电机方向课程设计报告书

1、题 目（算例）:丫132M-4 额定数据与性能指标1、电机型号Y132M -42、额定功率Pn=7.5千瓦3、额定频率fN =50赫4、额定电压及接法 Un=380伏5、极数 2P=46、绝缘等级 B7、力能指标：效率0.853 0.878、功率因数cos 0.84 0.859、最大转矩倍数Tm 2.210、 起动性能：起动电流倍数Ist 7,起动转矩倍数Tst 2.2算例（一）额定数据和主要尺寸：1. 额定功率：Pn 7.5KW2. 额定电压：Un Un 380V（ 接）3. 功电流：lkW -P 75 10 A 6.58Amg3 3804. 效率：0.875. 功率因素：cos '

2、0.856. 极对数：p 27. 定转子槽数每相每极槽数取整数q13则 Z, 2mpq,2 3 2 336Z232并采用斜肩平底槽8. 定转子每极槽数Zp,乙2p3649Z2328Zp22p49 确定电机电机主要尺寸主要尺寸来确定DJ和lefKe0.01081 nPN 0.013p 0.9310.01081 n7.5 0.013 2 0.9310.927计算功率KePn1cos0.9277.51030.870.85P9.4KW0.67T，初选 ap 0.68 , KNm1.095 , Kdp10.96可取 A 25600%，取 B假定n' 1440九。V , 6.1 , ?匕apKNm

3、Kdp1 AB n61?1?9A型0.68 1.095 0.9625600 0.671440 0.00324m32pV则Di'0.00324m0.141m按定子外径比求出定子冲片外径Di10.141D1Di,D0.640.2203m取 D10.22mDi1 D1 (Di1 D)0.22/0.640.141m铁心的有效长度:lefVDm°.00324 0.163m20.141取铁心长li0.160m10 气隙的确定0.3(0.47 3)1030.3 (0.4 7.0.1410.160)10 3m0.4 10 3m于是铁心有效长度lef li 2(0.1602 0.0004) m

4、 0.161m转子外径 D2Di1 2(0.141 2 0.0004)m 0.140m转子径先按转轴直径：Di20.048m11 .极距Di10.1410.111m2p412 .定子齿距t1Di10.1410.0123m乙36D20.140转子齿距 t2Z2320.0161m13 .定子绕组采用单层绕组，交叉式，节距1-9 , 2-10 , 11-1214 .为了削弱齿谐波磁场的影响，转子采用斜槽，一般斜一个定子齿距t1，于是转子斜槽宽bsk 0.0130m15. 设计定子绕组并联支路a11.每槽导体数Ns1 3216. 每相串联匝数N 1亠勺込空384m1a13 1每相串联匝数N1 N 1

5、384 1922 217. 绕组线规设计初选定子电密J；4.0A mm2，计算导线并绕根数和每根导线截面积的乘积。I；8.902MA 2.22mma1 J11 4.0其中定子电流初步估计值I11 KWcos8.90A0.87 0.85选用截面积相近的铜线：高强度漆包线，并绕根数Ni1 2，线径d1 1.18mm，绝缘后直径 d 1.25mm，截面积 A；1 1.0936mm2， 2人1 2.1872mm218. 设计定子槽形i1minDu 2(h°1hs11)乙bi6.7 100.140 2 (0.8 0.924) 10 336ilminD ii 2(hoi h22) nZ2ri2

6、4.410n 0.141 2 (0.8 14.5) 10 3366.17 10 3m取b16.04 1019. 槽在面积Ash)2 4.46.7(14.50.5)4.42按槽绝缘采用DMDM复合绝缘,138.9 10 6mi0.3mm ,槽楔为h 0.5mm，复合板，槽绝缘占面积。Aii (2h12 ri)0.0003 (2 0.01450.0044)6212.8 10 m槽满率Sf2Aef2 32 1.252126.179.4%20. 绕组系数Kp1 1Kd1sinqa2.3 20sin20.9598.aqsin23sin2其中a每相有效串联导体数N 1 Kdp1 384 0.9598368

7、21. 设计转子槽形与转子绕组预计转子导条电流：'3N Kpi3 368 八Al2 kA 0.90 8.90A 245.64AZ236其中ki 0.90由资料查出。初步取转子导条电密Jb 3.5 A mm2，I于是导条的截面积：AB匕 245.64 mm270.18mm2Jb 3.5b 2 maxD22(hs2lhs02)0.14 2 (1.30 0.5) 10 35.5 10 3m3237.89 10 mb D22(hs21hs02hs22).b2 min-bs 22Z 20.14 2 (23 0.5) 10 10 m32b2bi2maxW(b 2 max3bi2min16.13 1

8、0 6.13 10 m(7.89 10 3 6.13 10 3)m导条截面积（转子槽面积）Ab (bohS)hsi2 (bsS)hS222 21 553 552()1.30() (231.30)m22 26296.45 10 m估计端环电流'Z232lR l2-245.64 A 625.5A2 p4端环所需面积IAr A 625.5 mm2297.9mm2Jr 2.1其中 端环电密Jr 0.6JB 2.1 A mm2得端环所需面积为AR 250 10(二)磁路计算22. 满载电势初设 kE (1 L)0.940E1(1 L)Un 0.940 380V357.2V23. 每极磁通初设ks

9、 1.25由图3-5查得kNm 1.090巳4k“m kdpl fNl35以wb4 1.090 0.9598 50 192 0.00889Wb为计算磁路各部分磁密，需先计算磁路中各部分的磁导截面24.每极下齿部截面积A1 kFeh b1Z p10.95 0.160 6.04 1019.3 10转子轭部高度 9 8.26 10 3m225.A2kFehb2Zp2定子轭部高度hj1罟0.95 0.160 6.72 10 38 8.1710 3m2hs20.220.141(0.8 14.5 4.4) 103m,'D2 Di 2 hj2 whs20.140 0.048(2330.5) 10 3

10、322.5 10 3m轭部导磁截面积Aj1kFehhj10.950.16019.3310 m22.934 10 3m2Aj 2kFeli hj 20.950.16022.510 3m23.42 10 3m226.一极下空气隙截面积Alef 0.111 0.163m2 0.01809m228.29.30.31.32.Fs吕B av a p气隙磁密计算11.470.681.47 0.00889 T0.01809定子齿部磁密:Bi1FsAl1.47 0.00889 T3 T8.26 10齿部磁密Ai21.47 0.00889 T8.17 100.722T1.561T1.578T从D23磁化曲线找出对

11、应上述磁密的磁场强度:Hi1 32.6 A cmH i2 37.8 A cm有效气隙长度ef k 1.025 0.4 10 3m 0.41 10 3m其中气隙系数为1(4.4O.75b01)讯4.40.75m)算330.0123 (4.4 0.4 100.75 3.5 10 )0.0123 (4.4 0.4 10 3 0.75 3.5 10 3) (3.5 10 3)2t2(4.4O.75b02)t2(4.40.75bo2)b020.0161 (4.4 0.4 10 30.75 1 10 3)33F20.0161 (4.4 0.4 100.75 1 10 ) (1 10 ) 1.0025k k

12、 1k 11.023 1.00251.02533.齿部磁路计算长度1Li1(h11h21)3 r211Li2(h12h22)_ r21314.51 4.4m15.97332310 m10 3m34.轭部磁路计算长度L'j1(D1 hjj2p(0.22 19.3 10 3)78.87 10 3m 335.Lj1(D1 hjj2p气隙磁压降1.0253(0.22 19.3 10 )78.87 103m 30T A 235.57A36.齿部磁压降Fi1H i1 Li132.6231015.97 10 A 52.06AFi2Hi2Li223102 37.8 10 3A 86.94Aks235.

13、57 52.06 86.941.258235.57误差=1.2581.251.2580.63%1%，合格38. 定子轭部磁密Bj1 10.008893T 1.450T2 Aj12 2.934 1039. 转子轭部磁密Bj2 1°.00889 3T 1.242T2 Aj2 2 3.42 1040. 从D23磁化曲线找出对应上述磁密的磁场强度:H j1 15.5 A cm H j2 73.8 A cm41. 轭部磁压降：其中轭部磁位降校正系数由资料的附图查出hj1319.3 100.1110.174, Bj1 1.450T 于是 Cj1 0.410Fj1C j1H j1L j10.410

14、 15.5 102 78.81 10350.08Ahj1322.5 100.2030.111，Bj2 1.242T 于是 Cj2 0.410Fj2Cj2H j2Lj20.4107.38 10227.69 1038.991A42. 每极磁势F FFi1Fi2Fj1Fj2(22.741 33.86 54.51 50.088.99)A374.85AIm2 pF0.9m1 N1kdp14 374.850.9 3 192 0.959844. 磁化电流标么值1；仏整 0.458I kW 6.5845. 励磁电抗2X 4 f m1 (N%) lksPXms 4 f 0；1 efef4 50 0.410 63

15、 (192 0.9598)20.167 0.1111.258 2 0.41 10 3146.46VV1 kW146.46 6.583802.536msmsUn46. 线圈平均半匝长单层线圈1c 1b Kc y=0.195+1.2 X 0.09929=0.314m1B h 2=0.165+2 X 0.015=0.195mt y = Di1 2(h° hn) h21 21 /2 pX 10-3 +4.4 X 10-3/2 X 2=n 0.141+2(0.8+0.924)+(14.5-0.924)=99.29 X 10-3m节距比 2/3 << 1,取 =0.8其中d1是线圈直

16、线部分伸出铁心的长度，取1030mmlE 2d1 Kcy 2 X 0.015+1.2 X 0.0993=0.150m48 .漏抗系数Cx = 420(N1Kdp1) !efPN/miPUN=4 X X 50 X 0.4 X 10-7 (0.9598 X 192 ) 2 X 0.163 X 7.5 X 10-3/3X 2 X 380=0.0378749 .定子槽比漏磁导s1Ku1 u1 K L1 L1=1 X 0.410+1 X 0.830=1.24u12h11(b01 b11 )0.82 0.9243.53.5 6.7=0.410L1=0.830h21因2®(M.50.924) =1

17、.5432 4.4bn22167 =0.762 4.4其中 Ku1 =Kl1=1Xs12mi pl t1 s1CX2 Zi Kdpi lef2 3 2 0.160 1.24 Cx36 0.95982 0.163=0.440 Cx51 定子谐波漏抗SCx22ef K dpi Ks3 0.111 0.009Cx320.41 100.95982 1.368=0.5877 Cx其中 S=0.00952 .定子端部漏抗单层交叉式绕组的端部漏抗与分组的单层同心式绕组相近则:*X E10.47(Ie 0.64 y)CXK dp1 lef0.47(0.150 0.64 0.0993)Cx20.163 0.95

18、98=0.270 Cx53 .定子漏抗X 1 Xs1 X 1 Xe1=(0.440+0.5877+0.27) Cx =1.2977 Cx =0.049154 转子槽比漏磁导s2 u2 L2 °.5732.23匹 05 0 5u20.5b°212hl2(b°2bl2 )L(12 1.305.5) 1.330=1.73h/b 2=7.6 , b/b 2=1.83查表得入l=1.33055 转子槽漏抗*Xs22m1 plt2 sQxZ2lef=2 3 0.160 2.23CX32 0.163=0.821 Cx56 转子谐波漏抗miRCXef K s3 0.111 0.0

19、150CX0.41 10=0.9023 Cx查表得 R=0.015*X E20.757(匕 dr)CXe21.13 2p lef= 0.757 0.132Cx0.163 4=0.150 Cx58 转子斜槽漏抗= 0.5(0.01%.0i6i)2 0.9023Cx=0.29 Cx59 转子漏抗Xs2Xe2 Xsk=(0.821+0.9023+0.15+0.29) Cx=2.1633 Cx=0.081960 .总漏抗=0.13161 .定子直流电阻Ri=2NilcN ti Aci= 0.0217 10 6 2 192 0.3142 1.0936 10 6 1=1.19662 定子相电阻标幺值*Ri

20、 =Rl I kw= 1.196 6.58380=0.0207有效材料定子导线重量GW Cl C N si Z1 Nti Aci=1.05 x 0.314 x 32 x 36 x 1.0936 x 10-6 x 8.9 x 103=7.393 kg1.05式中C为考虑导线绝缘和引线重量的系数，漆包圆铜线取为导线密度硅钢片重量GFe =KfJt(DI)2 Fe=0.95 x 0.163 x( 0.22+0.005 ) 2x 7.8 x 10-3=61.897 kg式中为冲剪余量，取5 x 10-3m转子电阻导条电阻折算值2'_ KB LB4m1( N1Kdp1)Rb =6 2= 0.04

21、34 101.04 0.195 4 3 (192 0.9598)696.45 1032=1.162式中Kb是叠片不整齐造成导条电阻增加的系数端环电阻折算值2 _ DRZ2m1 (N1 Kdp1)Rr = 一2 P2ArZ262=0.0434 1032 0.132 4 3 (192 0.9598)62 3.14 4 250 1032=0.03716导条电阻标幺值Rb*= _RB2jkw =1.16 6.58 =0.02012Un380端环电阻标幺值*RrI kw 0.3716 6.58 ,Rr =JKW =0.00643UN380转子电阻标么值R2 = Rb +Rr =0.02655(四)工作性

22、能计算65. 满载时定子电流有功分量标么值|1p*= 110.89123666. 满载时转子电流无功分量标么值Ix= 1 X l1p21+( 1 Xl1p)2=1.0216 X 0.13944 X (1.1236) 2 X 1+(1.0216 X 0.1394 X 1.1236) 2 =0.1811 =1+ X*=1。卫49% 536 =1.0216/入 ms'67 满载时定子电流无功分量标么值11Q* =Im*+ lx*=0.469+0.143=0.6568满载电势标么值Ke=1 l=1 (I1p R1 + I1Q X 1 )=1 (1.1236 X 0.0207+0.65 X 0.

23、0491)=0.942与22项初设值Ke相符69. 空载时电势标么值1 q=1 一 I m X 1 =1 0.309 X 0.0419=0.97670. 空载时定子齿磁密Bt10 = ( )Bt1= (°.97%.加2)1.58 =1.637T71. 空载时转子齿磁密Bt2° = ( )Bt2 (°976) 1.60=1.658T1 L0.94272空载时定子轭磁密Bjio=( IB”(0.976) 1.45=1.502T1 L j 0.94273. 空载时转子轭磁密Bj20=( )Bj2 (0.976) 1.242 =1.287T1 l0.94274. 空载时气

24、隙磁密B 0 = ( )B(°976) 0.722 =0.748T1 L0.94275. 空载时定子齿部磁压降Ft10 =Ht1oLt1=46.8 X 10 2 X 15.97 X 10-3=74.74A76. 空载时转子齿部磁压降Ft20 = Ht20Lt2=53.4 X 102 X 23 X 10-3=122.82A77. 空载时定子轭部磁压降Fj10 = Cj1Hj1°Lj1=0.40 X 20.1 X 102 X 78.81 X 10-3=63.36A78. 空载时转子轭部磁压降Fj20 = Cj2Hj2°Lj2=0.43 X 8.90 X 102 X 2

25、7.69 X 10-3=10.597A79. 空气隙磁压降1.025 0.748 0.4 100.410 6=244.05AF 00F t10F t20F j10 F j 20 F 0=74.74+122.82+63.36+10.597+244.05=504.97A81. 空载磁化电流2 pF001 m00.9 mNKdpi=2 2 504.970.9 3 192 0.9598=4.06A(四)工作性能计算82. 定子电流标么值= . (I*2ipI*2iq) = . (1.12362 0.652) =1.249定子电流实际值I1 l；lkw 1.249 X 6.58=8.51A83. 定子电

26、流密度J1=“8.513.89 A mm2a1Nt1Ac11 1.093684. 线负荷A gN 儿 3 320 8.51,A1=22132A mDi1 3.14 0.14185. 转子电流标么值I2 = (I 21p I 2x)=；(1.12362 0.18432) =1.139转子电流实际值* mN ia12 = I 2 Ikw= 1.139 6.583 384 0.959832=258.96A端环电流实际值Ir=I25896 32 659.4A2 p 2 3.14 286.转子电流密度导条电密j 上J BAb258.9696.452.685 A2 mm端环电密87.jLrJ RAr659

27、.42502.64 A2 mm定子电气损耗* *2 *FCu1I1 R =1.2942 X 0.0207=0.0347*qpcu1 FCu1 PN 0.0347 X 7.5 X 103=260.25W88.转子电气损耗*3Pai2 = Pai2 Pn=0.0344 X 7.5 X 103=258 W2*Pai2I2 R2 =1.139 2 X 0.02655=0.034489.附加损耗铜条转子Ps*=0.02*3Ps= Ps Pn=0.02 X 7.5 X 103=150 W90. 机械损耗二级封闭自扇冷式Pf w= (3/p) 2(D1)4 X 1 0 4= (3/2) 2X(0.22)4X

28、104=52.7 W机械损耗标么值*3Pfw*= Pf w/ P N=52.7/7.5 X 103=0.0070391. 定子铁耗(1) 定子轭重量Gt=4pAtiLti Fe=4 X 2 X 2.934 X 10-3 X 78.81 X 10-3 X 7.8 X 103=14.43 kg(2) 定子齿重量Gj=2pAjiLjFe =4 X2 X 8.26 X 10-3 X 15.97 X 10-3 X 7.8 X 103=4.116 kg(3) 损耗系数Phet =6.8Phej=5.1(4) 定子齿损耗PFet= K1 Phet Gt=2X 5.10 X14.43=147.2 W(5) 定

29、子轭损耗PFej= K 2 Phej Gj =2.5 X6.80 X 4.116=69.97 W(6) 定子铁耗PFe= PFet+PFej=147.2+69.97=217.17W对于半闭口槽按经验取Ki=2 K2=2.5铁耗标么值PFe= PFe/ P n=217.17/7.5 X 10 3=0.02992总损耗标么值工 p = Pcu1 +PaI2 +Pfw + Ps +PFe=0.0347+0.0344+0.02+0.00703+0.029 =0.125193. 输出功率Pn1*=1+ 艺 p*=1+0.1251=1.125194. 效率=1 艺 p*/ Pn1*=1 0.1251/1.

30、1251=0.869%(87% 86.9%)/87%=0.115%<0.5%95. 功率因数cos =hp7 1=1.1249/1.294=0.8796. 转差率*S = iAl1 PAl 2PsPFerPfw=0.03441 0.03440.02 0.0154 0.007=0.0319PFer =PnTm*=*2(R1=2.7499.起动电流假设值=(1 0.5) 147.2(10.4) 69.9737.5 10=0.015497. 转速n N=(60f/p)(1 Sn)=60 X 50/2 X (1 0.0319) =1452 r/min98. 最大转矩倍数1 SN1 *2 *2W

31、X )1st' =(2.53.5) Tm*Ikw=3 X 3.157 X 6.58=59.1A100.起动时定转子槽磁势平均值Fst= Ist' (Ns1/a 1)0.707 Ku1+Kd1 (0.0207.(0.0207* 2 0.1312)Kp1(ZZ 2) . (10)=59.1 X 32 X 0.707 X 1+0.9598 2 X 1 X (36/32) X 0.976=2836.5A101空气隙中漏磁场的虚拟磁密=0.4 n X 10-6 X 2836.5/2 X 0.4 X 10 3 X 0.9367 =4.757Tc =0.64+2.5t1 t2=0.64+2.

32、5f 0.4 12.3 16.1=0.9367由Bl查得漏抗饱和系数Kz=0.44102齿顶漏磁饱和引起的定子齿顶宽度的减少Csi=(t i b°i)(1 Kz)=(12.3-3.5) X (1 - 0.44)=4.93 X 10-3m103. 齿顶漏磁饱和引起的转子齿顶宽度的减少CS2 = (t2 b 02)(1 Kz)=(16.1 1) X (1 0.44)=8.456 X 10-3m104. 起动时定子槽比漏磁导S1(St) =Ku1 ( u1 u1 )+ Kl1 L1=(0.410-0.185)+ 0.83 =1.055(ho10.58 hnu1 (b01)(CS1)CS1 1 .5b014.93=( =0.185105. 起动时定子槽漏抗Xs1(st) = (S1(；/ S1 )Xs1=(1.055/1.24) X 0.440 CX =0.3743 Cx106. 起动时定子谐波漏抗X 8 1(st) =Kz X 8 1=0.44 X 0.5877 Cx =0.2586 CX107. 起动时定子漏抗X ff1(st) = Xs1(st) + X 8 1(st) +Xe1=(0.3743+0.2586+0.270)Cx =0.0342108. 考虑集肤效应转子导条相对高度=1.987 X 10-3h