BOOK4课前辅助学习-Unit4Globalization

1、Unit 4 GlobalizationText A In Search of Davas ManUseful Expressions在课文中划出相应表达)1.扫除13.与渐行渐远2.寻找14.文化断层3.国家认同15.处于的前沿4.狂热信徒16.开辟一条通向的道路5.认为17.一个创新的卓越环境6.量/、迟疑18.根据对各国人口和经济增长的预计7.国际商业精英19.从脱离8.少数几位20.低薪流动劳工9.没完没了的认真的讨论21.医疗保健体系10.资本、劳动力和技术的流动22.跨国界经营11.最佳地点23.更别提12.全球超级物种24.狭隘民族主义Difficult SentencesBro

2、wder now manages $ billion in assets.What information can you get from the sentence(=Browder is quite a rich businessman and right now there are $ billion worth of assets under at his investment firm.)2. Translate the sentence into Chinese(=布劳德如今掌管着价值16亿美元的资产。)"National identity makes no differ

3、ence for me," he says.Why does Browder say so(=Because he doesn't think he only belongs to the countries he was born, studied, or worked. He shares the history, culture, or language of other countries. He is undoubtedly international.)Although Browder and Mandl define their nationality diff

4、erently, both see their identity as a matter of personal choice, not an accident of birth.1. How do you understand “ not an accident of birth”(=not the place of their birth)2. Translate the sentence into Chinese(=虽然布劳德和曼德尔对各自的国籍界定不同，他们都将国籍视为个人选择, 而不是由出生地决定的。)Whatever their considerable differences,

5、most Davos Men and Women share at least one belief: that globalization, the unimpeded flows of capital, labor and technology across national borders, is both welcome and unstoppable.1. Underline the main structure of the sentence.(=most Davos Men and Women share one belief: that Globalization,is bot

6、h welcome and unstoppable.)2. Translate the sentence into Chinese仔尽管与会男女各不相同，但他们大多数有一个共同信念：全球化，亦即资本、劳动力和技术不受阻碍地跨国界流动，是值得欢迎和不可阻挡的。)This disconnect, he says, creates "a major cultural fault line.1. What can we infer from the sentence(=Years ago, people loved their country and considered national

7、Identity important.)2. Paraphrase the sentence(=The disconnection forms an important line dividing a culture into two camps, which is likely to cause problems.)"If the issue is how the pie is divided, if you're in the Western world you could question that."1. What does that" refer

8、 to(=It refers to globalization.)2. Translate the sentence into Chinese(=如果问题在于蛋糕怎么分，而你又是西方人，那你就会质疑全球化。)2. Words and Expressionsglobalization: n. free flows of capital, labor, technology, and personal contact across national borders* Some see the spread of English as an international language as jus

9、t another consequence of globalization.(=Thanks to globalization, the burger you buy in Moscow is exactly the same as the one you buy in New York.)sweep aside: clear away or get rid of suddenly or forcefully; refuse to pay attention to sth./ sb. says* Anyway, by then she was sure that Julius would s

10、imply have swept any curbs aside.他们对所有的反对意见不予理睬。(=They swept all the objections aside.)Pattern:sweep away扫清，迅速消灭sweep out扫掉；清除sweep over眺望,环视sweep up打扫干净，收拾干净strengthen: vt. become stronger or make sth. strongerWe must strengthen the weak links.(=The President's first priority was to strengthen

11、the economy.)asset: n.1) (usu. pl) money or property that a person or company ownsintang* Copyrights, patents, trademarks, brand names, and trade secrets are all part of a company' s目前，他们的资产有 623万美元。(=Currently, they have $6,230,000 in assets.)2) an advantage or a resource*The most powerful asse

12、t we have is our skilled, dedicated workforce.(=A sense of humor is an important asset for any teacher.)Collocation:capital/ fixed assets资本 /固定资产cash assets现金资产liquid/ circulating/ current assets流动资产net assets净资产make no / little difference: have no / little effect (on), be of no / little importance

13、(to)*That does not mean it makes no difference to social welfare which rules we settle upon.姚明的缺席似乎对休斯顿火箭队没有太大的影响。(=The absence of Yao Ming seemed to make little difference to the performance of the Houston Rockets.)identify as: recognize and correctly name someone or sth.*His accent identified him

14、as a Frenchman.(=The policeman identified him as the thief.)elite: n. a group of people who have a lot of power and influence because they have money, knowledge, or special skills*Only a small elite can afford to send their children to this school.这些人构成了有决定权的精英集团。(=These people form an elite who hav

15、e the power to make decisions.)Collocation:political/social/economic elite 政治 / 社会 / 经济精英a handful of: a very small number of people or things:*That place was of little interest. I only took a handful of pictures.(=What counts is having a handful of young that are exceptional.)earnest: adj. marked b

16、y or showing deep sincerity or seriousness*Friends described Jackson as an earnest, hard-working young man.你可以笑，但我绝对是认真的。(=You may laugh but I ' m in deadly earnest.Collocation:in earnest郑重地；严肃认真CF: earnest, serious, severe这三个形容词均有严肃的”之意。earnest指严肃，认真，含诚恳和热情意味。例如 :* I could tell she was speaking

17、 in earnest. 我看得出来她的话是当真的。serious 指具有关键、严肃或严重意义的事情。例如 ：* We give serious consideration to safety recommendations.我们认真考虑安全建议。severe 指面孔的严肃，法律的严厉，伤病的严重。着重严厉性，无丝毫温情。例如：* Many people feel the punishment should have been more severe. 许多人认为惩罚本应该更力口严厉些。considerable: adj. fairly large, especially large enou

18、gh to have an effect or be important* Attracting tourists to the area is going to take considerable effort.(=A considerable amount of research was done here by our science department.)interconnect: vi. connect to or with each other* Our operating system can now interconnect with other networks.人们的生活

19、是如何互相联系在一起的，真是不可思议。(=It ' s strange how people ' s lives interconnect.advantageous: adj. helpful and likely to make you successful* Many bus companies provide advantageous fare tickets especially for tourists.你会发现等几周再作答复是很有好处的。(=You may find it advantageous to wait a few weeks before replyin

20、g.)NB: aadvantageous的名词形式为"advantagei与其搭配常用的短语是：“have the advantage of 宥优势"；"take advantage of "(以不正当手段)禾U用；占便宜 ”entitle: vt.1) give a title to 给题名，给 取名*She was reading a poem entitled Auguries of Innocence.(=He entitled the book The Secret Garden.)2) give someone the official ri

21、ght to do or have sth.*Full-time employees are entitled to receive health insurance.他们有资格享有许多优惠和特权。(=They are entitled to enjoy many advantages and privileges.)Pattern:be entitled叫做,称为be entitled to (do) sth.又.享有权利 /有资格vanish: vi. disappear suddenly, especially in a way that cannot be easily explain

22、ed*My keys were here a minute ago but now they've vanished.(=The plane vanished from radar screens soon after taking off.)CF: vanish, disappear, evaporate 这三个动词均有消失”之意。 vanish语气强，指完全、往往是神秘而突然的消失，不留任何蛛丝马迹。disappear 普通用词，强调从视线或脑海中消失。这消失可能是暂时的、突然的或永久的，视上下文而定。 evaporate指像水蒸发时那样悄然逝去，也指某人悄悄地、突然退出或离去。(

23、Directions:) Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necessary.1. Drugs won't make the pain altogether, but they will help.(=disappear)2. All hopes of finding the boy alive have. (=vanished)3. Hopes of achieving peace are beginning to. (=evaporate)4. Before she could screa

24、m, the man had into the night. (=vanished)5. 13 year-old Nicola from her home on Saturday night. (=disappeared)6. They then fan the water so that it and in doing so lowers the temperature. (=evaporates)7. By the time of the trial, the tape had mysteriously. (=disappeared)facilitate: vt. make it easi

25、er for a process or activity to happen* Both centers are electronically linked to facilitate communication.学校都建在同一校区内，以便资源共享。(=Schools were located in the same campus to facilitate the sharing of resources.) 16. (Para. 4) at odds with: in conflict with; disagreeing or quarrelling with*The government

26、 decision to raise taxes was at odds with their policies on inflation. (=Briggs found himself at odds with his colleagues.)矛盾；不一致没有关系，无关紧要占优势小事；不要紧的东西Collocation:at oddsit makes no oddstake oddsodds and ends be committed to: promise to do (sth.); be devoted to*A lot of money has been committed to th

27、is project.中国承诺发展低碳经济。(=China is committed to pursuing a low carbon economy.) endorse: vt. express formal support or approval for someone or sth.* The Prime Minister is unlikely to endorse this view.(=I fully endorse the measures taken to improve safety standards.)Collocation:endorse a proposal/an i

28、dea/a candidate赞成提议 / 想法/候选人endorse a cheque背书支票erase: vt. get rid of sth. so that it has gone completely and no longer exists* Their dream is to erase poverty and injustice from the world.没有什么东西可以使他忘记那件事。(=Nothing can erase the incident from his memory.)CF： erase, delete这两个动词都有“去掉，抹去”之意。erase 指 “把写

29、的或画的痕迹擦去或刮掉”，用于比喻意义时，指“从记忆中抹去”，例如：He erased the wronganswer and wrote in the right one.他擦去了错误答案 ,写上了正确答案。又如：Nothing can erase the incident fromhis memory.没有什么东西可以使他忘记那件事。delete 指“去掉、擦掉(字迹等)”、“勾掉、删掉(字句等)”，例如：If you delete several words, we can put the whole story on one page.如果你删去几个字，我们可把整个故事写在一页上。ac

30、celerate: v. (cause to) move faster or happen earlier* Mr Henley has accelerated his sale of shares over the past year.选手们跑过弯道时平稳地加速。(=The runners accelerated smoothly round the bend.) forefront: n. the foremost part or area*The company has always been at the forefront of science and technology.(=Co

31、mpanies compete to stay at the forefront of research and development.) witness:Pattern :at/in/to the forefront (of sth) keep sb/sth at/in/ tocome into/to位于最前列；成为领导力量 使保持在最前列跃居最前列1. vt. be present and see* The crash was witnessed by scores of holiday weekenders along the beach.20世纪80年代，电子传媒得到了空前的发展。(

32、=The 1980s witnessed an unprecedented increase in the scope of the electronic media.)2. n. someone who sees a crime or an accident and can describe what happened* Police have appealed for witnesses to come forward.(=The witness was asked to identify the defendant in the courtroom.)beat a path to/ be

33、at down sb s door: if people beat a path to your door, they are interested in sth. you are selling, a service you are providing etc.* The new design was supposed to have consumers beating a path to their door.现在她已经成名 ,她家门庭若市。(=Now that she has become famous, all sorts of people will be beating a pat

34、h to herdoor.)Pattern:beat a path to/ beat down sb s door门庭若市beat a big drum for/about为鼓吹；;为大肆宣传beat a bargain还价成交remarkable: adj. unusual or surprising and therefore deserving attention or praise* Clark did a remarkable job setting things up for the meeting.(=She has made remarkable progress.)CF: r

35、emarkable, outstanding, striking这三个形容词均有显著的，引人注意的”之意。remarkable通常指因有与众不同的特点或优越性而引起人们注意或称道。outstanding通常指与同行或同类的人相比显得优秀或杰出，或具有他人或别的事物所没有的特征。striking强调能给观察者产生强烈而深刻印象。(Directions:) Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necessary.1. From the outside, the most aspect of the build

36、ing is its tall, slender tower. (=striking)2. It's a achievement for the company. (=remarkable)3. The lowest ranks of society showed the most and significant contrasts. (=striking)4. With her mass of black hair and pale skin she looked very. (=striking)5. The book is a series of interviews with

37、artists and writers. (=outstanding)6. His drawings are for their accuracy. (=remarkable)7. She would create something special, something for her.(=outstanding)landmark: n.1) sth. that is easy to recognize, such as a tall tree or building, and thathelps you know where you are* The Washington Monument

38、 is a popular historical landmark.这座塔曾是船只的陆标。(=The tower was once a landmark for ships.)2) one of the most important events, changes, or discoveries that influences someone or sth.* The Reform and Open Door Policy has become a landmark in Chinese history.小孩的出世是所有相关人生活中一件大事。(=The birth of a child is

39、an important landmark in the lives of all concerned.)overtake (overtook, overtaken):1) v. go past a moving vehicle or person because you are going faster than them and want to get in front of them* Before you start to overtake, make sure the road is clear ahead of you.(=Two trucks overtaking one ano

40、ther brushed him to the side.)2) vt. catch up with or pass after catching up with"Television soon overtook the cinema as the most popular form ofentertainment.在工业产量方面德国迅速超过了英国。(=Germany rapidly overtook Britain in industrial output.)NB:前缀over可以放在名词，动词，形容词前边表达" too much过分” 的含义。例如:a overpopulation人白过“ 剩“；overwork ”过度工作"；"overweight""超重的"。displace: vt. take the place of; replace* Coal has been displaced by natural gas as a major source of energy.(=Some of the companies that have been displaced h