高三英语精编复习资料语法专题名词和代词

1、2009年高三英语精编复习资料：语法专题（名词和代词）名词：历年高考英语对名词的考查：一、名词词义辨析：1.对固定搭配中的名词的考查此部分主要考查名词与形容词、动词或介词的搭配。搭配问题比较复杂, 有时是依据语法搭配, 有时又是依据习惯搭配。由于没有任何规律可言, 语境的辅助作用又比较有限, 因此备考中应强调日常积累与总结归类。 例1：Don't leave matches or cigarettes on the table within_ of little children.A.hand B.reach C.space D.distance例2：This is not a mat

2、ch. We're playing chess just for_.A.habit B.custom C.fun D.game2.依据语境选择合适的名词此部分主要考查多义词在特定的上下文语境中的意义选择, 它要求考生既能掌握名词近义词之间的细微区别, 又要能够充分挖掘语境的内在要求, 这是名词考查的最难部分。例3：lt can't be a（n）_that four jewelry stores were robbed one night.A.coincidence B.accident C.incident D.chance例4：l'm sorry l stepped

3、 outside for a smoke. l was very tired.There is no_ for this while you are on duty. A.reason B.excuse C.cause D.explanation二、可数名词、不可数名词及它们之间的转化。高考对此点的考查主要集中在两个方面：一是考查名词的可数与不可数；二是抽象名词与普通名词的转化。.对名词可数、不可数的考查例：He gained his_ by printing_ of famous writers.A.wealthB.wealths; worksC.wealths; workD.wealth;

4、 works.抽象名词与普通名词的转化 例：When you finish reading the book, you will have_ better understanding of _life. A.a; the B.the; a C.不填; the D.a;不填例7：One way to understand thousands of new words is to gain_ good knowledge of basic word formation. A.不填B.the C.a D.one 三、名词作定语名词作定语时, 通常用单数形式。某些常用复数名词作复数名词定语的情况要专门

5、总结记忆。如：arms production, clothes shop, sales department, a goods train, savings bank, plastics industry 等。例8：The_ is just around the corner and you won't miss it.A.bicycle's shop B.bicycle shop C.bicycles shop D.bicycles' shop答案：1-5 BCABD6-8 DCB 代词：下面我们来具体看一下每种代词的特点和高考考查要点。1、人称代词 1）人称代词作主

6、语用主格, 作宾语、表语用宾格, 但应注意以下4中情况： 作主语的人称代词如果孤立地使用于无谓语动词的句子中, 或在这种句子中与动词不定式连用, 常用宾格。 Does any of you know where Tom lives? Me. 句子中代词作宾语或宾语补足语时, 与所替代的名词在人称、数、格在意义上一般要保持前后一致。 The thief was thought to be he. 作表语人称代词一般用宾格, 但在强调句型中, 被强调部分代词的格不变。I met her in the hospital.It was her who I met in the hospital.在比较

7、级的句子中than、as后用主格、宾格都可以。如：He is taller than me（I）.但在下列句中有区别。 I like Jack as much as her.=I like both Jack and her. 2.物主代词 （1）名词和形容词性物主代词各自的语法功能。 （2）one's own=.of one's own 句式的转换。 （3）某些固定结构中常用定冠词代替物主代词。 如： take sb. by the arm, be wounded in the leg. 3.反身代词 （1）反身代词的语法功能：宾语、表语、主语或宾语的同位语。 （2）反身代词

8、和某些动词连有, 构成固定短语。 enjoy oneself, feel oneself, make oneself at home, make oneself understood4.相互代词（each other, one another） 相互代词无人称、数和格的区别, 在句中作宾语。其所有格分别为each other's, one another's ,作定语。 一般来说, each other指两者之间, one another指三者或三者以上之间, 但现在区分已不明显。 5.指示代词（this, that , these, those, such, same）6、疑

9、问代词（who,whom,which,what,whose） 疑问代词在句中作主语、宾语、定语和表语。7.连接代词和关系代词 连接代词与疑问代词的形式相同, 主要有who、whom 、whose、what、which以及它们与ever合成的代词whoever、whomever、whatever、whichever等。它们用来引导主语从句, 宾语从句和表语从句, 即连接复合句中的主句和从句, 并在从句中担任一定的句子成分, 以连接代词引起的名词性从句前不能再加that. 关系代词是用来引导定语从句的代词, 它们包括who、whom、whose、which、that等8、不定代词 不定代词主要有：

10、all、every、both、either、neither、one、little、few、many、much、other、another、some、any、no等。还有由some、any、no和every构成合成代词, 不定代词具有名词和形容词的性质, 并有可数和不可数之分, 在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、同位语、定语、状语等（every、no只能作定语）。精典名题：1. The Parkers bought a new house but_will need a lot of work before they can move in.A.they B.it C.one D.which 2.I

11、f you want to change for a double room youll have to pay_$ 15.A.another B.other C.more D.each 3. Few pleasures can equal _of a cool drink on a hot day.A.some B.any C.that D.those、3.Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment, _ I will always treasure.A.that B.one C.it D.what4.Sarah has read l