初三复习---名词,代词,数词,情态动词

1、初三名词，代词，数词，情态动词寒假复习1. 1. 掌握名词的复数构成方法掌握名词的复数构成方法2 2、掌握不可数名词的用法、掌握不可数名词的用法3 3、掌握名词所有格的用法、掌握名词所有格的用法1、知道名词的定义及分类、知道名词的定义及分类Y1. 定义：表示人，事物或抽象概念等的词叫 名词Y2. 分类：名词名词可数名词可数名词 不可数名词不可数名词普通名词普通名词专有名词专有名词个体名词个体名词集体名词集体名词物质名词物质名词抽象名词抽象名词2、名词的复数构成方法之一、名词的复数构成方法之一规则名词规则名词Ya一般情况下，直接加一般情况下，直接加-s，如：，如：book-books, bag-

2、bags, cat-cats, bed-beds ；Y读音：清辅音后读读音：清辅音后读s，浊辅音和，浊辅音和 元音后读元音后读z。Y b以以 s. x. sh. ch 结尾，加结尾，加-es，如：，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches ；读音：；读音：iz。 Yc以以“辅音字母辅音字母+y”结尾，变结尾，变 y 为为 i, 再加再加-es，如：，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries ；读音：；读音：z。 Y注：注：以以y结尾的专有名词，或元音字母结尾的专有名词，或元音字母+y 结

3、尾的名词变复数结尾的名词变复数时，直接加时，直接加s变复数：变复数： 如：如：two Marys the Henrys monkey-monkeysholiday-holidays比较：比较： 层楼：层楼：storey -storeys story-storiesYd以以“f 或或 fe”结尾，变结尾，变 f 或或 fe 为为 v, 再加再加-es，如：如：knife-knives ，thief-thieves；读音：；读音：z。 Y口诀：口诀：妻子骑牛拿起刀，妻子骑牛拿起刀，wife，calf，knife Y 追得贼狼满街跑，追得贼狼满街跑，thief，wolfY碰倒架子丧己命，碰倒架子丧己

4、命，shelf, self，life Y手帕树叶半空飘。手帕树叶半空飘。handkerchief, leaf, half Y注意：注意：roof, giraffe, blief直接加直接加sYe以以“o”结尾的词，分两种情况结尾的词，分两种情况Y 1）有生命的）有生命的+es读音：读音：z Y如：如： tomato-tomatoes hero-heroes negronegroesY口诀：黑人口诀：黑人(negro)英雄英雄(hero)爱吃土豆爱吃土豆(potato)、芒果、芒果(mango)、西红柿、西红柿(tomato)Y注：注：kangaroo-kangaroosY2)无生命的无生命的+

5、s 读音：读音：z 如：如：photo-photos radio-radiosY3)均可，如：均可，如：zero-zeros / zeroes 2、名词的复数构成方法之二、名词的复数构成方法之二不规则名词不规则名词3 3、不可数名词的用法、不可数名词的用法Y不可数名词没有复数。如果要计算不可数名词所表达的数量，就得在数不可数名词没有复数。如果要计算不可数名词所表达的数量，就得在数词和不可数名词之间加上词和不可数名词之间加上“量量 词词+of+不可数名词不可数名词”。单复数表现在。单复数表现在of 前前面的名词上，而面的名词上，而 of 后始终是单数后始终是单数Y例如：例如：a glass of

6、 water, a piece of papera glass of water, a piece of paper，4 4、名词所有格、名词所有格Y表示有生命事物的名词所有格，一般用表示有生命事物的名词所有格，一般用 “名词名词s”形式形式Y1. 单数名词和不以单数名词和不以s结尾的复数名词一般加结尾的复数名词一般加s, 如：如：Lucys book; Teachers Day Y2. 以以s结尾的名词，不管是单数还是复数形式，一律加结尾的名词，不管是单数还是复数形式，一律加s, 如如:The teachers office; Dickens book; Y注：注：若表示几个人共有一样东西，

7、只需在最后一个人的名字后加若表示几个人共有一样东西，只需在最后一个人的名字后加s, 如：如：This is Tom and Bobs room.Y注：注：若表示各自所有，则需在各个名字后加若表示各自所有，则需在各个名字后加s，如：，如：These are Toms and Bobs rooms.Y3. 对无生命的所有格，通常用对无生命的所有格，通常用“of”构成短语。如：构成短语。如： a map of China，a photo of my familyY4.有些表示长度、距离、时间、地点等无生命的名词的所有格形式，也有些表示长度、距离、时间、地点等无生命的名词的所有格形式，也用用s表示。如

8、：表示。如：two hours walk, Beijings bridge,Dalians beachesY5. 双重所有格双重所有格 : of+名词所有格名词所有格 或或 of + 名词性的物主代词名词性的物主代词 a friend of mine, an old photo of my fathers看看这节课的内容你掌握的怎样看看这节课的内容你掌握的怎样?【例【例1】Today is September 10th.Its_Day.2011，天津，天津 A.Teachers B.Teachers C.the Teachers D.Teachers B【例【例2】 Im afraid tha

9、t there is no_ for you in my car,because there are already five people.2011，山西，山西 A.land B.ground C.room D.floorC 【例【例3】 These Germans want to have some_for supper,so they decide to catch_now.2011，天津，天津 A.fish,many B.fishes,much C.fish,much D.fishes,manyA【例【例4】 I am thirsty.Would you bring me_,pleas

10、e? 2011，广东，广东 A.some bread B.some water C.some cakes D.some eggs B 【例【例5】 Some_are flying kites near the river. 2011，长沙，长沙 A.child B.boy C.boys D.childs C【例【例6】 Brian is so kind that he often gives me a when Im in trouble. 2006，安徽，安徽A.replyB.seat C.handD.reasonC代词的分类代词的分类1.人称代词人称代词2.物主代词物主代词3.反身代词反身

11、代词6.不定代词不定代词4.指示代词指示代词5.疑问代词疑问代词 1.人称代词人称代词I we me us you you you you he she it him her itthey them 用法口诀：用法口诀： 人称代词分两格，主格宾格来分说；人称代词分两格，主格宾格来分说； 主格主格定把定把主语主语作，作，宾格宾格作作宾宾不会错。不会错。 1、_is new here. Please look after _.(他他)2、_isnt here. Whats wrong with _?(她她)3、Miss Brown will teach _ English next term.(我

12、们我们)根据汉语填空根据汉语填空:HehimSheherus2.物主物主 代词代词my our your your his her its their mine ours yours yours his hers its theirs 用法口诀用法口诀：物主代词两类型，形容词性、名词性。物主代词两类型，形容词性、名词性。形容词性作形容词性作定语定语，后面定把名词用后面定把名词用。名词性、名词性、独立独立用，用，主宾表语主宾表语它都充。它都充。名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词根据汉语填空根据汉语填空: 1、The two little girls are crying. They cant

13、 find_(她们的她们的)mother.2、Is the shirt on the bed _(你的你的)?3、This red blouse isnt Helens. _is blue.(她的她的)theiryoursHers3. 反身代词反身代词myself ourselves yourself yourselveshimself themselvesherself itself 根据汉语填空根据汉语填空:1、The man fell off his bike and hurt _(他自己他自己).2、I teach_(我自己我自己)French.3、We_(我们自己我们自己)did i

14、t.4、Lily! Help _to some fish.(你自己你自己)himselfmyselfourselvesyourself2. 2. 反身代词常见固定搭配反身代词常见固定搭配 过得愉快过得愉快 自学自学 请随便吃请随便吃 自言自语自言自语 独自独自 伤了某人自己伤了某人自己 不要客气不要客气 陶醉沉浸于陶醉沉浸于 自己穿衣服自己穿衣服 照顾自己照顾自己 enjoy oneself learn- by / teach oneself help oneself to sth. say to oneself by oneself hurt oneself make oneself at

15、home lose oneself in dress oneself look after oneself1.My pen is broken. May I use_?A. you B. yours C. yourself D. your2.-Are these_ coats?-No, they arent. _ are here. your, Ours B. your, We C. you, Ours D. you, Our3.Dont lose_ in computer games, boys. yourself B. yourselves A. C. himself D. themsel

16、ves选择填空选择填空:4.Wheres your mother? I cant find _ anywhere. A . she B. her C. he D. him5.Mikes words are different from_. We really cant agree with_.ours, him B. ours, hes C. us, him D. us, his6.I saw_playing in the street at that time.A. them B. they C. their D. theirs7The pen is hers. Pass it to_, p

17、lease.A. her B. she C. hers D. herself 8.We _ at the party last Sunday.A. enjoyed myself B. enjoyed ourselvesC. enjoy myself D. enjoyed themselves选择填空选择填空:9.Let Tony do it by_. He is no longer a kid.A. him B. his C. himself D. he10.Our room is big, but_ is bigger than_.A. their; our B. their; ours C

18、. theirs; ours D. theirs; our 代词用法小结：代词用法小结：主格：主格：宾格：宾格：形容词性物主代词：形容词性物主代词：名词性物主代词：名词性物主代词：反身代词：反身代词：四四. .指示代词指示代词1.this/these 1.this/these 指代较近的人或事物，也指代较近的人或事物，也可介绍别人；可介绍别人；that/thosethat/those指代较远的指代较远的人或事物。人或事物。This is my father and that is my brother. The population of Shanghai is larger than _ o

19、f Jinan. A. that B. this C. it The radios made in Beijing are as good as _ made in Qingdao. A. that B. these C. those 主主 格格宾格宾格所有格所有格指人指人who whomwhose指物指物 whatwhose指 人 或指 人 或物物 whichwhose5、疑问代词、疑问代词(连接代词连接代词 )1)_ ruler is yours, this one or that one? ( What, Which)2)_ bag is this? ( Who, Whose )3)_

20、is she? ( Who, Whom)4) About _ did they talk just now? ( who, whom)5) Did you understand _ I said? ( what, that)WhichWhoseWhowhomwhat选择填空选择填空:Y6）-_ is that man over there? -Hes Mr Green.A. What B. Which C. How D. Who Y7）-_ is your classmate John like? - -Hes very tall.A. How B. What C. Who D . Which

21、 数词数词数词Y数词就是表示事物的数量和顺序数词就是表示事物的数量和顺序的词，分基数词和序数词两种。的词，分基数词和序数词两种。一一.基数词基数词Y表示数量多少的词是基数词，Y如：one, two, three等。Y构成方法如下：Y1）从112分别由从one到twelve12个各不相同的词表示。Y2）从1319均以后缀-teen结尾。Y3）从2090的整十数词均以后缀-ty结尾。表示“几十几”时，个位和十位之间需加连字符，Y如twenty-one, thirty-two, forty-three等。Y4）数字的写法和读法：Y十位与个位之间要加连字符“-”；Y百位和十位之间要加and；Y三位数以

22、上的数，从个位往前数，每三位数加一个逗号“，”，从后往前数的第一个逗号代表thousand,第二个逗号代表million,第三个逗号是billion，注意这几个词不能用复数形式，后也不能加and。 5）表示具体、准确的数目时，hundred, thousand, million等数词后不能加-s,如:five hundred, six thousand, seven million6）当hundred, thousand等数词与of连用，表示不具体、不准确的数目时，词尾加-s。如：thousands of students, millions of trees.二二.序数词序数词Y1）不规则变

23、化，记住1-10的序数词。Y2）以-ty结尾的表示“几十”的基数词，先把y变为i，再加-eth Y3）表示“第几十几”时，十位数的“几十”仍用基数词，只把个位部分变成序数词就行了。 Y4）除上述情况外，均在词尾加-th，如ten tenth one hundred one hundredthY基数词变序数词顺口溜： Y一、二、三，特殊记一、二、三，特殊记 f代替代替v和和e八去八去t，九去，九去e整十变整十变y为为ie几十几变化个位就可以几十几变化个位就可以末尾末尾th别忘记别忘记三三. 数词的用法数词的用法Y（一）表示事物的编号（一）表示事物的编号Y基数词放到名词的后边,该名词一般要大写；序

24、数词放到名词的前面，加定冠词。Y第一课 Lesson 1/ the first lesson. Row 3/ the third rowY（二）年、日、时刻表达方法。Y“年”用基数词，“日”用序数词，前要加定冠词。读的顺序是月日年。如：1990年5月2日读作：May the second, nineteen ninety。Y1.表示“整点”时，在基数词后加oclock;Y 9:00 oclock.Y2.分钟小于或等于30分钟的，用“分钟数past钟点数”形式；分钟数大于30分钟的，用“到下一个钟点所差的分钟数to下一个钟点数”形式,也可以依次读钟点数和分钟数。Y 7:20 twenty pas

25、t seven或seven twenty.Y3.注意两个特殊的表示时间的单位词：30分钟用half，15分钟用a quarter，如：Y 6:30 读作：half past sixY 5:45 读作：a quarter to sixY 6:15 读作：a quarter past six（三）分数的表达方法Y表示分数时，分子用基数，分母用序数，分子大于1，分母用复数。分数修饰名词时，后用of短语。如：Y1/3 one third of teachers Y 3/7 three sevenths of the boysY1/2, 1/4分别用 a half和a quarter表示。（四）（四）“

26、基数词名词形容词基数词名词形容词”结结构构Y“基数词名词形容词”只能用来放到名词前作定语。如：YShe is a 3-year-old girl.YThey live in a 7-storey-high building.Y注：这种结构中名词不能用复数，同时只能作定语。用作表语时，不用连字符，名词有复数。如：YTony is 10 years old this year.YTony is a 10-year-old boy. 1.基数词和序数词基数词和序数词Dick, it is the _ time in _ days that youve made the same mistake.(5

27、分)YA. two, three B. second, threeY C. two, third D. second, thirdB2.分数分数It is said that the gravity(引力) on Mars is only about _ of the gravity on earth.(5分)YA. threeeighths B. thirdeighthYC. threeeights D. thirdeightA3. hundred,thousand,million,billion等单位数词等单位数词YHow many people will come to Beijing

28、next year?YIts hard to say, _ people, I think.(5分)YA. million of B. millions of YC. three millions D. three millions of B4.“基数词名词形容词基数词名词形容词”结构结构 In the past twenty years, many tall buildings have been built in our city. look! This is a _(5分) (09年天津中考年天津中考) A. 70-floor building B.70-floors building

29、C. 70-floor buildings D.70 floors building返回初中阶段必须掌握的情态动词： can could may might will would must have to need had better should 考点一：情态动词基本含义can ( could ) 能，会能，会 may (might) 可以，可能可以，可能 will (would) 将，会，愿意将，会，愿意 must 必须必须have to不得不不得不 need 需要需要 sb need to do sth ,sth need doing . should应该应该had better 最好

30、最好 had better (not) do sth1.-_ you speak Japanese ?(北京北京2008） -No, I cant A. Can B. Must C. May D. Should2.You _ stop when the traffic light is red.(山西）山西） A. can B. may C. must D. need3.LiLei cant go hiking with us today .Because he_take care of his sick mother .(温州）温州）A .has to B .may C. mustnt D

31、.need tACA考点二：表猜测语气的情态动词表猜测性的情态动词有：表猜测性的情态动词有：may ， cant ， must 。may表没把握的猜测。表没把握的猜测。cant 表有把握的否定猜测。表有把握的否定猜测。must 表有把握的肯定猜测表有把握的肯定猜测1.The light in the office is off. The teacher _be there now.（南通）（南通） A. may B. cant C. mustnt D. must2.His parents bought him a large house . It _be very expensive（宁夏）（

32、宁夏）A. must B. can C. mustnt D. cant BA考点三：情态动词开头的疑问句的答语1.Must I take the keyboard to the office now ?-No, you _.You can do it later. A. mustnt B . cant C . dont D. neednt2.May I take this book out of the reading room?-No, you _. You must read it here. A. may not B .dont have to C. mustnt D. neednt D

33、C考点四：易混词的辨析（一）一）must 与与have to We _study hard .We _stay at home because it is raining.（二）（二）maybe与与may be _ he is right . It_ rainy tomorrow.提示：may 为情态动词后接动词原形。Maybe为副词意思为“大概，也许”musthave toMaybemay be考点四：易混词的辨析（三）can与be able to I_ speak English now.My sister _speak English two years ago. My brother

34、_ speak English in the future.提示；can 只有现在和过去时（could） be able to可用于任何时态中。（四）cant 与mustnt cant 表“不可能”。mustnt表“禁止，不许”。can/am able tocould/was able to will be able to 1（2009.德州德州)-How is your friends coming? -Im not sure. He _drive here. A may B. can C. must D. will 2(2008. 江西江西)If the traffic is red ,you _cross the road .I