第二章四级翻译(1)

1、英语应用文写作课英语应用文写作课程程 自自20132013年年1212月起，大学英语四六级的翻译由原单句汉月起，大学英语四六级的翻译由原单句汉译英调整为段落汉译英。翻译内容涉及中国的译英调整为段落汉译英。翻译内容涉及中国的历史、文历史、文化、经济、社会发展化、经济、社会发展等。等。四级四级翻译段落长度为翻译段落长度为140-160140-160个个汉字汉字，六级六级翻译段落长度为翻译段落长度为180200180200个汉字个汉字。 翻译所占分值比例由原来的翻译所占分值比例由原来的5%5%调整为调整为15%15%, ,考试考试时长时长由原来的由原来的5 5分钟调整为分钟调整为3030分钟分钟。以

2、前的六级考试大纲中并。以前的六级考试大纲中并未将翻译作为一项独立的技能进行考核，翻译部分主要未将翻译作为一项独立的技能进行考核，翻译部分主要考核学生运用正确的词汇和语法结构的能力。而现在由考核学生运用正确的词汇和语法结构的能力。而现在由单句汉译英改为段落汉译英，显然提高了对翻译能力的单句汉译英改为段落汉译英，显然提高了对翻译能力的要求，从对要求，从对“点点”的考查转变为对的考查转变为对“面面”的考查，这不的考查，这不仅要求考生有良好的词汇和语法基础，也要求考生能够仅要求考生有良好的词汇和语法基础，也要求考生能够合理拆分、组合段落信息，最终按照英语的惯用思维翻合理拆分、组合段落信息，最终按照英语

3、的惯用思维翻译出整个段落，对很少练习翻译的考生来说这道题很可译出整个段落，对很少练习翻译的考生来说这道题很可 能成为失分的地方。能成为失分的地方。 能在阅读难度与课文相仿的书面材料时做笔记，回答问题，写提纲和摘要，能就一定的话题，提纲，表格或图示在半小时内写出不少于120词的短文，能写日常应用文（信函，简历），内容完整，条理清晰，文理通顺。 共1题，考试时间30分钟。要求考生写出一篇120-180词的短文，试卷上可能给出题目，或规定情景，或要求看图作文，或给出段首句要求续写；或给出关键词要求写成短文。要求能够正确表达思想，意义连贯，无重大语法错误。写作的内容包括日常生活和一般常识。短文写作部分

4、的目的是测试学生运用英语书面表达思想的初步能力。 能在阅读难度与课文相仿的书面材料时做笔记，回答问题，写提纲和摘要，能就一定的话题，提纲，表格或图示在半小时内写出不少于180词的短文，能写日常应用文（信函，简历），内容完整，条理清晰，文理通顺。 共1题，考试时间30分钟。要求考生写出一篇180-200词的短文，试卷上可能给出题目，或规定情景，或要求看图作文，或给出段首句要求续写；或给出关键词要求写成短文。要求能够正确表达思想，意义连贯，无重大语法错误。写作的内容包括日常生活和一般常识。短文写作部分的目的是测试学生运用英语书面表达思想的初步能力。 主要测试学生能否把汉语意思转用英语翻译出来。 形

5、式：段落分值：15分钟比例：15%长度：140-160字内容：中国的历史、文化、经济、社会发展等（1）词汇：政治、经济、教育、文化 、历史、科技等（2）常识：百科常识（3）句子结构（简单句+复合句+比较句+状语从句+强调句+倒装句）（4）翻译技巧基本句型一基本句型一 Subject(Subject(主语主语) ) Verb(Verb(谓语谓语) ) 基本句型二基本句型二 Subject(Subject(主语主语) ) Link.V(Link.V(系动词系动词) ) Predicate(Predicate(表语表语) ) 基本句型三基本句型三 Subject(Subject(主语主语) ) Ve

6、rb(Verb(谓语谓语) ) Object(Object(宾语宾语) ) 基本句型四基本句型四 Subject(Subject(主语主语) )Verb(Verb(谓语谓语) ) Indirect object(Indirect object(间间接宾语接宾语) )Direct object (Direct object (直接宾语直接宾语) ) 基本句型五基本句型五 Subject(Subject(主语主语) )Verb (Verb (动词动词) )Object (Object (宾语宾语) )Complement(Complement(补语补语) )基本句型六基本句型六 There be

7、There be 句式句式（1）七八千年前的新石器时代，黄河流域的居民开始制作陶器。At the New Stone Age seven or eight thousand years ago, the inhabitants of the Yellow River Basin began to make pottery/porcelain/chinaware.（2）在明清两代，瓷器生产达到顶峰。在这两个时期，几乎整个瓷器业都集中在江南景德镇。Chinaware reached the peak of excellence in Ming and Qing Dynasties, during

8、which almost the whole/entire china manufacture/industry was concentrated in Jinde Town, Jiangxi Province.（3）明朝，瓷器被大量运往中东和近东地区。In Ming Dynasty, porcelain was shipped to Middle East and Near East.（4）在清末，政局动荡不可避免地对艺术造成影响，所以中国瓷器的质量开始下降。In Qing Dynasty, the unstable political scene unavoidably affected

9、the arts, which brought a decline on the quality of porcelain.（5）但是现在，随着中国文化在国外越来越受到认可，瓷器生产得到复兴。However, at present, the porcelain manufacture is rebounding for Chinese culture is gaining more and more recognition abroad.（1）京剧是中国式戏剧一种，兴起于19世纪中期，到清朝达到鼎盛时期。Peking opera is a kind of Chinese opera, whic

10、h arose in mid-19 century and reached its great prosperity in the Qing Dynasty.（2）它被看成是中国艺术的瑰宝。It has been regarded as the treasure of Chinese arts.（3）独树一帜的京剧根植于博大精深的中华艺术。The unique artistic values of Peking Opera has been rooted deeply in broad and profound Chinese culture.（4）但是现在京剧不受到大家喜爱，噬需抢救、保护、

11、继承。However, Peking opera has lost its popularity among the public and need to be rescued, protected and inherited.（5）当前的关键在于增强民族文化的自觉意识，建立民族文化自信，开掘京剧文化的现代价值，为优化人类文明提高精神粮食。Nowadays, the key point is to strengthen the sense of awareness of our national culture, establish the confidence of national cul

12、ture, explore the modern value of Peking opera to optimize human civilization and enhance soul food for our human beings.（1）中国是龙狮运动的发源地。China is the home of Dragon Dance and Lion Dance.（2）舞龙舞狮一直深受各族人民的喜爱。,which have been welcome by all ethnic groups.（3）它们长盛不衰，并由此形成灿烂的龙狮文化。They have thrived for gener

13、ations and formed a glorious dragon and lion culture.（4）长期以来，很多年青朋友都以为舞龙、舞狮就是春节、庙会、庆典时的喜庆表演，殊不知它经历了几千年的传承演变，积淀了深厚的历史文化，是祖先留给我们的及其宝贵的文化遗产。Many young people know that the dragon or lion dance performed during festivals such as Spring Festival, Temple Fairs and celebrations.But they do not know that af

14、ter several thousand years the two activities have accumulated thick historical cultures and are extremely valuable cultural heritages handed down from our ancestors.【翻译原文】 泥塑（clay sculpture)艺术是中华民间艺术的一种。民间艺人用天然的或廉价的材料，能够做出精美小巧的工艺品，博得民众的喜爱。虽然泥塑并非以科技含量而论，但是它确实在人们生活中增加新的亮点。在高科技迅猛发展的今天，这种艺术形式是人们追求返璞归真的

15、具体写照，同时也是当今人们追求时尚、个性的一种体现。 Clay sculpture art is a kind of Chinese folk art. The folk Clay sculpture art is a kind of Chinese folk art. The folk artisans/ handicraftsmen use natural or cheap materials but artisans/ handicraftsmen use natural or cheap materials but can make small and exquisite artifa

16、cts, gaining popularity with can make small and exquisite artifacts, gaining popularity with common people. Though clay sculptures are not common people. Though clay sculptures are not technologically evolved, they bring highlights to peoples technologically evolved, they bring highlights to peoples

17、 lives. Today, with high technology developing rapidly, lives. Today, with high technology developing rapidly, reflection upon this art form allows people to return to an reflection upon this art form allows people to return to an original simplicity and allows for a manifestation of fashion origina

18、l simplicity and allows for a manifestation of fashion and individuality.and individuality.【翻译原文】 造纸术是中国四大发明之一。在造纸术发明之前，中国人把字刻在或写在一些用起来非常笨重或昂贵的东西上，比如龟甲和绢帛上。直到东汉时期，名叫蔡伦的官员发明了既适用于书写有非常便宜的纸张。之后，造纸术经由丝绸之路向东亚、西亚以及世界其他地区传播。纸的发明极大方便了信息的储存和交流，对于推动世界文明的发展具有重大的意义。 Papermaking is one of the four greatest inven

19、tions in ancient Papermaking is one of the four greatest inventions in ancient China. Before papermaking technology was invented, the China. Before papermaking technology was invented, the Chinese carved or wrote characters on something heavy to use Chinese carved or wrote characters on something he

20、avy to use or expensive, such as tortoise shells and silk. Till Eastern Han or expensive, such as tortoise shells and silk. Till Eastern Han Dynasty, an official named Dynasty, an official named CaiCai LunLun created paper, which was created paper, which was suitable for writing and also cheap. Late

21、r, the papermaking suitable for writing and also cheap. Later, the papermaking technique was spread to West and East Asia as well as other technique was spread to West and East Asia as well as other parts of the world via Silk Road. The invention of paper parts of the world via Silk Road. The invent

22、ion of paper provides a convenient way for the storage and communication provides a convenient way for the storage and communication of information, and also has an epoch-making significance on of information, and also has an epoch-making significance on the promotion of the development of global ci

23、vilization.the promotion of the development of global civilization.【翻译原文】 扇子在中国有三四千的悠久历史。一开始，扇子并不是用于降温，而是用于为外出的帝王遮阳和挡沙。经过几千年的发展，扇子有几百种，比如常见的折扇、羽毛扇、绢扇等。在历史上，中国生产的扇子被卖到日本、欧洲和美国，在这些地方中国扇子对当地扇子生产和宫廷典礼产生了一定的影响。Fans enjoy a long history of about 3 to 4 thousand years in Fans enjoy a long history of about

24、3 to 4 thousand years in China. Fans, originally, were not used for cool, but for China. Fans, originally, were not used for cool, but for sheltering from the sun and keeping off sands for emperors sheltering from the sun and keeping off sands for emperors during their outgoing inspections. After se

25、veral thousand years during their outgoing inspections. After several thousand years of development, fans were developed into several hundred of development, fans were developed into several hundred types, like familiar ones as folding fans, feather fans and silk types, like familiar ones as folding

26、 fans, feather fans and silk fans, etc. In the history, fans made in China were sold to Japan fans, etc. In the history, fans made in China were sold to Japan and European and American countries, where Chinese fans and European and American countries, where Chinese fans exerted certain influences on

27、 local fan-production and palace exerted certain influences on local fan-production and palace rites.rites.（1 1）和平和稳定是发展的前提和基础。）和平和稳定是发展的前提和基础。 Peace and stability form/is the prerequisite and foundation for Peace and stability form/is the prerequisite and foundation for development.development.(2)(

28、2)上个世纪，人类经历了两次世界大战，人类苦不堪言，经济上个世纪，人类经历了两次世界大战，人类苦不堪言，经济社会发展遭受严重挫折。社会发展遭受严重挫折。The two world wars in the last century caused mankind untold The two world wars in the last century caused mankind untold sufferings and economic and social development severe setbacks.sufferings and economic and social deve

29、lopment severe setbacks.(3)(3)第二次世界大战结束以来，世界经济能够快速增长，主要得第二次世界大战结束以来，世界经济能够快速增长，主要得益于相对和平稳定的国际环境。益于相对和平稳定的国际环境。It is mainly due to the relatively peaceful and stable internaional It is mainly due to the relatively peaceful and stable internaional environment that the world economy has been able to gr

30、ow at a environment that the world economy has been able to grow at a fast pace in the post-war era.fast pace in the post-war era.（4 4）我们应该恪守联合国宪章宗旨和原则，充分发挥联）我们应该恪守联合国宪章宗旨和原则，充分发挥联合国及其安理会在维持和平、缔造和平、建设和平方面的合国及其安理会在维持和平、缔造和平、建设和平方面的核心作用。核心作用。 We should abide by the purposes and principles of the We sh

31、ould abide by the purposes and principles of the UN Charter and bring into full play the central role of the UN Charter and bring into full play the central role of the United Nations and its Security Council in peace-keeping, United Nations and its Security Council in peace-keeping, peace-making an

32、d peace-building.peace-making and peace-building.(5)(5)坚持通过对话和协商，以和平方式解决国际争端。坚持通过对话和协商，以和平方式解决国际争端。We should seek peaceful settlement of international We should seek peaceful settlement of international disputes through dialogue and consultation.disputes through dialogue and consultation.（1 1）在使自己和他

33、人快乐这方面，很多人都过高地估计金钱的）在使自己和他人快乐这方面，很多人都过高地估计金钱的重要性。重要性。 A vast array of individuals seriously overrate the importance of A vast array of individuals seriously overrate the importance of money in making themselves and others happy.money in making themselves and others happy.(2)(2)但实际上，你并不需要成为百万富翁才会感到幸福

34、快乐。但实际上，你并不需要成为百万富翁才会感到幸福快乐。But actually, you dont need millions to be happy.But actually, you dont need millions to be happy.(3)(3)专家们认为，大约只有专家们认为，大约只有15%15%的幸福感来自于收入、财产和其的幸福感来自于收入、财产和其他的经济因素，而他的经济因素，而90%90%则来自于态度、支配生活的能力和人际则来自于态度、支配生活的能力和人际关系等。关系等。Experts say only about 15 percent of happiness com

35、es from Experts say only about 15 percent of happiness comes from income, assets and other financial factors, while as much as 90 income, assets and other financial factors, while as much as 90 percent comes from elements such as attitude, life control and percent comes from elements such as attitud

36、e, life control and relationships.relationships.（4 4）研究表明，一旦基本需求得到满足，额外的财富并）研究表明，一旦基本需求得到满足，额外的财富并不能增添多少幸福。不能增添多少幸福。 Studies show that once the basic needs are met, Studies show that once the basic needs are met, additional wealth adds very little to happiness.additional wealth adds very little to h

37、appiness.（1）家庭是社会的）家庭是社会的“基本细胞基本细胞”，也是对人类社会产生重要影响的，也是对人类社会产生重要影响的个体单位。个体单位。 Family is the “basic cell” of a society and is also an individual unit that could have an important impact on human society.(2)上世纪上世纪80年代以来，全世界家庭数目急剧增加，家庭规模日趋缩年代以来，全世界家庭数目急剧增加，家庭规模日趋缩小，离婚率普遍上升，人口老龄化问题日益严重，人们的家庭观念小，离婚率普遍上升，人口

38、老龄化问题日益严重，人们的家庭观念也在发生变化。也在发生变化。Since 1980s, the number of families across the whole world has been increasing dramatically, the family scale has been downsizing gradually, the divorce rate has been ascending generally, the aging of the population has become increasingly serious and peoples family va

39、lues have been undergoing changes.(3)家庭所发生的深刻变化给社会发展带来巨大冲击，需要家庭所发生的深刻变化给社会发展带来巨大冲击，需要国际社会更多关注。国际社会更多关注。The profound changes happening in families have weighed heavily on the development of our society, which needs great attention from international community.（1 1）龙的文化存在于东西方世界中。但是龙在中国和在）龙的文化存在于东西方世界中

40、。但是龙在中国和在西方文化中的名声不同。西方文化中的名声不同。 Dragon culture exists on both the Easton world and the Dragon culture exists on both the Easton world and the Western world. However, dragons have different Western world. However, dragons have different reputation in Western culture and in Chinese culture.reputation

41、in Western culture and in Chinese culture.(2)(2)他们通常长有翅膀，口能喷火。他们通常长有翅膀，口能喷火。They usually have wings and can send out fire from They usually have wings and can send out fire from mouths.mouths.(3)(3)龙深深根植于中国文化中，所以中国人经常视自己为龙深深根植于中国文化中，所以中国人经常视自己为“龙的传人龙的传人”。Dragons are deeply rooted in Chinese culture,

42、 so the Dragons are deeply rooted in Chinese culture, so the Chinese often consider themselves as “the descendants of Chinese often consider themselves as “the descendants of the gragon”.the gragon”.(4)(4)在中国文化中，龙大度、聪慧。在中国文化中，龙大度、聪慧。 In Chinese culture, dragons are generous and wise.In Chinese cultu

43、re, dragons are generous and wise.(5)(5)它们与古代皇室密切联系。它们与古代皇室密切联系。They are closely connected with the ancient royal family.They are closely connected with the ancient royal family.(6)(6)根据民间信仰，如果你在龙年出生，你会成为一名睿根据民间信仰，如果你在龙年出生，你会成为一名睿智、勇敢的领导者。智、勇敢的领导者。According to the popular belief, if you are born in

44、the According to the popular belief, if you are born in the year of gragon, you will be an intelligent and brave leader.year of gragon, you will be an intelligent and brave leader.（1 1）中国和其他国家之间的一些文化差异无关紧要，也）中国和其他国家之间的一些文化差异无关紧要，也无害处。无害处。 Some cultural differences between China and other Some cultur

45、al differences between China and other cuntries are trivial and harmless.cuntries are trivial and harmless.(2)(2)他们不会给相关人员带来很多麻烦。他们不会给相关人员带来很多麻烦。They would not bring much trouble to people involved,They would not bring much trouble to people involved,(3)(3)但是在一些情况下，缺少文化敏感性会很令人不快。但是在一些情况下，缺少文化敏感性会很令人

46、不快。，but in some cases, such lack of cultural sensitivity could but in some cases, such lack of cultural sensitivity could be annoying.be annoying.(4)(4)例如，对西方来说，隐私非常重要。例如，对西方来说，隐私非常重要。For Western people, for example, privacy is important.For Western people, for example, privacy is important.(5)(5)人们

47、通常不会问彼此的婚姻状况。人们通常不会问彼此的婚姻状况。 People generally do not ask each other about their People generally do not ask each other about their marriage status or salary level.marriage status or salary level.(6)(6)但是对很多中国人来说，他们还没有培养起像西方人但是对很多中国人来说，他们还没有培养起像西方人那样的隐私感。那样的隐私感。But for many Chinese, they are yet to d

48、evelop a sense of But for many Chinese, they are yet to develop a sense of privacy in Western sense.privacy in Western sense.(7)(7)因此，一些中国人在问外国朋友能挣多少钱时会显得因此，一些中国人在问外国朋友能挣多少钱时会显得十分无礼。十分无礼。Therefore, some Chinese may be seen as being rude when Therefore, some Chinese may be seen as being rude when the

49、y ask their Western friends about how much they earn.they ask their Western friends about how much they earn.（1 1）中国和其他国家之间的一些文化差异无关紧要，也）中国和其他国家之间的一些文化差异无关紧要，也无害处。无害处。 Some cultural differences between China and other Some cultural differences between China and other cuntries are trivial and harmles

50、s.cuntries are trivial and harmless.(2)(2)他们不会给相关人员带来很多麻烦。他们不会给相关人员带来很多麻烦。They would not bring much trouble to people involved,They would not bring much trouble to people involved,(3)(3)但是在一些情况下，缺少文化敏感性会很令人不快。但是在一些情况下，缺少文化敏感性会很令人不快。，but in some cases, such lack of cultural sensitivity could but in s

51、ome cases, such lack of cultural sensitivity could be annoying.be annoying.(4)(4)例如，对西方来说，隐私非常重要。例如，对西方来说，隐私非常重要。For Western people, for example, privacy is important.For Western people, for example, privacy is important.(5)(5)人们通常不会问彼此的婚姻状况。人们通常不会问彼此的婚姻状况。 People generally do not ask each other abo

52、ut their People generally do not ask each other about their marriage status or salary level.marriage status or salary level.(6)(6)但是对很多中国人来说，他们还没有培养起像西方人但是对很多中国人来说，他们还没有培养起像西方人那样的隐私感。那样的隐私感。But for many Chinese, they are yet to develop a sense of But for many Chinese, they are yet to develop a sense

53、 of privacy in Western sense.privacy in Western sense.(7)(7)因此，一些中国人在问外国朋友能挣多少钱时会显得因此，一些中国人在问外国朋友能挣多少钱时会显得十分无礼。十分无礼。Therefore, some Chinese may be seen as being rude when Therefore, some Chinese may be seen as being rude when they ask their Western friends about how much they earn.they ask their Wes

54、tern friends about how much they earn.（1 1）豆腐）豆腐, ,由大豆制成，是享誉世界的中国传统美食。由大豆制成，是享誉世界的中国传统美食。 Tofu, made of soybean, is a Chinese traditional food.Tofu, made of soybean, is a Chinese traditional food.(2)(2)据说豆腐起源于西汉时期。据说豆腐起源于西汉时期。Tofu is said to originate in the Western Han Dynasty.Tofu is said to origi

55、nate in the Western Han Dynasty.(3)(3)由于制作简单、价格低廉，豆腐很快成为人们喜爱的由于制作简单、价格低廉，豆腐很快成为人们喜爱的佳肴。佳肴。Simple in production and cheap in cost, tofu soon become Simple in production and cheap in cost, tofu soon become peoples favorite delicacy.peoples favorite delicacy.(4)(4)宋明时代后，豆腐文化传播更为广泛。宋明时代后，豆腐文化传播更为广泛。Afte

56、r the Song and Ming Dynasties, the culture of tofu After the Song and Ming Dynasties, the culture of tofu spread even more widely.spread even more widely.(5)(5)如今，豆腐和其衍生产品对中国人来说是一种普遍的如今，豆腐和其衍生产品对中国人来说是一种普遍的食品，它还走出国门，在全世界都受到欢迎。食品，它还走出国门，在全世界都受到欢迎。 Today, tofu Today, tofu with its derivative products

57、has become a with its derivative products has become a common food for Chinese people, and it has gone abroad common food for Chinese people, and it has gone abroad and become popular in the worldand become popular in the world. .(6)(6)豆腐豆腐-中国传统食品中国传统食品-由于高蛋白、低热量，而被普由于高蛋白、低热量，而被普遍认为是理想食品。遍认为是理想食品。To

58、fu-the traditional Chinese food, has been universally Tofu-the traditional Chinese food, has been universally acknoledged as an ideal food for its high protein and low acknoledged as an ideal food for its high protein and low heat.heat.（1 1）中国人就坐的方式是餐桌礼仪的一个有趣部分。）中国人就坐的方式是餐桌礼仪的一个有趣部分。 The way Chinese

59、 people get seated is an interesting part The way Chinese people get seated is an interesting part of the table manners.of the table manners.(2)(2)你可能会感到奇怪，在中国文化中，一个典型的座位你可能会感到奇怪，在中国文化中，一个典型的座位安排其实就是礼仪的象征。安排其实就是礼仪的象征。It might surprise you that a typical seating arrangement is It might surprise you t

60、hat a typical seating arrangement is a sign of etiquettes in Chinese culture.a sign of etiquettes in Chinese culture.(3)(3)因此，为了安全起见，应该把餐桌上最好的座位留给因此，为了安全起见，应该把餐桌上最好的座位留给长辈。长辈。Therefore, it is ensured to leave the best place on the Therefore, it is ensured to leave the best place on the dinning table