英语专转本培训3-4

1、专转本培训语法（三）将来进行时：概念：将来进行时主要表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作，或表示要在将来某一时间开始，并继续下去的动作。常用来表示礼貌的询问、请求等。第一人称 I shall/will be leaving. We shall/will be leaving.第二人称 You will be leaving. You will be leaving.第三人称 He/She/It will be leaving. They will be leaving.Dont phone me between 5 and 6. Well be having dinner then. 五点至六点之间

2、不要给我打电话，那时我们在吃饭。When I get home, my wife will probably be watching television. 当我到家时，我太太可能正在看电视。Ill be meeting him tomorrow/next year/some time.我明天/下一年/某个时间将去见他。常用的时间状语Soon, tomorrow, this evening，on Sunday, by this time，in two days, tomorrow eveningBy this time tomorrow, Ill be lying on the beach.明

3、天的这个时间，我将会躺在海滩上了。一种惬意的感觉,将来进行时的基本用法：将来进行时表示在将来某一时间内正在进行的动作。将来进行时有很强的推测性，因此人们往往在以下几种场合中使用它：（1）表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作，一般带状语。如：What will you be doing at this time next Monday?星期一的这个时间你会干什么？When he comes to my house tomorrow, I will be writing the report.明天他来我家时，我将会在写报告。(2)表示现在正在进行的动作，但这个动作会延续到将来。如：I wonder if

4、 it will still be raining this afternoon.I think that she will be working on this experiment until next morning.(3)表示预定的将来动作或对将来的预测。如：Tomorrow I will be flying to Bombay.After you take the medicine, you will be feeling much better(4)表示委婉的请求When shall we be meeting again.到那时我们将会再见面的.(5)表示原因Please com

5、e tomorrow afternoon .Tomorrow morning, Ill be having a meeting.你明天下午来吧,明天早上我将回参加一个会议.,(6)表示结果Stop the child or he will be falling over.(7)表示对将来的打算（区别于对将来的预测）My duties will end in July , and Ill be returning to ShangHai. 六月份我的任务就结束了,我打算返回上海. 1.They with us for the time being .A. will stay B. would s

6、tay C. have been staying D. will be staying 2.The car at the present speed until it reaches the foot of the mountain at about ten oclock tonight .A. would go B. went C. will be going D. goes 3.Smith will not be able to attend the meeting tonight because A. he must have a classB. he will be teaching

7、a classC. he teaches a classD. he will have been teaching a class4.He his meals in the hotel when he lives here.A.will have been eating B.will be eating C.will have eatenD.will be eaten5.This time next week Ill be on vacation .Probably I on.A.am lying B. have lain C.will have lain D.will be lying 6.

8、I wont be able to watch the concert on TV because I homework at that time.A.shall have done B.shall be doing C.shall do D.shall have doing7.I my father-in law at three this afternoon.A.shall be seeing B.shall be seenC.shall have been seeing D.shall have seen 2、将来完成时 将来完成时用来表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成或一直持续的动作。经常

9、与before+将来时间或by+将来时间连用，也可与before或by the time引导的现在时的从句连用。2) 概念 a. 状态完成：表示某事继续到将来某一时为止一直有的状态。 b. 动作完成：表示将来某一时或另一个将来的动作之前，已经完成的动作或一获得的经验。 They will have been married for 20 years by then. You will have reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow. 构成 （shall）will+have+动词过去分词Before long he will have forgotten

10、all about the matter. 不久他就会全然忘记这件事的。 He is somebody now. He will not have remembered his old classmates. 他现在是一个有身份的人了，他可能不会记得老同学了。 Will you have known Kevin for 10 years next month? 到下个月你认识凯文该有10年了吧？ 将来完成时的用法 表示在将来某一时间之前已完成的动作，并往往对将来某一时间产生影响。 We shall have learned 12 units by the end of this term. 到

11、这个学期末，我们将学完12个单元。 By the time you get home I will have cleaned the house from top to bottom. 你到家之前我将把房子彻底打扫一遍。 表示推测，相当于must have done结构。 You will have heard of this, I guess. 我想你已经听说过这件事了。 I am sure he will have got the information. 我相信他一定得到了这个信息3.表示某种状态一直持续到说话人所提及的时间we will have been married a year

12、 on June 25th到6月25日我们俩结婚就满1年了I will have finished all the work by the time you are back this evening. I am sure he will have left Paris by this time tomorrow. I hope we will have got all the information before you come tomorrow. By the end of this month, we surely_a satisfactory solution to the prob

13、lem. (CET-4 1993, 6) A) have found B) will be found C) will have found D) are finding7 I suppose by the time I come back in ten years time all these old house_down.( )A will have been pulled B will be pulling C will have pulled D will be pulled8 The conference _a full week by the time it ends.A has

14、lasted B lasts C will have lasted D is lasted9 I hope that they _the road by the time we come back.A will have repaired B would have repaired C have repaired D had repaired 1 I have been studying here for four years, by next summer _-. A shall graduate B shall be graduated C shall be graduating D sh

15、all have graduated2 By the time you arrive in London, we _in Europe for two weeks.A shall stay B have stayed C will have stayed D have been staying 3 I hope her health _greatly by the time we come back next year.( )A improves B improved C will be improved D will have improve 4 By 2050 the level of i

16、ndustrial pollution_dangerous levels in many cities.A will have reached B will has reached C will have reached D will reach5 “Are you going to Richard”s birthday party? “Yes. By then I _my homework.” ( )A had finished B will have finished C would have finished D finished6、The conference_a full week

17、by the time it ends. (CET-4 1996, 6) A) must have lasted B) will have lasted C) would last D) has lasted3、将来完成进行时将来完成进行时表示动作从某一时间开始一直延续到将来某一时间。是否继续下去，要视上下文而定。这个时态常和表示将来某一时间状语连用。构成：主语+ shall/will have been doing I shall have been working here in this factory for twenty years by the end of the year. 到

18、今年年底，我将在这个工厂工作20年了If we dont hurry up the store will have been closing before we get there. 咱们如不快一点儿，等我们到了那儿，店门就会关了。The play is coming off in August. By then the play will have been running for three months. 这个剧将于8月停演。到那时为止，这个剧将连演三个月了。4、过去完成进行时过去完成进行时表示动作在过去某一时间之前开始，一直延续到这一过去时间。动作是否继续下去，概由上下文而定。和过去完

19、成时一样，过去完成进行时也必须以一过去时间为前提：(1) I had been looking for it for days before I found it. 这个东西，我找了很多天才找着。 (2) Theyd only been waiting for the bus a few moments when it came. 他们只等了不多一会儿，公共汽车就来了。 (3) The telephone had been ringing for three minutes before it was answered. 电话铃响了三分钟才有人接。2如果上下文清楚，过去时间也可以省去： (1)

20、 He was tired Hed been working all day. 他累了，他工作了一整天。 3过去完成进行时还常用在间接引语中： (1) The doctor asked what he had been eating？ 医生问他吃什么来着？4和过去完成时一样，过去完成进行时可后接具有“突然”意义的 when 从句 （些从句用过去一般时）： (1) I had only been reading a few minutes when he came in. 我刚看了几分钟书他就进来了。 (2) Shed only been studying her lesson for ten

21、minutes when her little sister interrupted her. 她温习功课不过十分钟，她的小妹妹就把她打断了。 5、过去将来进行时1、过去将来进行时表示就过去某一时间而言,将来某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作,主要用于宾语从句中,尤其多用于间接引语中。是“从过去观点看将要发生的事”。2.过去将来进行时由should(would)+be+现在分词构成。 He asked me what I should be doing at six the next day. 他问我次日六点将正在做什么。 3.过去将来进行时可以表示在过去某一时间之后即将进行的动作。 He s

22、aid he could not come because he would be having a meeting. 他说他不能来因为要开会6、过去将来完成时过去将来完成时 should / would have done sth. 用法 1.过去将来完成时表示在过去将来某一时间以前发生的动作。并往往会对过去将来某一时间产生影响。它常和表示过去的时间状语连用。构造：should / would have done sth. I thought youd have left by this time.我想这会儿你已经走了。He told them he would have finished

23、it by 8 oclock.他告诉他们他会在8点以前干完。I guessed that Helen would have told her something.我猜海伦会告诉她一些情况的。We hoped that she would have got the plan ready before we came back. 我们希望她能在我们回来 之前把计划做好。 He said he would let me have the book as soon as he had read it. 他说书一看完就借给我。 2、 过去将来完成时还常用在虚拟语气中，表示与过去的事实相反。如： If I

24、 had seen him this afteroom, I would have told him about it. 今天下午我要是见到他，我会 告诉他那件事的。7、过去将来完成进行时 过去将来完成进行时表示动作从过去某一时间开始一直延续到过去将来某一时间。动作是否继续下去，视上下文而定。由“should/would+ have been +动词现在分词”构成。如： He told me that by the end of the year he would have been living there for thirty years.如：He said that by the end

25、 of the spring term he would have been studying English for three years. 他说到春季（即下）学期末，他将学了三年英语了。 He told me that by the end of the year. he would have been living there for thirty years 他告诉我，到年底他在那里住了有30年了。注意：下面句中的would 是情态动词，有“大概”或是“一定”的含义如：What interesting job have you found? Helen asked him,he kn

26、ew she would have been thinking about it. “你找到什么有趣的工作啦？”海伦问他道。他知道海伦一定会一直想这件事情的。8、since 的用法1、since加上过去某个时间点（如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、1980、last month、half past six）I have been here since 1985 从1985开始我始终在这儿2、since +一段时间+agoTom and I have been friend since six years ago3 、since+从句Great changes have taken place sin

27、ce you left.4、it is +一段时间+since 从句It is three years since I became a father.9、延续动词和（瞬间）非延续动词1、用于完成时的区别;延续动词表示经验、经历；瞬间动词表示行为结果，不能与表示段时间的状语联用：he has completed the work.(表结果)他已经完成哪项工作。I have known him since then(表经历）我从那时起就认识他。2、用于till和until的差异延续动词用于表示肯定句中，表示”做.直到”瞬间动词用于否定句，表示：“到.才”He didnt come back un

28、til ten oclock.他知道十点才回来。He slept until ten oclock.他一直睡到十点3、瞬间动词表示的动作极其短暂，不能持续，所以，在现在完成时中一般不能和以since，for等引导的表示一段时间的状语连用。例如： 1）那老人已经死了一周了。The old man has died for a week(误) The old man has been dead for a week（正）2）他三天前就已经来这儿了。He has come here since three days ago(误) He has been here since three days a

29、go（正）4用“It is+时间+since”句式。例如： It ishas been a week since the old man died It has beenis three days since he came here 用“多长时间+has passed+since”句式。例如： A week has passed since the old men died Three days had passed since he came here终止性动词不可以与how long引导的句式连用。例如： How long have you borrowed the magazine?(

30、误) When did you borrow the magazine?(正) 10、关于时态一致在一些从句（主要是宾语从句）中谓语动词的时态，常常受主句中谓语动词的影响，这叫做时态一致。1、当主句中的时态是现在或者将来时态，基本上，从句中谓语动词可以是任何需要的时态。I know that Mr. Lou is a good teacher.She believes that he was once a good solider.He will tell us what he is going to do.2. 当主句中的谓语动词是过去的某种时态，在这中情况下，从句中的谓语动词可以分为下面三

31、种情况。（1）如果从句中的谓语动词表示的动作与主句的谓语动词的动作同时发生，从句要用一般过去时或者过去进行时。He was wondering where he could put the box.The students were talking while the teacher was writing on the blackboard.（2）.如果从句的谓语动词表示的动作发生在主句之前，从句则用过去完成。The train had left when they got to the station.He said he already had finished his work.（3）

32、. 如果从句的谓语动词所表示的动作发生在主句谓语动词的动作之后，则用过去将来时。She said she would finish his work tonight.3.当从句中的谓语动词说明的是一般真理或者客观事实，无论主句是何种时态，从句不受影响，仍用现在时态。The boy was told that the earth is round.Everyone knows that sixty minutes make an hour.11、语态 英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如：They will build a n

33、ew bridge over the river.(主动）A new bridge will be built over the river.(被动）Many people speak Chinese (主动）Chinese is spoken by many people (被动） 汉语中常用“被” “给” “由” “受”等词用来表示被动，而英语中用，助动词be+及物动词的过去分词构成This mission must be finished as soon as possible.这项任务必须尽快完成Privileges must be done away with. 特权必须废除。注意：

34、1）感官动词主动语态的宾语补足语是不带to的不定式，变为被动语态时，该不定式前要加to.例如：The teacher made me go out of the classroom.老师逼我走出教室。I was made to go out of the classroom (by the teacher)We saw him play football on the playground我们看见他在操场踢球He was seen to play football on the playground2)情态动词+be+过去分词，构成被动语态。例如：Coal can be used to pro

35、duce electricity for agriculture and industry.煤可以产生工农业需要的电。1.Let的用法1）当let后只有一个单音节，变被动语态时，可用不带to的不定式。例如：They let the strange go.他们放陌生人走了。They strange was let go2)当Let后宾补较长，let通常不用被动语态，而用allow或permit代替。例如；The nurse let me go to see my classmate in the hospital.那护士让我去探望住院的同学。I was allowed/permitted to

36、see my classmate in the hospital.2.短语动词的被动语态短语动词是一个整体，不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。例如：My sister will be taken care of by Grandma.我妹妹由奶奶照顾。Such a thing has never been heard of before.这样的事闻所未闻。3.表示“据说” “相信”的词组，基本上由believe, consider, declare, expect, feel, report, say, see, suppose, think, understand等组成。例如；It is said

37、that据说It is reported that据报道It is believed that大家相信It is hope that 大家希望It is well known that众所周知It is thought that大家认为It is suggested that 据建议It is taken granted that被视为当然It has been decided that大家决定It must be remember that务必记住的是4.不用被动语态的情况1）不及物动词或不及物动词短语，如appear,die,disappear,end(vi.结束），fail,happen

38、,last,lie,remain,sit,spread,stand,break,out,come,true,fall,asleep,keep,silence,lose,heart,take place等没有无被动语态。例如；After the fire ,verylittle remained of my house.大火过后，我家烧得所剩无几。比较；rise,fall,happen是不及物动词；raise,seat是及物动词。（错）The price has been risen. （对）The price has risen.(错）The accident was happened las

39、t week.(对）The accident happened last week.(错）The price has raised.(对)The price has been raised(错）Please seat .(对）Please be seated. 要想正确地使用被动语态，就需注意哪些动词是及物的，哪些是不及物的。特别是一词多义的动词往往有两种用法。解决这一问题唯有在学习过程中多留意积累。2)不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语，如fit,have,hold,marry,own,wish,cost,notice,watch agree with,arrive at/in,shake

40、 hands with,succeed in,suffer from,happen to,take part in,walk into,belong to 等。例如；This key just fits the lock.这把钥匙只配这把锁Your story agrees with what had alread been heard.你说的与我们听说的一致。3)系动词无被动语态，如appear,be become,fall,feel,get,grow,keep,look,seem,smell,sound,stay,taste,turn,等。例如：it sounds good.听上去不错。4

41、)带同源宾语的及物动词动词如die/death,dream/dream,live/life等，以及反身代词，相互代词，不能用于被动语态。例如：She dreamed a bad dream last night.她昨晚做了恶梦5)当宾语是不定式时，很少用于被动语态，例如：（对）she likes to swim. (错)to swim is liked by her5.主动形式表示被动意义1）wash,clean,cook,iron,cut,sell,read,wear,feel,draw,write,sell,open,等动词用来表明主语所具有的某种特性时常用主动形式。例如；The book

42、 sells well. 这本书销路好This knift cuts easily. 这扇门打不开I like the cloth very much ,because it feels very soft.(这块布料）摸起来很软。注意：The books were sold out .书被卖光了。（表动作）2）blame,let(出租），remain,keep,rent,build等。例如：I was to blame for the accident.事故发生了，我该受指责。Much work remains.还有许多活要干3）在need,require,want,worth(形容词),d

43、eserve后的动名词必须用主动形式。例如；The door needs repairing=The door needs to be repaided.门该修了。This book is worth reading.这本书值得一读6.被动形式表示主动意义，如be determined,be pleased,be graduated (from),be prepared(for),be occupied(in),get married等，例如：He is graduated form a famous university.他毕业于一所有名的大学。注意：表示同某人结婚，用marry sb.或g

44、et married to sb 均可。例如：He married a rich girl.他与一个副富妞结婚了。He got married to a rich girl. 7.need/want/require/worth当need,want,require,be worth后面接doing时，表示的是被动意义。例如Your hair wants cutting. 你的头发该理了.The floor requires washing.地板需要冲洗。典型例题The library needs ,built itll have to wait until Sunday.A cleaning B

45、 be cleaned C clean Dbeing cleaned 答案A need(实意）+n/to do,need (情态）+to,当为被动语态时，还可need+doing.本题考查最后一种用法，选A，如有to be cleaned 则也为正确答案8 被动语态的“by的省略 被动语态句式中的“by+o”是在表示“vt”的“行为者”，但在下例情形时，这个表示行为者的“by+o”常被省略。1行为不明例 Many people are killed in car accidents every year. 每年有很多人死于车祸2不必表明行为者例The game has been put off

46、 until nest Friday afternoon.(这场比赛已被延期至下星期五下午）3 行为者为一般大众例 Both English and Frence are spoken in Canada.(在加拿大，英语和发育都通用）时态、语态巩固练习11.The no hospitals in my hometown fifty years ago.A is B are C was D were2.-Who sings best in your class? -Jenny .A. do B. did C. does D. has donen3.- the young girl the ol

47、d man clean his room every day? -Yes, she does.nA. Dose; help B. Has; helped C. Did; help D. Do; helpsn4.-Can I go Beijing for my holiday, Dad? -You can when you a bit older.nA.will get B. get C.are getting D.got n5.-What does Linda often do in the evening?n-She often her homework ,but on the everin

48、g of March 12 she TV.nA.does;watches B.is doing;watched C.does;watched D.is doing;watchingn6.Our geography teacher told us yesterday that the earth around the sun .nA.was moving B.moved C.has moved D.movesn7.If he harder ,he will catch up with us soon.nA.study B.studies C.will study D.studiedn8.-Don

49、t forget to ask him to write to me.n -I wont. As soon as he . Ill ask him to write to you.nA.will come B.come C.comes D.is comingn9.-Do you like this silk dress?n -Yes, I do. It so soft and comfortable.nA.is feeling B.feels C.has felt D.is felt n10.Oh, its you.Im sorry I know you hero.nA.dont ;are B

50、.didnt; are C.didnt ;were D.dont; were n11.Mr Lu Xun died in 1936. He a lot of famous novles .nA.wrote B.was writing C.has written D.would writen12.-Your telephone number again? I quite catch it.n -Its 2567321.nA.cant B.couldt C.dont D.didntn13.-How was your weekend on the farm?n -Great ! We with th

51、e farmers.nA.enjoy ourselves B.went fishing C.will work D.make friendsn14.-What did Mr Jones do before he moved here ?n -He a city bus for over twenty-five years.nA.is driving B.drove C.has driven D.drivesn15.Jane a new dress every month when she was in Shanghai.nA.buys B.is buying C.bought D.will b

52、uy n16.-Liu Mei cant come tonight.n -Why? But she me she would come.nA.tells B.told C.is told D.had told n17.He turned off the light and then .nA.leaves B.has left C.will leave D.leftn18.-Keep quiet, plaese.They a meeting.n -Sorry.nA.have B.had C.are having D.have had n19.-Jimmy is leaving for a hol

53、iday.n -Really? Where he ?nA.has ;gone B.will; go C.did; go D.would; gon20.Frank to see his grandma if he free tomorrow.nA.will come; will be B.comes; if C.will come; is D.comes; will ben21.There a talk on science in our school next Monday.nA.will give B.will be C.is going to give D.is n22.-Shall we

54、 go shopping now?n -Sorry ,I cant . I my shirts.nA.wash B.washes C.washed D.am washingn23.-Hurry up! Were all waiting for you.n -I for an important phone call. Go without me.nA.wait B.was waiting C.am waiting D.waitedn24.-Did you see Tom at the party?n -No, he by the time I got there .nA.had left B.

55、was leaving C.left D.has leftn25.-Is this raincoat yours?n -No, mine there behind the door.nA.has hung B.is hanging C.hung D.will hangn26.- you TV at the moment?n- No,you can turn it off.nA.Did; watch B.Are; watching C.Do;watch D.have; watchedn27.I dont think Jim saw me; he a book at that moment.nA.

56、just read B.has just read C.was just reading D.was writingn28.Mr Smith a book about China last year but I dont knowwhether he has fijnished it.nA.has written B.wrote C.had written D.was writingn29.-I called you at seven yesterday evening,but there was no answer.n -Oh, I am sorry. I dinner at my frie

57、nds home.nA.am having B.had C.was having D.have hadn30.-Do you know Miss Wang?n -Yes. I first met her two years ago. She at a radio shop at that time.nA.was working B.was reading C.is working D.had workedn31.Mr White the newspaper, while his daughter TV.nA.read; was watching B.was reading; watched n

58、C.was reading; was watching D.read; watchedn32.-I you at the meeting. Why? -I was ill.nA.saw B.have seen C.not see D.didnt seen33.When the teacher came in, the students about the new film.nA.are talking B.were talking C.talked D.talksn34.The 2004 Athens Olympic Games on August 13.nA.has begun B.last

59、ed C.began D.has lastedn35.Hurry up! The play for ten minutes.nA.has been on B.has begun C.had begun D.begann36.-May I speak to Mr Smith?n -Sorry, he Australia. But he in two days.nA. has been to; will come backnB .has gone to; will be backnC .has been in; would come backnD .is leaving for; doesnt c

60、ome back n37.I cant go to see the film tonight, because I my ticket.nA.have lost B.lost C.will lose D.was losingn38.-What do you think of the film Harry Potter?n -It is very nice. I it twice.nA.will see B.have seen C.saw D.seen39.We to learn English five years ago. We it for five years up to now.nA.