高考语法填空考查词项

1、高考语法填空考查词项（一）广东省梅州巿五华县安流镇安流中学黄海红语法填空是从语法角度对短文进行适当的分散挖空，考查方式分为自由填空类及提示性填空类。其目的是考查学生理解语篇的能力、分析句子结构的能力及熟练运用语法的能力。自2007年广东高中实施新课程标准之后，进行高考改革增设语法填空以来，我省考生对这一题型已不再陌生。然而，有的考生经过三年时间对这一题型进行反复练习、并在掌握了一定的解题技巧下进行一系列的强化训练后，从他们在高考中对这一题型的解题情况来看，依然存在着很多不足，结果仍不令人满意。究其原因，考生由于不明确考点，不清楚必考语法词项是造成失分的重要原因之一。在解答语法填空题时，考生只有

2、明确考点，熟悉高考语法填空必考语法词项，解题时才能做到有的放矢。1. 考查介词介词包括表时间、方位、方式的介词on，in，at，with，by，through等。（1）考查与on搭配的介词短语：如题：Jane stopped where a small crowd of men had gathered. She found some good quality pipes37sale（2009年高考）. on sale“在出售中”；I didnt want to be laughed at for talking to him but I didnt like leaving him 23 h

3、is own either（2011年高考）. on ones own 意为“独自地”。（2）考查介词with表伴随的用法：The young man went home 35 a happy heart（2010年高考）. with a happy heart在句中作伴随状语，句意为“年轻人满心欢喜地回去了”；（3）考查介词at: When Jane got home, with her small but well-chosen present in her bag, her parents were already 39 table having supper（2009年高考）. at

4、table“在用餐” 。2. 考查连词连词包括表转折but，while、并列and，or、因果because，so等连词。（1） 考查连词but：He was very tired after doing this for a whole day, 37 he felt very happy since the crop did “grow” higher（2008年高考）. 句意为“这样干了一天后，他非常累，但他感到非常高兴，因为庄稼确实“长得”更高了。”；（2）考查连词until: My friends walked me to the bus stop and waited with m

5、e 17 the bus arrived（2011年高考）. 连词until引导时间状语从句。3. 考查副词副词包括形容词转化成副词时的一般情况及特殊情况，如warmwarmly，truetruly；“le”结尾e改y 如：possiblepossibly，probableprobably等。近几年来，对于副词的考查均是由原题括号内的形容词转化而来的。（1）考查形容词后加ly或改y为i再加ly转化成副词2011年高考考查了副词mentally，如题所示：He must be 20 (mental) disabled. 副词mentally用来修饰其后的形容词disabled，mentally

6、disabled意为“弱智”。2010年考查了副词warmly，如题：His teacher took a deep drink, smiled 34 (warm), and thanked his student very much for the sweet water.；warmly用来修饰其前的动词smiled；2007年高考考查了副词merrily，如题：We drank together and talked 38 (merry) till far into the night. merrily用来修饰其前的动词talked。（2）考查副词的比较级2011年高考还考查了副词late

7、的比较级later，如题所示：I left it early because I had an appointment 16 (late) that day. late为副词“迟，晚”根据句子，“我早点离开了（那场音乐会）是因为那天的晚些时候我有个约会。”，故用其比较级later。4. 考查形容词形容词“比较级”是高考常考内容。如2010、2008年高考均考查了形容词的比较级。2010年高考考查了形容词sweet的比较级sweeter，如题所示：The teacher replied,” You tasted the water. I tasted the gift. The water wa

8、s simply the container for an act of kindness and love. Nothing could be 39 (sweet).”否定词nothing与形容词比较级sweeter构成最高级意义，句意为“没有什么比它更甜的了。”；再如2008年高考考查了形容词比较级higher，如题：He was very tired after doing this for a whole day, but he felt very happy since the crop did “grow” 38 (high). 庄稼确实“长得”更高了。另外考生需注意词性转化，像过

9、去分词用作为形容词，如experienced editors 中的experienced（有经验的）；或是由名词转化为形容词，如名词detail转化成形容词detailed（详细的）等。5. 考查代词代词的种类繁多，包括人称代词、物主代词、疑问代词、反身代词和指示代词等，其中近年来对指示代词it 在句中指代事物、不定式或从句的用法较常见。（1）考查了it指代事物的用法：如：He asked his teacher,” Sir, the water was awful. Why did you pretend to like 38 ?”（2010高考），用it来指代前面提到的the water；

10、It is said that a short tempered man in Song Dynasty was very anxious to help his rice crop grow up quickly. He was thinking about 34 day and night.（2008高考）it在此指代“help his rice crop grow up quickly”。it指代不定式的用法：如2009高考：She remembered how difficult 31 was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her

11、 father.it在此指代“to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father” 。（3）考查其他代词：2011年高考考查了人称代词he及不定代词all：如题所示：but after some minutes 22 walked away and sat near me, looking annoyed. he在句中指代文中的“a man”； Im glad I made a choice. It made 25 of us feel good. all of us在句中指代“我们两人”。6. 考查冠词考生应非常清楚冠词a，an，the

12、的异同。冠词a，an都表示泛指，用于第一次提及的人或事物， 或表示一类人或物前，表示“一个，一件”。它们的区别在于：a用于辅音开头的单词前，an用于元音开头的单词前。the是特指，用于表示世界上独一无二的事物的单词前，或是第二次提到的人或物前，或是用于专有名词前，或是用于一些固定搭配中等。对冠词的考查方面，近年来高考对冠词a基本用法的考查非常频繁。（1） 考查冠词a 表示泛指的用法。如2009年高考：Besides, shopping at this time of the year was not 33 pleasant experience.；not a pleasant experien

13、ce“不是件令人愉快的经历”；再如2007年高考：, the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to 36 small town some 20 kilometers away where there was a garage. a small town“一个小镇”。（2） 考查定冠词the 的特指用法。如2010年高考：A young man, while traveling through a desert, came across a spring of clear water. 31 wate

14、r was sweet. the water指代前句中的“a spring of clear water”。（3） 考查不定冠词an的用法：如2011年高考：We had 24 amazing conversation. an amazing conversation“一次令人吃惊的交谈”，amazing为元音开头，故用an。7. 考查谓语动词谓语动词包括动词的时态及语态。教学大纲要求学生掌握的常考时态有数十种。在语法填空题中，“一般过式时”是近几年考查谓语动词时的重点考查对象。如2007年高考：The sun was setting when my car 31 (break) down n

15、ear a remote village.考查了谓语动词break的过去式broke，was doing sth. when sth. did“正在做某事时发生了”。2009年高考：, people stepped your feet or 34 (push) you with their elbows(肘部), hurrying ahead to get to a bargain.考查了push的过去式，据连词前后的谓语动词时态应保持一致可知，应用一般过去时；又如：Her mother was excited. “Your father has at last decided to stop

16、 smoking,” Jane 40 (inform). 考查了inform的一般过去被动式was informed。2010年高考：After a four-day journey, the young man 33 (present) the water to the old man.考查了present的一般过去式presented。2011年高考：He 19 (pretend) that a tiger toy was real and giving it a voice. 此题可填一般过去时pretended表过去发生的动作，这是根据全文的时态来判断；或填过去进行时was prete

17、nded，这是从语境来看，作者注意到他时他是正在假装玩具熊是真的并给它个声音。8. 考查关系代词及关系副词，这主要是考查学生对于关联词在从句中的应用的能力，其常考词为that，who，which，what，where等，另外，学生对于that在定语从句可作主、宾、表语，但在名词性从句是不作成分并没有词义的不同功用一定要区别开来，否则很容易造成失分。（1）考查关系代词who考查引导定语从句的关系代词who：He filled his leather container so that he could bring some back to an elder 32 had been his tea

18、cher.(2010年高考)elder为先行词，who在定从句中作主语。考查引导宾语从句的关系代词who：I realized that the villagers who had gathered around me were arguing as to 32 should have the honour of receiving me as a guest in their house. (2007年高考)who在宾语从句中作主语。（2） 考查关系代词whom： 如题 ：Behind him were other people to 21 he was trying to talk, （2

19、011年高考）whom在宾语从句中作宾语。（3）考查了that引导同位从句的用法：One day, he came up with an idea 35 he would pluck (拔) up all of his crop a few inches.（2008年高考）that he would pluck up all of his crop a few inches是对抽象名词idea起补充说明的作用。（4）考查引导定语从句的关系副词where，作地点状语 Jane paused in front of a counter 35 some attractive ties were on

20、 display. (2009高考) , the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to a small town some 20 kilometers away 36 there was a garage.(2007高考)9. 考查非谓语动词，包括不定式、现在分词、过去分词及动名词。对于考生来说，了解它们在句中的功用、区别及常考点是非常必要的。（1）考查现在分词：现在分词表示主动且表示动作正在进行，如2010年广东高考语法填空第37空：He spit it out, (say) it was awful.考查的就是现在分词saying，在此作伴随状语。又如：2011年高考考查了现在分词sitting，如题：I got