2014年高考真题——英语（辽宁卷）解析版1(7222756)

1、2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（辽宁卷）英 语第二部分阅读理解 （共两节，满分60分）第一节 （共15小题;每小题3分，满分45分）阅读下列短文 ，从每题所给的四个选项 （A 、B 、C 和 D ）中 ，选出最佳选项 ，并在题卡上将该项涂黑。 AA new study shows students who write notes by hand during lectures perform better on exams than those who use laptops（笔记本电脑）.Students are increasingly using laptops for note

2、-taking because of speed and legibility（清晰度）. But the research has found laptop users are less able to remember and apply the concepts they have been taught.Researchers performed experiments that aimed to find out whether using a laptop increased the tendency to make notes “mindlessly” by taking dow

3、n word for word what the professors said.In the first experiment, students were given either a laptop or pen and paper. They listened to the same lectures and were told to use their usual note-taking skills. Thirty minutes after the talk, they were examined on their ability to remember facts and on

4、how well they understood concepts.The researchers found that laptop users took twice as many notes as those who wrote by hand. However, the typists performed worse at remembering and applying the concepts. Both groups scored similarly when it came to memorizing facts.The researchers report said, “Wh

5、ile more notes arc beneficial, if the notes are taken mindlessly, as is more likely the case on a laptop, the benefit disappears.”In another experiment aimed at testing long-term memory, students took notes as before but were tested a week after the lecture. This time, the students who wrote notes b

6、y hand performed significantly better on the exam.These two experiments suggest that handwritten notes arc not only better for immediate learning and understanding, but that they also lead to superior revision in the future.21.More and more students favor laptops for note-taking because they can .A.

7、 write more notesB. digest concepts betterC. get higher scoresD. understand lectures better22.While taking notes, laptop users tend to be .A. skillfulB. mindlessC. thoughtfulD. tireless23.The author of the passage aims to .A.examine the importance of long-term memoryB.stress the benefit of taking no

8、tes by handC.explain the process of taking notesD.promote the use of laptops24. The passage is likely to appear in .A. a newspaper advertisementB. a computer textbookC. a science magazineD. a finance report【考点】考察科普知识类阅读【文章大意】作者在本文中讲述了一次实验:使用笔记本电脑记笔记和手动记笔记的学生进行对比。结果发现手动记笔记的学生表现更好，告诉我们需要进行手动记笔记，而不是使用电

9、脑。21.【答案】A 【试题解析】细节题。根据文章第二段第一句Students are increasingly using laptops for note-taking because of speed and legibility（清晰度）.可知学生越来越多使用电脑记笔记是因为速度和清晰度。也就是说使用笔记本电脑记笔记速度更快，可以记录更多的内容。故A正确。22. 【答案】B 【试题解析】推理题。根据第三段Researchers performed experiments that aimed to find out whether using a laptop increased th

10、e tendency to make notes “mindlessly” by taking down word for word what the professors said.研究人们做实验是为了发现使用笔记本电脑记笔记是否会让人处于一种无意识的状态之中，只是机械地输入。而实验结果说明用笔记本记录的学生表现不如使用钢笔记录的人。说明使用笔记本记录的确会让人有mindless的感觉。故B正确。23. 【答案】B 【试题解析】推理题。根据文章最后一段These two experiments suggest that handwritten notes arc not only bette

11、r for immediate learning and understanding, but that they also lead to superior revision in the future.可知手动记笔记对于短期长期记忆都有好处，也就说本文强调我们需要进行手动记笔记，而不是使用电脑。故B正确。24. 【答案】C 【试题解析】推理题。本文通过讲述一个实验结论告诉我们手动记笔记对于短期长期记忆都有好处，学生的表现比使用电脑记笔记更好。不会是广告，电脑教科书也不会是金融报告，这属于教学类的科学研究。故C正确。【长难句解析】1.A new study shows students wh

12、o write notes by hand during lectures perform better on exams than those who use laptops。【翻译】一项新的研究显示上课时手动写笔记的学生在考试中要比使用笔记本电脑的学生表现更好。【分析】本句中动词show后面宾语从句的引导词that被省略了，这个宾语从句中含有定语从句who write notes by hand during lectures修饰students；另外一个定语从句who use laptops修饰those。2.These two experiments suggest that hand

13、written notes are not only better for immediate learning and understanding, but that they also lead to superior revision in the future.【翻译】这两个使用都说明手动写笔记不仅对于即时学习和理解有好处，而且会导致未来的表现更好。【分析】本句中的动词suggest表示“说明，暗示”，并不是“建议”；另外句中的宾语从句that handwritten notes are not only better for immediate learning and unders

14、tanding, but that they also lead to superior revision in the future.较长，谓语部分是有not onlybut also连接。B(Q = Question; A = Answer)Situation IQ: If someone sits right next to me in an empty movie theater, is it rude to move?A: Maybe, but nobody will fault you for it. Chances are that the close sitter doesnt

15、 realize he disturbs you, so he may miss your annoyance. You undoubtedly arent the first person hes met who needs enough room. Forgive his bad judgment, move quietly and enjoy the show.Situation IIQ: If 1 use the bathroom at a store, do I need to buy something?A: Consider frequency and urgency. Is t

16、his a one-time thing or an emergency? If so, you dont have to buy anything, but it would be kind if you did. However, if you regularly use the bathroom at this place, then you arc a customer, and you should act like one.Situation IIIQ: If someone is talking loudly on the bus, is there a nicc way to

17、ask him to keep it down?A: No. Try other means: 1) Stare at him until he gets aware of it and quiets down. 2) Lift your finger in a silence motion（动作） and smile. 3) Put on earphones and ignore him.Situation IVQ: If I remember my friends birthday a day late, should I apologize or just wish her a happ

18、y birthday like nothing happened?A: This is the reason why the word belated was invented. “Happy belated birthday!” is short for: “Well. I know I forgot, but then I remembered. Forgive me and happy birthday.”Situation VQ: Can I lie about seeing a text because I was loo busy or lazy to respondto it?A

19、: Dont lie. Receiving a text does not mean you need to respond(回复) to it. Why waste a perfectly good lie when the truth will serve? “Yes,” you can say if ever asked, “I saw it.” No explanation is needed as to why you dont respond.25.You will get annoyed in a theater when .A.a person is too activeB.a

20、 person is too rude to youC.a person talks too loudlyD.a person sits too close to you26.How will you quiet someone down in a public place?A.By making fun of him continuously.B.By looking purposefully at him.C.By talking to him directly.D.By pointing angrily at him.27.The underlined word “belated” in

21、 Situation IV probably means .A. prcdictcd B. returnedC. cancelledD. delayed28.What is the passage mainly about?A.Modern ways to mind your manners.B.Different ways to change others manners.C.Proper manners to offer help to others.D.Good manners to talk to people.【考点】考察教育类阅读【文章大意】本文中列举了在5种不同的情况下，如何表现

22、得有礼貌的方法。25. 【答案】D 【试题解析】推理题。根据Situation I中的Q: If someone sits right next to me in an empty movie theater, is it rude to move?A: Maybe, but nobody will fault you for it. Chances are that the close sitter doesnt realize he disturbs you。可知在电影院里，如果有人坐得理你太近，这也许会是一件让人恼怒的事情。故D正确。26. 【答案】B 【试题解析】细节题。根据Situa

23、tion III中的Stare at him until he gets aware of it and quiets down可知如果一个人讲话声音太大，你可以瞪着他看，直到他意识到为止。故B正确。27. 【答案】D 【试题解析】猜测词义题。根据Situation IV中 If I remember my friends birthday a day late, 和This is the reason why the word belated was invented.可知这是在你忘记了对方的生日之后的补救措施。故该词应该是指“delayed”迟到的，晚来的。故D正确。28. 【答案】A 【

24、试题解析】主旨大意题。本文中列举了在5种不同的情况下，如何表现得有礼貌的方法。故A正确。【长难句解析】Chances are that the close sitter doesnt realize he disturbs you, so he may miss your annoyance.【翻译】很有可能那个坐得较为靠近的人并没有意识到你打扰到你了，所以他可能没有注意到你生气了。【分析】本句中有一个固定句式chances are that很可能；另外动词realize后面含有一个宾语从句he disturbs you。CWould it surprise you to learn that

25、, like animals, trees communicate with each other and pass on their wealth to the next generation?UBC Professor Simard explains how trees are much more complex than most of us ever imagined. Although Charles Darwin thought that trees arc competing for survival of the fittest, Simard shows just how w

26、rong he was. In fact, the opposite is true: trees survive through their co-operation and support, passing around necessary nutrition “depending on who needs it”.Nitrogen（氮） and carbon are shared through miles of underground fungi（真菌） networks, making sure that all trees in the forest ecological syst

27、em give and receive just the right amount to keep them all healthy. This hidden system works in a very similar way to the networks of neurons（神经元）in our brains, and when one tree is destroyed, it affects all.Simard talks about “mother trees”, usually the largest and oldest plants on which all other

28、trees depend. She explains how dying trees pass on the wealth to the next generation, transporting important minerals to young trees so they may continue to grow. When humans cut down “mother trees” with no awareness of these highly complex “tree societies” or the networks on which they feed, we are

29、 reducing the chances of survival for the entire forest.“We didnt take any notice of it.” Simard says sadly. “Dying trees move nutrition into the young trees before dying, but we never give them chance.” If we could put across the message to the forestry industry, we could make a huge difference tow

30、ards our environmental protection efforts for the future.29.The underlined sentence “the opposite is true” in Paragraph 2 probably means that trees.A.compete for survivalB.protect their own wealthC.depend on each otherD.provide support for dying trees30.“Mother trees” are extremely important because

31、 they .A.look the largest in size in the forestB.pass on nutrition to young treesC.seem more likely to be cut down by humansD.know more about the complex “tree societies”31.The underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refers to .A.how “tree societies” workB.how trees grow oldC.how forestry industr

32、y developsD.how young trees survive32.What would be the best title for the passage?A.Old Trees Communicate Like HumansB.Young Trees Are In Need Of ProtectionC.Trees Are More Awesome Thart You ThinkD.Trees Contribute To Our Society【考点】考察科普知识类阅读【文章大意】本文主要讲述了森立的树木会通过“tree societies”把自己的财富交给下一代。并详细说明了这一

33、发现的具体内容。29. 【答案】C 【试题解析】推理题。根据本句Although Charles Darwin thought that trees arc competing for survival of the fittest, Simard shows just how wrong he was. In fact, the opposite is true: 可知达尔文认为树是相互竞争以获得生存。但是Simard的实验发现达尔文是错误的。实际上：与达尔文的理论相反的观点是正确的。也就是说树不是竞争生存，而是考相互合作，相互依靠生存下来的。故C正确。30. 【答案】B 【试题解析】推理题

34、。根据文章第四段Simard talks about “mother trees”, usually the largest and oldest plants on which all other trees depend.可知“mother trees”通常都是其他的树依赖的大树，它承担这向小树输送养料的作用。ACD三项都是片面的理解。故B正确。31. 【答案】A【试题解析】推理题。根据第四段最后三行和最后一段第一行When humans cut down “mother trees” with no awareness of these highly complex “tree soci

35、eties” or the networks on which they feed, we are reducing the chances of survival for the entire forest.“We didnt take any notice of it.”当人们意识不到这种复杂的“tree societies”情况下砍倒了mother trees，我们就减少了整个森林幸存的机会。最后一段第一句中的it就是指complex “tree societies”。故A正确。32. 【答案】C 【试题解析】主旨大意题。根据文章主题段第一段Would it surprise you t

36、o learn that, like animals, trees communicate with each other and pass on their wealth to the next generation?可知树和动物一样，能够把自己的财富交个下一代。这比人们原来的看法完全不一样，树比我们认为地更聪明。故C正确。【长难句解析】UBC Professor Simard explains how trees are much more complex than most of us ever imagined.【翻译】UBC的教授Simard树木要比我我们很多人想象得还要复杂。【分析

37、】本节中的动词explain后面含有一个how引导的宾语从句how trees are much more complex than most of us ever imagined.这个从句中有一个比较从句most of us ever imagined。DTravis is the manager of G&G where he is responsible for forty employees（雇员） and profits (利润) of over $2 million per year. Hes never late to work. He does not get upset o

38、n the job. When one of his employees started crying after a customer screamed at her, Travis took her away. “Your working uniform is your shelter,” he told her. “Nothing anyone says will ever hurt you. You will always be as strong as you want to be.”Travis picked up that lecture in one of his G&G tr

39、aining courses, an education program that began on his first day and continues throughout an employees occupation. The training has, Travis says, changed his life. G&G has taught him how to live, how to focus, how to get to work on time, and how to master his emotions（情绪）.Most importantly, it taught

40、 him willpower.At the center of that education is an extreme focus on an all-important habit: willpower. Dozens of cases show that willpower is the single most important habit for a person s success.And the best way to strengthen willpower is to make it into a habit. “Sometimes it looks like people

41、with great self-control arent working hardbut thats because theyve made it automatic,” Angela Duckworth, one of the University of Pennsylvania researchers said. “Their willpower occurs without them having to think about it.”The company spent millions of dollars developing programs of study to train

42、employees on self-control. Managers wrote workbooks that serve as guides to how to make willpower a habit in workers lives. Those courses are, in part, why G&G has grown from a sleepy company into a large one with more than seventeen thousand stores and profits of more than $10 billion a year.33.We

43、learn from Paragraph 2 that employees in G&G must .A.learn to give lecturesB.attend education programsC.design a working uniformD.develop a common hobby34.Willpower will become a habit when employees can . A.focus on the profitsB.benefit from the jobC.protect themselves wellD.control their feelings

44、well 35.What can we infer from the passage?A.G&G has grown into a large company.B.G&G will spend half its profits training employees.C.G&G may become more successful in the future.D.G&G has to produce more workbooks for managers.【考点】考察文化教育类阅读【文章大意】本文通过G&G的培训课程告诉我们人的意志力是我们是否能够取得成功的关键。33. 【答案】B 【试题解析】

45、推理题。根据文章第二段1,2行Travis picked up that lecture in one of his G&G training courses, an education program that began on his first day and continues throughout an employees occupation.可知G&G的培训课程在新员工入职第一天就开始了，而且在贯穿与员工的工作之中。也就是说G&G的员工都得参加这样的培训课程。故B正确。34. 【答案】D 【试题解析】推理题。根据第三段1,2行And the best way to strengt

46、hen willpower is to make it into a habit. “Sometimes it looks like people with great self-control arent working hardbut thats because theyve made it automatic可知加强意志力最好的方法就是让意志力成为一种习惯。有时候有很强自我控制里的人工作并不努力，你是因为他们还没有把自我控制当成一种习惯。也就是说当人们能够很好地控制我们的感情时，我们就会让意志力成为习惯。我们就能表现得很好。故D正确。35. 【答案】C 【试题解析】推理题。根据文章最后一

47、段第一句The company spent millions of dollars developing programs of study to train employees on self-control.和 最后一句Those courses are, in part, why G&G has grown from a sleepy company into a large one with more than seventeen thousand stores and profits of more than $10 billion a year.可知这家公司在培训员工方面花了很多钱

48、，而且也让公司发展得很好，也正是因为在员工培训方面的投入很大，所以他们可能在未来会取得更大的成功。故C正确。【长难句解析】And the best way to strengthen willpower is to make it into a habit.【答案】加强意志力最好的方法就是让意志力成为一种习惯。【分析】在本句中不定式的用法得到了充分的体现。本句中主语the best way后面有不定式to strengthen willpower作为定语来修饰这个名词，还可以使用the best way of strengthening willpower。另外本句中的表语to make it

49、 into a habit也是一个不定式，表示具体的一次性的行为。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10 分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Eyesight plays a very important role in our daily life. Every waking moment, the eyes are working to see the world around us. Over forty percent of Americans worry about losing eyesight, but its easy to

50、 include steps into our daily life to ensure healthy eyes. Here are five suggestions for a lifetime of healthy eyesight:Schedule yearly exams. 36 Experts advise parents to bring babies 6 to 12 months of age to the doctor for a careful check. The good news is that millions of children now can have ye

51、arly eye exams and following treatment, including eyeglasses.Protect against UV rays(紫外线).Long-term stay in the sun creates risk to youreyes. No matter what the season is, its extremely important to wear sunglasses. 37 Give your eyes a break. Two-thirds of Americans spend up to seven hours a day usi

52、ng computers or other digital products. 38 Experts recommend that people practice the 20/20/20 rule: every 20 minutes, take a 20-second break and look at something 20 feet away. 39 As part of a healthy diet, eat more fruits and vegetables each day. Vitamins(维生素) C and E help protect eyesight and pro

53、mote eye health.Practice safe wear and care of contact lenses（隐形眼镜）. Many Americans use contact lenses to improve their eyesight. While some follow the medical guidance for wearing contact lenses, many are breaking the rules and putting their eyesight at risk. 40 Otherwise, you may have problems suc

54、h as red eyes, pain in the eyes, or a more serious condition.A.Eat your greens.B.Eye care should begin early in life.C.They can properly protect your eyes.D.Stay in good shape by taking more vitamins.E.Parents usually dont cane about their own eyesight.F.Always follow the doctors advice for appropri

55、ate wear.G.This frequent eye activity increases the risk for eye tiredness.36. 【答案】B 【试题解析】本段的标题是Schedule yearly exams安排每年都检查眼睛。横线下一句：Experts advise parents to bring babies 6 to 12 months of age to the doctor for a careful check.可知专家建议父母亲在6-12个月的时候就带着孩子去进行眼部检查。也就说眼部检查要尽可能地早进行。故B正确。37. 【答案】C 【试题解析】长时

56、间地在强烈的阳光下，都会伤害到我们的眼睛。所以不管是什么季节，我们都要佩戴太阳镜，因为太阳镜可能会保护我们的视力。故C项符合上下文串联。38. 【答案】G 【试题解析】本段的标题是Give your eyes a break.让眼睛休息。本段第一句三分之二的美国人花7个小时的时间使用电脑或者电子产品。没有让我们的眼睛得到休息，这样频繁地使用会增加我们眼睛疲劳的危险。故G项符合上下文串联。39. 【答案】A 【试题解析】根据本段第一句As part of a healthy diet, eat more fruits and vegetables each day.可知要多吃蔬菜等绿色食品，对我

57、们的眼睛是有好处的。故A项符合段落大意。40. 【答案】F 【试题解析】很多人都佩戴隐形眼镜等，但是在使用中总是没有按照使用说明，这也让他们的眼睛处于危险之中。那么我们要采纳医生的建议，合理使用这些设备。故F项符合上下文。第三部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填人空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。It was already half past seven and I was running late again for the dinner appointment with my wife, Eleanor. We had 41 to meet at the restaurant at se