LAMOST光谱仪器

1、www.LAMOST.orgLAMOST光谱仪器光谱仪器朱永田朱永田 王磊王磊 罗秋凤罗秋凤 武旭华武旭华南京天文光学技术研究所LAMOST项目-工程部2004. 08. 02，延吉 www.LAMOST.org 16 台低分辨率光谱仪台低分辨率光谱仪(LRS) （建议书建议书，初步初步设计设计报告报告） R1000,2000,4000,5000,10000 1 台高分辨率光谱仪台高分辨率光谱仪(HRS) （建议书建议书，初步初步设计设计报告报告） R30000-100000 3 台多目标中分辨率光谱仪（台多目标中分辨率光谱仪（MRS）? R20000-30000 LAMOSTLAMOST光谱

2、光谱仪器配置仪器配置www.LAMOST.org平面光栅（样机）或平面光栅（样机）或 VPHG （正样）（正样） 多目标多目标 250 光纤光纤/台台16 台台=4000 光纤光纤 2K2K CCD (4K4K) 双通道双通道 370nm - 900nm R1000（建议书）（建议书） 换光栅限狭缝，蓝区换光栅限狭缝，蓝区 R2000，4000（杭州会议）（杭州会议） 换光栅限狭缝，红区换光栅限狭缝，红区 R5000，10000（杭州会议）（杭州会议） LRSsLRSswww.LAMOST.org (A) A/mmA/Pixel (A)RX (mm)3700.05.9747.816261.14

3、7594.907754.03-23.413800.06.4347.774481.1465874.907774.41-21.303900.06.8947.729561.1455094.907794.79-19.204000.07.3547.68151.1443564.907815.17-17.094100.07.8247.630291.1431274.907835.55-14.984200.08.2847.575911.1418224.907855.93-12.884300.08.7447.518351.140444.907876.31-10.774400.09.2147.457611.1389

4、834.907896.68-8.664500.09.6747.393671.1374484.907917.06-6.554600.010.1447.326521.1358364.907937.44-4.444700.010.6047.256141.1341474.907957.82-2.324800.011.0747.182521.1323814.907978.20-0.214900.011.5447.105651.1305364.907998.581.925000.012.0047.025511.1286124.9071018.964.045100.012.4746.942081.12661

5、4.9071039.346.175200.012.9446.855341.1245284.9071059.728.305300.013.4146.765281.1223674.9071080.1010.445400.013.8946.671871.1201254.9071100.4812.595500.014.3646.57511.1178024.9071120.8614.745600.014.8346.474951.1153994.9071141.2316.905700.015.3146.371391.1129134.9071161.6119.065800.015.7846.26441.11

6、03464.9071181.9921.235900.016.2646.153961.1076954.9071202.3723.41蓝区800 l/mm光栅www.LAMOST.org (A) A/mmA/Pixel (A)RX (mm)5700.06.2070.808431.6994027.258785.33-23.735800.06.5170.765591.6983747.258799.11-22.315900.06.8270.720631.6972957.258812.89-20.886000.07.1370.673551.6961657.258826.67-19.466100.07.45

7、70.624341.6949847.258840.45-18.046200.07.7670.5731.6937527.258854.22-16.626300.08.0770.519531.6924697.258868.00-15.196400.08.3870.463921.6911347.258881.78-13.776500.08.7070.406161.6897487.258895.56-12.356600.09.0170.346251.688317.258909.33-10.926700.09.3270.284191.6868217.258923.11-9.506800.09.6470.

8、219961.6852797.258936.89-8.076900.09.9570.153571.6836867.258950.67-6.657000.010.2770.085011.682047.258964.45-5.227100.010.5870.014261.6803427.258978.22-3.797200.010.8969.941331.6785927.258992.00-2.367300.011.2169.86621.6767897.2581005.78-0.937400.011.5369.788871.6749337.2581019.560.507500.011.8469.7

9、09341.6730247.2581033.331.937600.012.1669.627591.6710627.2581047.113.377700.012.4769.543621.6690477.2581060.894.817800.012.7969.457411.6669787.2581074.676.257900.013.1169.368971.6648557.2581088.457.698000.013.4369.278281.6626797.2581102.229.138100.013.7569.185331.6604487.2581116.0010.588200.014.0669

10、.090111.6581637.2581129.7812.038300.014.3868.992621.6558237.2581143.5613.488400.014.7068.892841.6534287.2581157.3314.938500.015.0268.790771.6509797.2581171.1116.398600.015.3468.68641.6484747.2581184.8917.858700.015.6668.57971.6459137.2581198.6719.328800.015.9968.470691.6432967.2581212.4520.788900.01

11、6.3168.359331.6406247.2581226.2222.269000.016.6368.245621.6378957.2581240.0023.73红区 540 l/mm 光栅Dispersion as function of wavelength404244464850525456586062646668707274300040005000600070008000900010000Wavelength (A)Dispersion (A/mm)blueredResolution as function of wavelength70080090010001100120013003

12、500450055006500750085009500Wavelength (A)Resolutionblueredwww.LAMOST.org4300.016.5624.57760.5898632.4881728.38-22.284400.017.4624.45995 0.5870392.4881768.58-18.184500.018.3624.33566 0.5840562.4881808.77-14.064600.019.2724.20461 0.5809112.4881848.97-9.934700.020.1824.06671 0.5776012.4881889.16-5.7948

13、00.021.1023.92182 0.5741242.4881929.36-1.624900.022.0223.76983 0.5704762.4881969.552.585000.022.9523.61060.5666542.4882009.756.805100.023.8923.44398 0.5626562.4882049.9411.055200.024.8323.26981 0.5584752.4882090.1415.355300.025.7923.087920.554112.4882130.3319.685400.026.7422.89813 0.5495552.4882170.

14、5324.06 (A) A/mmA/Pixel (A)RX (mm)蓝区1500 g/mm光栅www.LAMOST.org6200.017.4630.575070.7338022.9872075.84-42.266300.018.1830.451450.7308352.9872109.32-38.916400.018.9030.322450.7277392.9872142.80-35.556500.019.6330.1880.7245122.9872176.29-32.196600.020.3630.048020.7211522.9872209.77-28.826700.021.1029.90

15、2440.7176592.9872243.25-25.456800.021.8429.751170.7140282.9872276.73-22.076900.022.5829.594140.7102592.9872310.21-18.687000.023.3329.431240.706352.9872343.69-15.277100.024.0829.262380.7022972.9872377.17-11.867200.024.8329.087460.6980992.9872410.66-8.427300.025.5928.906350.6937532.9872444.14-4.977400

16、.026.3628.718960.6892552.9872477.62-1.507500.027.1328.525150.6846042.9872511.101.99 (A) A/mmA/Pixel (A)RX (mm)红区1200 g/mm光栅www.LAMOST.orgDispersion as function of wavelength202224262830323436384030003500400045005000550060006500Wavelength (A)Dispersion (A/mm)www.LAMOST.orgResolution as function of wa

17、velength1400150016001700180019002000210022002300240025003500400045005000550060006500Wavelength (A)Resolutionwww.LAMOST.org (A) A/mmA/Pixel (A)RX (mm)4600.041.749.485348 0.2276480.9095060.47-23.084700.044.119.127667 0.2190640.9095170.48-12.284800.046.578.738474 0.2097230.9095280.50-1.084900.049.168.3

18、133440.199520.9095390.5110.655000.051.887.846438 0.1883150.9095500.5223.08蓝区3025.7 l/mm光栅www.LAMOST.org8000.047.0513.791830.3310041.2966172.22-24.408100.048.6813.366690.3208011.2966249.38-16.998200.050.3512.916130.3099871.2966326.53-9.368300.052.0912.437390.2984971.2966403.68-1.478400.053.9011.92707

19、0.286251.2966480.836.748500.055.7911.380930.2731421.2966557.9915.338600.057.7810.793520.2590451.2966635.1424.40 (A) A/mmA/Pixel (A)RX (mm)红区 1900 l/mm 光栅www.LAMOST.orgDispersion as function of wavelength7891011121314154500500055006000650070007500800085009000Wavelength (A)Dispersion (A/mm)www.LAMOST.

20、orgResolution as function of wavelength50005100520053005400550056005700580059006000610062006300640065006600670068004500500055006000650070007500800085009000Wavelength (A)Resolutionwww.LAMOST.org 光谱分辨能力光谱分辨能力光栅蓝区红区 R 800 l/mm540 l/mm370590nm570900nm并象素500标准1000窄狭缝20001500l/mm1200l/mm110nm130nm标准2000窄狭

21、缝4000 ?600 700 标准4000 窄狭缝8000 3025.7l/mm1900 l/mm40nm60nm标准6000窄狭缝12000 LRSLRS光谱分辨能力光谱分辨能力 www.LAMOST.orgVPHGwww.LAMOST.orgwww.LAMOST.orgwww.LAMOST.orgVPH光栅与刻划光栅相比具有以下优点： “闪耀”或效率轮廓由Bragg衍射给定，因此对于不同波长或不同衍射级次可通过改变VPH光栅的入射角获得高效率； 300线/mm 6000线/mm的VPH光栅的衍射效率达80% 95%； 全息技术可以制造出大尺寸的VPH光栅(600mm800mm)； 复合VP

22、H光栅可以减少某些光谱仪的光学元件，简化光谱仪的设计，提高光效率； VPH光栅封闭在两块玻璃材料中间，防尘，易于清洁，寿命长(20年)，性能不衰减； VPH光栅无需复制，没有复制带来的误差。 www.LAMOST.org优点 偏振效应小； 鬼像和杂散光 低； 极高线密度， 6000l/mm; 透射VPH光栅可以具有很高线密度，而SR透射光栅1200l/mm;www.LAMOST.orgVPH光栅的缺点光栅的缺点 高线密度的透射或反射VPH光栅波长范围很窄； 照相机-准直镜间夹角要严格与VPH光栅相适应； 研制高级次(m10)VPH反射光栅目前还不可能www.LAMOST.org应用实例应用实例

23、 NGOS AA SOAR LDSS+ KAOS www.LAMOST.orgwww.LAMOST.orgwww.LAMOST.orgwww.LAMOST.orgwww.LAMOST.orgLAMOST-VPHGwww.LAMOST.orgDiffraction Efficiency vs. Wavelength: 540 lpmm, 740 nm, AOI=AOD=11.525, T = 10 microns0.0000.1000.2000.3000.4000.5000.6000.7000.8000.9001.000550600650700750800850900WavelengthDiff

24、raction efficiencyEsEpEavgwww.LAMOST.orgDiffraction Efficiency versus Wavelength 900 lpmm 480 nm T = 6 microns0.0000.1000.2000.3000.4000.5000.6000.7000.8000.9001.000350400450500550600WavelengthDiffraction efficiencyEavgwww.LAMOST.org1962.6 lpmm, CWL=740nmDickson Grating5 microns0.0000.400

25、.500.600.700.800.901.00640660680700720740760780800820840Wavelength (nm)Diffraction EfficiencyEs TheoreticalEp Theoreticalwww.LAMOST.org3025.7 lpmm, CWL=480nmDickson Grating3 microns0.0000.400.500.600.700.800.901.00400420440460480500520540560Wavelength (nm)Diffraction EfficiencyEs Theoreti

26、calEp Theoreticalwww.LAMOST.orgLRSs 样机样机www.LAMOST.orgSubtitle平面反射光栅和Schmidt相机 www.LAMOST.org光纤光谱分布图 www.LAMOST.orgSubtitlewww.LAMOST.orgwww.LAMOST.orgGrating dataUnitsconst/var Optical ParametersUnitsconst/varg/mm660.0000constant Coll200.0mmconstant B8.70degconstant f/4.0constant 22.50degconstant D

27、(Telescope)4.00mconstant 0.00degconstant f/5constant dE1.52mcomputed fiber core3.30.32mmconstant 31.20degcomputed Fiber degradation0.8computedE-13.80degcomputed Camera:f300.0mmconstant Order m1.0constant Rx2696arcseccomputed3700.0Aconstant Scaling Parameters4235Acomputed Slit projection factor3.028h

28、orcomputed5900.000Aconstant W(slit)/W(image) at blaze positionCCD2048x2048pixelsconstant Image scale 31.224horcomputedPixel size24.000mconstant (sec/mm) at CCD.660 lpm Vavilov 光栅www.LAMOST.orgwww.LAMOST.orgwww.LAMOST.orgwww.LAMOST.orgwww.LAMOST.orgwww.LAMOST.orgwww.LAMOST.orgwww.LAMOST.org20032004，样

29、机研制，样机研制，2005 批量生产批量生产www.LAMOST.org光谱房平面布置图 www.LAMOST.org高分辨率光谱仪初步方案高分辨率光谱仪初步方案HRSwww.LAMOST.orgR4 阶梯光栅阶梯光栅 横向色散：光栅横向色散：光栅 单目标单目标 单通道单通道 2K2K CCD 370nm - 1100nm R30000R100000 HRSHRSwww.LAMOST.orgEchelle02000040000600008000010000012000014000050100150200250300350BEAM SIZE(mm)R(arcsec)R2-ECHELLER2.6-ECHELLER4-ECHELLEwww.LAMOST.orgEchellewww.LAMOST.o