)2) The boy who broke the window is called Michael. (主语主语)

14、3) The person to whom you just talked is Mr. Li. (宾语宾语)4) Mr. Read is the professor to whom you should write. (宾语宾语)4. whose 在从句中作定语在从句中作定语, ,指人或物。指人或物。1) Miss Flower is the teacher whose house caught fire last week.2) This is the boy whose composition the teacher talked of.3) This is the book whose

15、 cover is blue.1.关系代词关系代词whose还可以在从句中与它所修饰还可以在从句中与它所修饰 的词一起作介词宾语。如的词一起作介词宾语。如:The boss in whose company my father worked is a very kind person.NOTE2. 当先行词是当先行词是one, ones, anybody, anyone, all, none, those 等等, 指人时一般用指人时一般用who, 不用不用that。 Those who want to go to the cinema will have to wait at the gate

16、 of the school. 在以疑问词在以疑问词who开头的句子中开头的句子中, 或关系代词在或关系代词在 从句中作表语时从句中作表语时, 用用that, 不用不用who。 Who is the man that is shouting there? She is not the girl that she used to be. 3. 先行词是人先行词是人, 从句中缺动词宾语或介词宾语从句中缺动词宾语或介词宾语 时时, 用用whom或或that(介词后不用介词后不用that)。 The teacher wants to return the book to the girl from w

17、hom he borrowed it. He is the student (whom, who, that) you want to see. 关系代词关系代词 that, which, whom 在从句中作在从句中作 宾语时可省略掉。但放在介词后面时则宾语时可省略掉。但放在介词后面时则 不可省略不可省略, 如上面第一句如上面第一句from后面的后面的whom 就不能省略。就不能省略。4.下列情况只用下列情况只用that不用不用which引导定语从句。引导定语从句。 1) 先行词是先行词是 all, little, few, much, anything, everything, nothi

18、ng, none, no one, some等等 不定代词。不定代词。 Is there anything that I can do for you? 2) 先行词被先行词被all, every, no, some, little, few, much, one of , the only, the very, the right, 等所修饰时。等所修饰时。 The only thing that he could do was waiting. The last place that they visited was Beijing.3) 先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。先行词前有序

19、数词或形容词最高级修饰时。 This is the first film that Ive ever seen. The last place that they visited was Beijing.4) 先行词中既有人又有物时。先行词中既有人又有物时。 We were deeply impressed by the teachers and schools that we had visited.5) 先行词被先行词被 the only, the very, the same, the last 修饰时。修饰时。6) 在疑问词在疑问词 who、which、what开头的句子中开头的句子中

20、, 要用要用that。 Whoever that is content with a little progress cant make big achievements.7) 关系代词在定语从句中作表语只用关系代词在定语从句中作表语只用that。 He is no longer the man that he used to be. This is no longer the dirty place (that) it used to be.注意注意, 先行词是人时一般不受上述情况的限先行词是人时一般不受上述情况的限制。但是制。但是 a. 当主句是以当主句是以 who 开头的特殊疑问句时开头

21、的特殊疑问句时, 为了避免为了避免 重复重复, 最好不用最好不用who来引导定语从句来引导定语从句, 而用而用that (宾格可以用宾格可以用whom)来引导。来引导。b. 当先行词是当先行词是 those 时宜用时宜用who。c. 当先行词和定语从句相隔离时宜用当先行词和定语从句相隔离时宜用who。 I met a foreigner in the street yesterday who could asked me questions in Chinesed. 当一个句子带有两个定语从句时当一个句子带有两个定语从句时, 其中一个其中一个 用用that另一个宜用另一个宜用who。 The

22、man that you met in the street yesterday is the one who stole your wallet.Are you clear now?OK. Lets do some exercises!Fill in the blanks with who, whom, that, which or whose1.The earthquake _ hit the city in 1906 was the biggest in American history.2.We dont know the number of people _ lost their h

23、omes in 1906 earthquake.that / who which /that 3.The house _ they built in 1987 stayed up in the earthquake. 4. A house _ is built on sand may fall down in a earthquake. 5. Luckily none of the people _ I know were killed in the earthquake.6. Harry is the boy _ mother is our maths teacher.which / tha

24、twho/whom/thatwhosethat / which 1. The famous basketball star, _ tried to make a comeback, attracted a lot of attention. A. where B. when C. which D. who解析解析: 本题考察定语从句关联词的选择，本题考察定语从句关联词的选择，从句意可知先行词从句意可知先行词the famous basketball star(著名的篮球明星著名的篮球明星)是人是人, 所以应用表示人的所以应用表示人的关联词关联词who。真题解析真题解析D2. (2006 北京北

25、京) Women _ drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those _dont. A who; / B /; who C who; who D / ; /解析解析: 本题考查两个定语从句本题考查两个定语从句, 这两个定语这两个定语从句都缺少主语从句都缺少主语, 在定语从句中在定语从句中, 如果是关系如果是关系代词做定语从句的主语代词做定语从句的主语, 关系代词不能省略，关系代词不能省略，故答案选故答案选 C。C3. (2006 福建福建) Loo

26、k out! Dont get too close to the house _ roof is under repair. A. whose B. which C. of which D. that解析解析: whose 在定语从句中做在定语从句中做 roof 的定语，的定语，用于修饰用于修饰 house. A4. (2005 福建福建)- Is that the small town you often refer to? -Right, just the one _ you know I used to work for years. A. that B. which C. where

27、D. what解析解析: 从句中从句中 you know是插入语是插入语, 所以用所以用where引导表示地点的定语从句。引导表示地点的定语从句。C1. By nine oclock, all the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top of Mount Qomolangma, _ appeared a rare rainbow soon. (2008福建）福建） A. of which B. on which C. from which D. above which高考链接高考链接 - 2008D 2. The man pulled out a

28、 gold watch, _ were made of small diamonds. (2008陕西卷陕西卷)A. the hands of whomB. whom the hands ofC. which the hands of D. the hands of whichD 3. The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors, _ are beyond our control. (2008湖南卷湖南卷) A. most of them B. most of which C. most of what D

29、. most of thatB 4. Villagers here depend on the fishing industry, _ there wont be much work. (2008上海春招上海春招) A. where B. that C. by which D. without whichD 5. For many cities in the world, there is no room to spread out further, _ New York is an example. A. for which B. in which C. of which D. from w

30、hichC 6. We went through a period _ communications were very difficult in the rural areas. (2008年上海卷年上海卷) A. which B. whose C. in which D. with whichC 1. It is reported that two schools, _ are being built in my hometown, will open next year. 2007 四川卷四川卷 A. they both B. which both C. both of them D. both of which2. We shouldnt spent our money testing so many people, most of _ are healthy. 2007北京卷北京卷 A. that B. which C.