英语专业论文(外贸单证的研究与分析)定稿

1、湖北汽车工业学院毕业设计（论文） 俊升制罐有限公司罐子的出口单证设计分析研究学生姓名 指导教师 二级学院 外语系 专业名称 英 语班级 学号 提交日期 2011年5月15日 答辩日期 2011年6月9日 2011年5 月15 日Analysis of Export Documentation in JunSheng Tin Box Manufacturing Co., Ltd.byRegistered No. 20070930209Department of Foreign LanguagesMay, 2011Contents1. Introduction12. The Background

2、of Tin Box Industry Area23. Analysis of the Main Types of Documents in Foreign Trade33.1The Main Documents3 A Document of Production Cost344A Transport Document53.2 Requirements of Documentation55 Punctually563.3 Summary of the Main Documents64. The Main Steps of Doing Foreign Trade75. Conclusion10R

3、eference12Acknowledgements13Analysis of Export Documentation inJunSheng Tin Box Manufacturing Co., LtdAbstract: With the development of economy and ever since Chinas entrance into the WTO, Chinas foreign trade has been on an increase. We need to learn all kinds of documents in foreign trade, for the

4、 simple reason that documents play an important part in foreign trade, acting as a tool of mutual communication, and may exert great influence on the success of foreign trade. This paper is based on my internship in Junsheng Company. After the introduction of the simple information about the company

5、 I work in，this paper introduces the main documents in foreign trade with focuses on, documents of cost analysis, documents of quotation. These two documents are most most-commonly used in our company. Then the paper introduces the procedures and formalities in foreign trade. Based on a case as an e

6、xample, this paper analyses the good points and shortage of these documents. The main steps of doing foreign trade are introduced and the gains and losses of doing business are summarized.Key words: foreign documents, processes of making, way of payment, analysis俊升制罐有限公司罐子的出口单证设计分析研究摘 要: 随着经济的发展和中国加

7、入WTO，中国的对外贸易处于一个发展上升的阶段。我们需要掌握外贸所需的各种单证。因为有时候这些单证往往决定了交易的成功与否。本文以在俊升制罐有限公司实践为基础，首先介绍了外贸单证类型，着重介绍了成本分析单和报价单。这是我们公司得到订单之前必须做的两个单证。然后介绍外贸流程与规范。并且在此基础上来分析这些单证。比如成本分析单，报价单。同时了解该行业在出口所使用的支付方式，最后结合总结自己在具体业务中的得失。关键词：出口单证；制作流程；支付方式；分析1. Introduction With the development of economy, and with Chinas entrance i

8、nto the WTO and the development of foreign trade, China has a more close relationship with other countries; we do business with each other. But there are also many actual constraints. So the main way of doing business with foreign countries is E-mail. We need to learn all kinds of documents in forei

9、gn trade, that is to say, documents play an important part in foreign trade, acting as a tool of mutual communication and may exert great influence on the success of foreign trade.This paper is about how to make foreign export document that is based on working in a real company. It is connected with

10、 practice. I practiced in a Taiwan-funded company; my main work was to familiar myself with the process of foreign trade and doing business with foreign countries, and meanwhile I needed to maintain the relationship of some old customers and develop the relationship with some new customers. I will t

11、ake one successful case of my business as an example to show some details of my work.朗读显示对应的拉丁字符的拼音字典 My first successful customer is an Italian; he is an old customer of our company. Every year he will buy tin boxes from our company. This time our director gives this case to me. Client Inquiry: cus

12、tomer will send order inquiry to our business department before us gets the relevant order. They want to know some of the details. If the material cost and labor cost dont change compared with the last cost, we need not to make cost analysis, which will help us save time, because we need to answer o

13、ur customers email in time. Our company has a set of business system called ERP system; it is very useful in doing business.When we quote, we need to insure quantity, payment; we also need to indicate the validity of the quotation. We will export documentation from ERP system after we calculate all

14、the costs in ERP system, and then send email to customer. Customer usually will answer us in the next day if the really want to buy your products. Our director ask us send email to customer 7 days after that we sent quotation sheet to customer After discussing with Italy customer, I got the purchase

15、 Order. Then I pass the production order to factory. We are a company dealing with the produce, design and selling of the product. Thus the profit is the most. Before the mass production customer usually asks us to send them samples with the design they required, after they insure the samples, we ca

16、n start to produce the goods.If customer use30% deposit, T/T as foreign exchange collection, we must fax to customer to ask them to pay the rest 70 money after we get the bill of lading. We will pass the Original bill of lading and other documents to customer only when we confirm that we receive the

17、 rest money. If we use100 T/T to pay, we only make goods after receive all payment. (陈文培, 2006(1)：59)We must notify the customer after shipment has been shipped, and a week later we must ask customer whether they received the goods. This is a highly summarize. Chapters below will show more details.F

18、irst of all, I will give a chief introduction of my company in chapter2.2. The Background of Tin Box Industry AreaJunsheng Tin Box Company was founded in 2005. It has 5300 square meters of modern standard buildings and facilities. It is specialized in making tin box. The company has passed ISO22000

19、food safety certification and also has dust-free workshop.This companys products design, model, printing, packaging and service are one-stop service. It is in accordance with the ISO22000 international food safety system. Our products keep constantly improvement and innovation in order to provide st

20、rong assurance of products quality.Our company has all kinds of products with competitive price. The main three series products are” Irregular Shaped box, square box, round box”. Including win box, candy box, tea box, CD box, Ccigarettes box, biscuit cans, watch box and pencil box. They can be made

21、based on customers designs and process requirements at any time to produce a variety of cans. Products are sold to Europe, the United States, and Japan, Southeast of Asia, the Middle East and other countries. It has a stable network customer and resources. 3. Analysis of the Main Types of Documents

22、in Foreign TradeInternational trade involves a variety of documents, such as business documents, financial documents, transport documents, insurance documents and other documents relating to international trade. In dealing with the export shipment of goods, they can sign up to four kinds of contract

23、s: export sales contracts, transportation contracts, financial contracts, goods contracts of insurance. Therefore, we must understand the functions of various documents and its application in international trade purposes. 3.1The Main DocumentsDuring my working time, the documents we used most are a

24、document of productions cost, quotation sheet, commercial invoice, transport document. Making a document of productions cost is the first step, if the material cost and labor cost dont change compared with the last cost, we need not to make cost analysis. Then we will send quote sheet to customer. T

25、hese two steps are very important.3.1.1 A Document of Productions CostThis is a contract between the buyer and the seller to specify transaction rules, legally binding, so before signing a good idea to seek legal advice. A document of productions cost. The purposes for cost of production are in mana

26、gement decision making pertaining to cost control and to guide purchase and marketing options. This decision process involves asking and answering the questions,” what if?” and “what now?” When comparisons of performance of the present are made to total income, the market price received or offered,

27、with previous years or months, the level of risk and identification of opportunity is clarified. But, how you approach the calculation, what costs include and which ones you dont depend on the purpose you have for the information relative to the decision to be made. For example, cost of production d

28、etermination to answer the management questions.Did I make money?Am I competitive with other business like mine?Is the market offering a favorable price for my product?3.1.2 Quotation SheetQuotation is a sales offer; it should clearly specify the price, quality, details, and the volume of goods, tra

29、de terms, delivery terms, payment method, productions picture and design, unit price, packaging method. When you get an inquiry from customer, you must quote for him in order to let him know the price of your products. About the payment in quotation, if client uses L/C to pay, it is usually to confi

30、rm that L/C has received 1 month before the delivery time. Salesman and documents personal must examine letter of credit. Whether it is wrong, whether delivery date can be protected and other issues, as if there is a problem, they should immediately request guests to amend it. If clients use T/T to

31、pay a deposit, you must confirm that the client has pay subscription.About port of shipment in quotation sheet: Taking our company as an example, we usually take Shenzhen as port of shipment. Port of destination is from Shenzhen to be customer advised. There is usually a description of goods, such a

32、s total volume, food safe inspection, and total amount ，the validity of the quotation. Our tin boxs validity of quotation is one month. Because tins price and the labor cost are unstable. If these elements change, we must make a new analysis of products cost and then give customer a quotation. If th

33、ese dont change, we can use the past cost.After we know the type of documents, then we need to learn how to making these documents.3.1.3 Commercial InvoiceA commercial invoice is a document used in foreign trade. It is used as a customs declaration provided by the person or corporation that is expor

34、ting an item across international borders. Although there is no standard format, the document must include a few specific pieces of information such as the parties involved in the shipping transaction, the goods being transported, the country of manufacture, and the Harmonized system Codes for those

35、 goods. A commercial invoice must also include a statement certifying that the invoice is true, and a signature. (梅爽, 2008(4)：89)Commercial invoices are primarily used to calculate tariffs. 3.1.4 A Transport DocumentA transport document : We should fax adding information of the bill of lading to shi

36、pping company or freight forwarders within two days after the ship leave.(if we need to amend any) fax the. The added information of the bill of lading must meet guests requirements or meet L/C, and also give guest the correct number of goods and some special requirements, including ship certificate

37、 form the steamship company, etc. ()3.2 Requirements of DocumentationAfter we know the main documents, this chapter will give a brief analysis of these documents. We must pay attention to many details when we make documents. Details are the key to success. There are four main requirements of making

38、foreign trade documents. They are correctness, completeness, in time, punctuality, and conciseness. When we make document, we must obey these rules. They will help us find documents mistakes.3.2.1. CorrectnessWorking correctly is a prerequisite for all documents, documents that we make should first

39、conformity of documents, and secondly all these documents should be consistent with international trade practices, national / industry requirements of laws and regulations, thirdly documents are not different with the goods that it representative. All the data must be correct in the document. Such a

40、s unit price, quantity, port of destination, way of payment. Our company usually uses T/T payment; it is good for our company. Once one of my client mistakes the way of payment, it caused many troubles. Our client was very upset, so we lost that order. In a word, it is essential to insure all the in

41、formation that you send to the client is correct.3.2.2Completeness, PunctuallyCompleteness: It refers to integrity of all documents. We can learn from bellow aspects: firstly, integrity of Content, secondly, integrity of quantity, thirdly, integrity of categories. The contract documents / letters of

42、 credit that based on documents to transaction will clearly require which documents should be submitted, whether the copy of the document and endorsement are needed, all of these must be met.（ ）In time；punctuality: It refers to making documents without delay. We can understand it like this: making d

43、ocuments in time、examination of documents timely, offering documents to customer timely, getting payment timely. Production of documents is a complex project, the majority of the documents completed by the exporter, and some need to be completed with relevant departments help. We must pay more atten

44、tion to examination，thus can ensure deliver all qualified documents to some certain departments within a specified time. Timely delivery means that we can receipt of exchange earnings in time .The timely receipt of exchange earnings means a healthy start of the business. ()3.2.3ConcisenessIt refers

45、to the produced documents are simple and clear. UCP500 states that in order to prevent confusion and misunderstanding, banks should discourage any changes in the credit or raise too many details of the book, the experts also pointed out that the documents should not appear in the document itself has

46、 nothing to do with the content. The documents should simple but clear, it must contain every essential point, and the unnecessary points should be omission. ()3.3 Summary of the Main DocumentsAmong all of these above documents that we use most frequently are documents of cost, quote sheet during th

47、e time I worked in Junsheng Company. Each of them has its function, so we need to learn and understand all of them, thus can help us when we do business with our customers. Meanwhile, there are many ways of payment. The main terms of payment in international trade are: remittance、collection、Letter o

48、f Credit、T/T.Large amount transaction mainly uses letters of credit; small business uses collection and remittance. As an important part of international settlement, the payment of foreign trade usually uses bill of exchange through bank. Documentary draft is used most frequent in foreign trade. Acc

49、ording to the time of payment, bill of exchange can be divided into a sight draft and time draft. (陈文培, 2006(1)：80)4. The Main Steps of Doing Foreign TradeStep1-Customer enquiry: There will be relevant order inquiry for the business in order to know some details before customer give purchase order,S

50、tep2-Quotation: business department should do a timely response to our guests of their query, to determine the name of the goods, type, quantity , delivery time and ways of payment, or packing specifications, port（airport）. When we doing business with customer, we use the Performa invoice or sales c

51、ontract or offer sheet to give our customer a formal offer.Step3-Get orders: we receive the former Purchase Order through negotiation. You should pass the order to factory (factory arrange its own production plans) when get the confirmed order, and arrange manufacturing plan. When business departmen

52、t receives the order, at first, they make an approval table. The table must be filled according to the project of export contract approval form, all expenses will be shown as complete as possible. It need enclosed with copies of the order and the purchase contract when approve the contract. Before e

53、xecution audit must be signed by salesman, approved by department manager and management personnel. If the amount of money is big or there are advanced term and the commission term, it needs general manager for approval. The contract must made into a work duty list after approval and deliver it to t

54、he salesman.Step4- Business examine and approve ：Business department receives the order, at first, they make an approval table. The table must be filled according to the project of export contract approval form, all expenses will be shown as complete as possible. It need enclosed with copies of the

55、order and the purchase contract when approve the contract. Before execution audit must be signed by salesman, approved by department manager and management personnel. If the amount of money is big or there are advanced term and the commission term, it needs general manager for approval. The contract

56、 must made into a work duty list after approval and deliver it to the salesman.Step5-Inspection: If it is the statutory national product，we should inform requirements of inspection and offer export contracts ,invoice, packing list when give order to factory. Also need to tell factory export port. It

57、 is convenient for the factorys inspection. We should get inspection document a week before delivery.Chartering ship and booking positions: Usually the guests will specify the transportation agency or shipping company if guest signs FOB CHINA CONTRACT. We should contact with forwarder as soon as pos

58、sible to confirm Shipping intention，where the goods will export from，and also confirm whether delivery time of the factory can earlier at least one week than previous schedules, whether shipment can reach the required delivery time by guest. We should give written notice of set warehouse to shipping company 7days before, and then we can get the warehouse receipt five days before sailing(薛刚, 赖新峰2009(1)：45)If the seller pays the freight, we must consult the shipper or the steamship company of del