流量计量基础知识-CH

1、DIN EN ISO 9001:19942003年流量计量产品销售培训年流量计量产品销售培训2003,2,17 于常州于常州DIN EN ISO 9001:1994气体计量基础知识计量表原理结构和性能皮膜表罗茨表涡轮表计量表的选型和对比体积流量的校正计量表的标定流量计集中管理系统DIN EN ISO 9001:1994基本定义基本定义D D t体积计量取决于流量和时间DIN EN ISO 9001:1994计量过程体积计量体积计量流速计量流速计量转换过程转换过程体积体积能量能量质量质量DIN EN ISO 9001:1994从仪表到结算从仪表到结算Invoicem3P,TConversionP

2、n ,TnkWhDIN EN ISO 9001:1994 什么能量？什么能量？如何一种燃气的能量用其在标准状态下每一立方米所含的热值来代表1 m 3Tr = 0CPr = 101325 Pa=xx,xx kWh0DIN EN ISO 9001:1994体积换算体积换算流量计显示流量计显示的测量体积的测量体积 = Vb.标准状态下的体积标准状态下的体积 = VnNm3DIN EN ISO 9001:1994EkWh = Vn x Ho,n能量是结算的依据能量是结算的依据Volume ConverterGross calorificvalueFVolume at metering conditio

3、nsDIN EN ISO 9001:1994计量基本定义计量基本定义误差曲线 Error curve 误差范围 Error range 计量范围 Measuring range压力损失 Pressure loss脉冲发生器 Pulse generatorDIN EN ISO 9001:1994仪表的误差仪表的误差Vm Measured volume 测量值测量值VrReal volume 实际值实际值100VrVrVm(%)Error DIN EN ISO 9001:1994-2-1012020406080100Flow rate in % of QmaxError in %校验点和误差曲线校

4、验点和误差曲线Q minQ maxRangeability (量程比）量程比）= Q max / QminDIN EN ISO 9001:1994压损压损P1P2D D P = P1-P2 = f(Q,r r)0510152025Flowrate m3/h0,00,51,01,52,0D DP in mbarAirNatural gasDelta G 16DIN EN ISO 9001:1994仪表的通讯能力仪表的通讯能力ex.Pulses generator Low frequency Medium frequency High frequencyDIN EN ISO 9001:1994低频

5、簧片式脉冲发生器低频簧片式脉冲发生器（ LF - pulse generator Reed type） N S10n m3 DIN EN ISO 9001:1994LF pulse generator Reed type低频低频 干簧管脉冲发生器干簧管脉冲发生器LF Transmitter0 0 0 0 0000m3,0-1-2-3-4-5-6-7-01928Reed contactMagnetLast drum01920192DIN EN ISO 9001:1994LF - pulse generator Reed 干簧管脉冲发生器干簧管脉冲发生器 0 0 0 0 0000 0m3,Time

6、1 pulse = 1 complete rotation of the last drum1 脉冲脉冲 = 第一个字轮旋转第一个字轮旋转1周周DIN EN ISO 9001:1994高频传感器高频传感器 （电感式）（电感式）HF transmitter (Inductive type)Pulse value are expressed in:* dm3 / pulse or in: * pulses / m3DIN EN ISO 9001:1994The meters are used for Fiscal metering仪表用于结算计量仪表用于结算计量法定条文法定条文Regulation

7、 by the lawDIN EN ISO 9001:1994规章和规定规章和规定OIML (Recommendations)EU (Norms)National Regulation andRulesDIN EN ISO 9001:1994内容内容European and national approvals approval documents conformity certifications test results Production first calibrationDuring performance periodical checkingDIN EN ISO 9001:199

8、4设计要求设计要求Connections Threated ISO PN or ANSI flangesElectr. approval Cenelec CE labelingPressure vessels Pressure Equipment Directive (PED) leakage and stress testsSpecial customer requirementsex. Ruhrgas Gaz de FranceDIN EN ISO 9001:1994G - SizesQ maxStandardized SizesDIN EN ISO 9001:1994误差范围误差范围Er

9、ror ranges for turbine and rotary metersEUROPEOIML-4-3-2-1012340,1110100Q in % v. QmaxError in%OIMLEUROPEDIN EN ISO 9001:1994误差范围误差范围Error ranges for diaphragm meters Error in %-4-3-2-1012340,1110100Q in % v. QmaxDIN EN ISO 9001:1994对比对比Error in %-4-3-2-1012340,1110100Q in % v. QmaxRPD / TurbineDiap

10、hragm metersDIN EN ISO 9001:1994问题？DIN EN ISO 9001:19941Diaphragm meterDIN EN ISO 9001:1994How does it work?DIN EN ISO 9001:1994体积测量原理体积测量原理Volumetric principleDIN EN ISO 9001:1994ABCDDIN EN ISO 9001:1994ABCDDIN EN ISO 9001:1994ABCDDIN EN ISO 9001:1994ABCDDIN EN ISO 9001:1994ABCDDIN EN ISO 9001:1994

11、ABCDDIN EN ISO 9001:1994ABCDDIN EN ISO 9001:1994ABCDDIN EN ISO 9001:1994Advantage of the volumetric principle ?= Large measuring rangeDIN EN ISO 9001:1994皮膜表误差范围和典型误差曲线皮膜表误差范围和典型误差曲线Error channel for diaphragm meters Typical error curve Error in %-4-3-2-1012340,1110100Q in % v. QmaxQ min0,2 Q maxQ m

12、axDIN EN ISO 9001:1994Diaphragm meterMain characteristics Volume meter (volumetric measuring principle) Low pressure loss Large measuring range (400 ; approval 1:160 ) Not sensitive against flow disturbances Not sensitive against fast flowrate changes (stop and go flowrate)DIN EN ISO 9001:1994Diaphr

13、agm metersRestrictions Operating pressure up to 1 bar Measuring range from 0,016 up to 160m3/h No HF TransmitterInstalling maintenance Big dimensions for larger G size Maintenance freeDIN EN ISO 9001:1994Allowed measuring error errors en %-4-3-2-1012340,1110100Flow rate in %of max. flowperiodically

14、verificationDIN EN ISO 9001:1994问题？DIN EN ISO 9001:19942Rotary piston meterDIN EN ISO 9001:1994体积测量原理体积测量原理置于固定空间中的旋转活塞置于固定空间中的旋转活塞Rotating piston in fixed housing DIN EN ISO 9001:1994DIN EN ISO 9001:1994DIN EN ISO 9001:1994DIN EN ISO 9001:1994DIN EN ISO 9001:1994DIN EN ISO 9001:1994DIN EN ISO 9001:

15、1994DIN EN ISO 9001:1994DIN EN ISO 9001:1994DIN EN ISO 9001:1994DIN EN ISO 9001:1994DIN EN ISO 9001:1994DIN EN ISO 9001:1994DIN EN ISO 9001:1994DIN EN ISO 9001:1994DIN EN ISO 9001:1994V eCyclic volume= 4 x single chamber volume Ve回转体积回转体积DIN EN ISO 9001:1994运行间隙 （公差）Functionally Gap (clearance)ca. 0

16、,1 mmDIN EN ISO 9001:1994Functionally Gap (clearance)Meter headca. 0,1 mmDIN EN ISO 9001:1994油润滑油润滑Oil - lubricationMeter headDIN EN ISO 9001:1994Oil-lubricationDIN EN ISO 9001:1994RPD Meter cutawayDIN EN ISO 9001:1994RPD meterDELTA 2050 G 65Front reading IndexDIN EN ISO 9001:1994误差范围误差范围Error chann

17、el for rotary piston metersEUROPEOIML-4-3-2-1012340,1110100Q in % v. QmaxError in %OIMLEUROPEOIMLNATIONALDIN EN ISO 9001:1994允许误差范围允许误差范围Permitted error range EUROPE-4-3-2-1012340,1110100Q in % v. QmaxError in %Calibration error limitPerformance error limitDIN EN ISO 9001:1994典型误差范围曲线典型误差范围曲线Typical

18、 error range curve for RPDEUROPEOIML-4-3-2-1012340,1110100Q in % v. QmaxError in %Qstart Qmax/1000DIN EN ISO 9001:1994压损压损 Pressure loss0510152025Flow rate m3/h0,00,51,01,52,0D DP in mbarAirNatural gasDIN EN ISO 9001:1994Rotary piston meterMain characteristics volume principle Low pressure loss Larg

19、e measuring range Not sensitive against disturbances Not sensitive against fast changes in flowrate Needs lubricationDIN EN ISO 9001:1994Rotary piston meterRestrictions Operating pressure up to 94 bar Measuring flow from 0,5 up to 1000 m3/h If blocked gas supply is not guaranteedInstallation/commiss

20、ioning Filter and start strainer recommended Control of oil level necessary Control by pressure lossDIN EN ISO 9001:1994RPD meters in stationsDIN EN ISO 9001:199440 m3/h station with RPD meter40 m3/h station with diaphragm meterCompact station fitted with RPD meterDIN EN ISO 9001:1994问题？DIN EN ISO 9

21、001:1994DIN EN ISO 9001:1994计量原理计量原理Measuring principleDIN EN ISO 9001:1994高频传感器油泵温度计双低频电感低频中频外部高频涡轮表涡轮表 Turbine MeterDIN EN ISO 9001:1994FLUXI 2000/TZDIN EN ISO 9001:1994计量精度高，性能稳定测量范围很宽 (8 - 25000 m3/h)产品系列齐全 （DN 50 - 500）经济的大流量测量为什么选择涡轮气体流量表 ?DIN EN ISO 9001:1994q商业计量q工业燃气计量q能源管理q流量调节应用应用DIN EN I

22、SO 9001:1994q计量精度高 （抗流体扰动，只需两倍直管）q测量范围宽 （8 25000 m3/h）q可扩展的量程比（1:20 1:30）q优秀的高压计量性能q低压损q与所有电子单元连接q可进行校正q防水表头 IP67性能性能DIN EN ISO 9001:1994q计量范围 ： 8 - 25000 Nm3/hq计量精度 ： 1 % (0.2 Qmax - Qmax) 2 % (Qmin - 0.2 Qmax)q压力范围 ： 0 - 100 barq燃气温度 ：- 10 C + 60 C q环境温度 ：- 20 C + 60 C 技术指标技术指标DIN EN ISO 9001:1994

23、选择附件内置温度计聚醛树脂或铝合金涡轮外部润滑（油泵）脉冲信号输出 低频：3 x LF（标准设置） 外置低频 中频：MF 高频：2 x HF3 涡轮叶片，1 x HF2 参考叶轮DIN EN ISO 9001:1994典型误差曲线典型误差曲线Typical error curve-5-4-3-2-10120501001502002503003504001 bar20 barsDIN EN ISO 9001:1994Starting time for G 16001020304050607080901000246Time in sec.- 0,07 m3wheel speed in %启动时间对

24、计量的影响启动时间对计量的影响DIN EN ISO 9001:1994Run down time for G 1600102030405060708090100020406080Time in sec.wheel speed in %0,7 m3停表时间对计量的影响停表时间对计量的影响DIN EN ISO 9001:1994不同启停周期下的误差不同启停周期下的误差 Estimated for G 160Load in % v. QmaxSwitch cycles in min.DIN EN ISO 9001:1994气体扰动对计量的影响气体扰动对计量的影响DIN EN ISO 9001:199

25、4Disturbance “left”Flow5 DNDIN EN ISO 9001:1994Disturbance “left”DIN EN ISO 9001:1994Flow5 DNDisturbance “right”DIN EN ISO 9001:1994Disturbance “right”DIN EN ISO 9001:1994Disturbance severe5 DNDIN EN ISO 9001:1994Installation of the meter under testDIN EN ISO 9001:1994-2-1,5-1-0,500,511,520100200300

26、400500Flowrate m3/herror %Straight干扰干扰 DisturbancesDIN EN ISO 9001:1994-2-1.5-1-0.500.511.520100200300400500Flowrate m3/herror %StraightRight干扰干扰 DisturbancesDIN EN ISO 9001:1994-2-1.5-1-0.500.511.520100200300400500Flowrate m3/herror %StraightRightLeft干扰干扰 DisturbancesDIN EN ISO 9001:1994TZ FLUXI 21

27、00 G 160/250Test according OIML R 32 入口：2个弯头 2倍直管StraightRightLeftDIN EN ISO 9001:1994外部稳流器外部稳流器束管束管星形星形孔板孔板筛网筛网DIN EN ISO 9001:1994Turbine meterMain characteristics: Speed meter Middle up to high pressure loss Rangeability at low pressure up to 1:30 Sensitive against disturbances Sensitive against

28、fast load changes (stop and go flow)DIN EN ISO 9001:1994Restrictions: Operating pressure up to 100 bar Measuring range from 8 - 10 000 m3/hInstallation/maintenance Filter recommended Pay attention to the installation conditionsSpecial characteristics: Availability of gas supply even if turbine wheel

29、 is broken Function control not easyTurbine meterDIN EN ISO 9001:1994Turbine meter in stationDIN EN ISO 9001:1994FLUXI 2000/TZ 安装安装 与与 维护维护DIN EN ISO 9001:1994问题？DIN EN ISO 9001:1994使用范围使用范围 100001101001101001000Flowrate m3/hPressure in barTurbineMeterDIN EN ISO 9001:1994计量仪表价格比较计量仪表价格比较Price of the

30、 metersComparison of price of diaphragm, rotary and turbine meter020004000600080001000010100100010000Q max (m3/h)PriceDiaphragmRotary meterTurbineDIN EN ISO 9001:1994计量表的选型计量表的选型G-size 取决于 Qmax计量范围取决于 Qmin/Qmax计量精度要求最高和公称压力允许压力损失经济考虑 仪表和安装投资 运行和维护费用DIN EN ISO 9001:1994计量表的选型计量表的选型 (2)结算计量及相应认证安全要求被测

31、气体及其流动特征 有无扰动 是否频繁开停安装形式和空间要求 计量为主 供气为主选项 HF, 温度计.DIN EN ISO 9001:1994选型例选型例 1：Standard conditions (m3/h) - 1,013 bar, 0C -Qmax = 180 m3/hQmin = 4,5 m3/hReal conditionsP = 300 mbar gauge, T = 30Ch/m1 ,154273302733 , 0013, 1013, 1180maxQ3h/m85, 3273302733 , 0013, 1013, 15 , 4minQ34185, 3160tyRangeabi

32、liWhich meter fits?DIN EN ISO 9001:1994选型例选型例 2：Normal conditions (m3/h) - 1,013 bar, 15C -Qmax = 8000 m3/hQmin = 250 m3/hReal conditions T = 10ChmQ/132415273102735013, 1013, 18000max3hmQ/5 ,3515273102736013, 1013, 1250min3455 ,351600tyRangeabilibarsPgauge65Which meter fits?DIN EN ISO 9001:1994P2 ,

33、1AtmminQPminQrhmPQ/36 ,26)5013, 1 (8 , 02 , 1301600minIs it OK?选型例选型例 2 2：Normal conditions (m3/h) - 1,013 bar, 15C -Qmax = 8000 m3/hQmin = 250 m3/hReal conditions T = 10CbarsPgauge65DIN EN ISO 9001:1994问题？DIN EN ISO 9001:1994体积校正仪体积校正仪 Volume converters为什么要校正为什么要校正人工转换人工转换自动校正自动校正l 温度温度l 压力和温度压力和温度

34、l 压力，温度和压缩系数压力，温度和压缩系数校正依据和规范校正依据和规范DIN EN ISO 9001:1994体积换算体积换算实测体积实测体积 = Vb.标态下体积标态下体积 = VnNm3DIN EN ISO 9001:1994EkWh = Vn x Ho,n能量是结算的依据能量是结算的依据Volume ConverterGross calorificvalueFVolume at metering conditionsDIN EN ISO 9001:1994气态方程气态方程理想气体理想气体 Perfect gas* absolutes valuesP abs. = P gauge + P

35、atm.T= TC +273ttanCons*TV*P DIN EN ISO 9001:1994真实气体真实气体 Real Gaswith Z = coefficient ofcompressibility压缩系数压缩系数ttanConsTZVP 气态方程气态方程DIN EN ISO 9001:1994only one formula: where: . Vm = 计量体积 measured volume. Pm = 实际压力 pressure at metering conditions. Tm = 实际温度 temperature at metering conditions. Zm =

36、实际压缩系数 compressibility at metering conditions . Vbase = 标态体积 volume at base condition. Pbase = 标准压力 reference pressure (1.01325 bar) . Tbase = 标准温度 reference temperature (273.15 K). Zbase = 标准压缩系数 reference compressibility factor mmmmbasebasebasebaseTZVPTZVP 气态方程气态方程DIN EN ISO 9001:1994or other writ

37、ten:CVZZTTPPVVmmrmrrmmr 气态方程气态方程DIN EN ISO 9001:1994校正方式校正方式- 固定系数固定系数- 温度校正温度校正- 温度，压力校正温度，压力校正- 温度，压力和压缩系数校正温度，压力和压缩系数校正DIN EN ISO 9001:1994固定系数法固定系数法 Calculation with a fixed coefficientP, T and Z are considered as fixed (an uncertainty is accepted)The following formula is applied: Vr = k VmDIN E

38、N ISO 9001:1994固定系数法应用固定系数法应用不确定性在可接受范围内:家用计量 domestic metering小流量 low consumption年用量5百万千瓦时less than 5 M kwh/year (GDF)DIN EN ISO 9001:1994固定系数法的不确定性固定系数法的不确定性?温度变化温度变化 uncertainty on temperatureldT/Tmlif the temperature change is 9 degreel9/300 = 3 %压力变化压力变化 uncertainty on pressureldP/Pmlif the pre

39、ssure change is 20 mbar by low pressure meteringl20/1033 = 2 %DIN EN ISO 9001:1994温度自动校正温度自动校正Automatic conversion in temperature温度连续测量温度连续测量gas temperature continuously measured Vr = PmPrTrTmVmZrZm温度平均值DIN EN ISO 9001:1994温度校正的应用温度校正的应用Temperature conversion applications压力的不确定性在可接受范围内：When the unce

40、rtainty on pressure is acceptedcommercial meteringmetering between 5 and 24 M kwh/year ( GDF)DIN EN ISO 9001:1994自动温度压力校正自动温度压力校正Automatic pressure andtemperature conversion 温度压力连续测量温度压力连续测量gas pressure and temperature continuously measured Vr = PmPrVmZrZm TrTm实际平均值DIN EN ISO 9001:1994压缩系数的不确定性在可接受范

41、围内when the uncertainty on Z is acceptedusually when pressure 4 bar gaugeindustrial meteringmetering greater than 24 M kwh/year (GDF)自动温度压力校正的应用自动温度压力校正的应用Automatic pressureand temperature conversion DIN EN ISO 9001:1994自动温度压力和压缩系数校正自动温度压力和压缩系数校正Automatic pressure, temperature and compressibility conversion 温度压力连续测量温度压力连续测量计算压缩系数 计算值实际平均值 Vr = PmPrVmZrZm TrTmDIN EN ISO 9001:1994压缩系数的变化压缩系数的变化Variation of ZZNitrogenMethanetemperature (Kelvin)pressure (bar)35025010,7100DIN EN ISO 9001:1994Z/Zo曲线曲线0,750,80,850,90,951135102050Pressure in barZ/Zo-200204060temperature CDIN EN ISO 9001:1994压缩系数的常用