法律英语legal translation1

1、The Theory and Practice of Legal Law TranslationChapter 1 Basic Rules for Legal Translation Accuracy: Contractor shall assume full responsibility for the entire project work until its acceptance. 在项目接收之前，承包方应对工程承担全部责任。 在项目验收之前，承包方应对工程承担全部责任。 原文中的acceptance 译为“接收”不准确，应为“验收”，即工程的完工情况必须经过查验，并确定工程的质量等是否

2、符合合同规定的要求。 Damages for breach of contract by one party consist of a sum equal to the loss, including loss of profit, suffered by the other party as a consequence of the breach. 一方违约违约的损害赔偿金包括因其违约而使另一方遭受损失的金额，含利润损失。 一方违约的损害赔偿金包括因其违约而使另一方遭受损失的金额，含利润损失。 原文中的damages 是一个法律名词，意思是“损害赔偿金”，如果把它看作是damage 的复数，

3、译为“损害”那么表意就不准确了。 Brevity: The packing and wrapping expenses shall be borne by the Buyer. 包装费应由由买方负担负担。 packing and wrapping 是同义词并用，更为严谨。不过在翻译时，译为一个词即可。 Producers of toxic chemicals have the following options: (1) require purchasers to assume responsibility for subsequent spills, (2) deposit money in

4、 a damages escrow fund, (3) terminate production, or (4) post a conspicuous disclaimer of liability on every container. 有毒化学品的生产者具有下列选择：（1）要求买方承担由泄漏而造成的责任;（2）交纳赔偿保证金；（3）停止生产；（4）贴明显的免责标签于每只集装箱上。 原文将4个可供选择的选项用数字表示，采用了平行的动词词组形式，译文也同样选择动词的平行结构。 Normalization: The burden of proof rests with the defendant

5、. 证明的负担由被告承担。 举证责任由被告承担。 burden of proof 是法律英语中的专业术语，指“举证责任”。 Where, through securities trading at a stock exchange, an investor comes to hold 5 percent of shares issued by a listed company, the investor shall, within three days from the date on which such share holding becomes a fact, submit a writ

6、ten report to the Securities Exchange, notify the listed company and make the fact known to the public. 通过证券交易所的证券交易，投资者持有一个上市公司已发行的股份的百分之五时，应当在该事实发生之日起3日内向证券交易所作出书面报告，通知该上市公司，并予以公告。 make known to the public 这个动词短语如果译成“让公众知晓”或者“通知大家”就不能体现出法律语言的专业特征了。 Consistency: shall be prohibited shall be forbidd

7、en goods itemsPractical ExercisesThe balance shall be settled upon the arrival of the goods at the port of destination. 货到目的港后即行付清余款。If any person over the age of 16 years who has the custody, charge or care of any child or young person under that age willfully assaults, ill-treats, neglects, abando

8、ns or exposes such child or young person such person shall be guilty of an offence. 任何超过16岁而对不足该年岁的儿童或少年负有看顾，照看及照顾责任的人，如故意袭击，虐待，疏忽，抛弃或遗弃该儿童或少年也属犯罪。Taxation shall comprise all forms of taxes, including without limitation to income tax, capital gains tax, stamp duty, tariffs, import and export duties,

9、 impositions, and all fines, fees and rates collected by the taxation authority and other authorities. 税收包括各种形式的税额，包括但不限于税务局和其他主管部门征收的所得税，资本收益税，印花税，关税，进出口税，各种征税及一切罚金，手续费和地方税。It is the duty of citizens of the Peoples Republic of China to pay taxes in accordance with the law. 中华人民共和国公民有依法纳税的义务。Citizen

10、s and juristic persons shall enjoy the right of honor. 公民，法人享有荣誉权。Chapter 2 Legal English Vocabulary and Translation Section 1 Comprehension and Translation of Formal Words The Appendix hereto shall, through the contract period, be deemed to be construed as part of this Contract. 整个合同期间，本合同的附件应被理解为合

11、同的一部分。 句中be deemed 和be construed 为法律文件的正式用词，be deemed为“被认为，视为”之意，construe有explain之意，但比其正式，译为“应被理解”。 The headings and marginal notes in these conditions shall not be deemed part thereof or be taken into consideration in the interpretation or construction thereof or of the Contract. 本合同条件中的标题和旁注不应视为合同

12、文本的一部分，在理解或解释合同条件或合同本身时，也不应考虑这些标题和旁注。 句中construction意为explanation， 但更为正式。 If under Clause 31 the Employer employs other Contractors on the Site he shall require them to have the same regard for safety and avoidance of danger. 如果根据第31条规定，业主在现场雇用其他承包人时，业主应要求该承包人在安全和避免危险方面负有同样的责任。 句中require 是正式用词，比ask

13、正式。而且，require 表示上对下的要求，ask没有这么明确，它兼有request 和require之意，但request表示下对上的要求，译成“请求”。 The Chairman may convene an interim meeting in accordance with a proposal made by one-third of the total number of directors. 董事长可根据董事会三分之一董事的提议，召集临时董事会议。 句中convene（召集） 与interim（临时）都是正式用词。 The Times, Places and Manner of

14、 holding Elections for Senators and Representatives, shall be prescribed in each State by the Legislature thereof; but the Congress may at any time by Law make or alter such Regulations, except as to the Places of choosing Senators. 每州的参议员和众议员选举的时间，地点与方式，应由该州议会决定。但除选举参议员的地点外，国会可随时依法制定或修改此类规定。 句中pres

15、cribe 是常用的法律用词，一般在法律条文对某事做较详细规定时使用该词，译成“规定”；句中的law 为不可数名词，泛指法律（体系），by Law译成“依法”。 All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. 本宪法授予的全部立法权，应属于由参议院和众议院组成的合众国国会。 句中powers 是法律用词，意为“权力”，legislative

16、powers译成“立法权”；vest sth. in sb. 意为to give sb. the legal right or power to do sth., 译成“授予，给予”。Practical Exercises The Employers Representative shall carry out the duties specified in the Contract. The Employers representative shall have no authority to amend the Contract. 业主代表应履行合同规定的职责。业主代表无权修改合同。 句中

17、specify 意为详细说明(to state sth. in detail)，译成“规定”；authority意为power, 译成“权力”。 All Bills for raising Revenue shall originate in the House of Representatives; but the Senate may propose or concur with Amendments as on other Bills. 一切征税议案应首先在众议院提出，但参议院可按照处理其他议案的方式，提出修正案或表示赞同。 句中concur with 意为to agree，译成“同意，

18、赞同”。 Neither House, during the Session of Congress, shall, without the Consent of the other, adjourn for more than three days, nor to any other Place than that in which the two Houses shall be sitting. 在国会开会期间，任何一院若未经另一院同意，不得休会三日以上，也不得迁移到两院举行集会以外的其他任何地点。 句中adjourn 意为to stop a meeting or an official period of time，译成“延期，休会”。 The United Nations shall place no restrictions on the eligibility of men and women to participate in any capacity and under conditions of equality in its principal and subsidiary organs. 联合国不得限制男性及女性担任任何职务的资格，不得限制男性，女性按照平等条件在联合国总部及分支机构中工作的资格