被动语态讲解

1、2021/3/912021/3/921.一般现在时态的被动语态结构一般现在时态的被动语态结构: am/is/are + vt 过去分词过去分词2.一般过去时态的被动语态结构一般过去时态的被动语态结构: was/ were + vt 过去分词过去分词3.含有情态动词的被动语态结构含有情态动词的被动语态结构: 情态动词情态动词+be+ vt 过去分过去分词词4.一般将来时的被动语态结构一般将来时的被动语态结构: will/shall +be + vt 过去分词过去分词5.现在进行时态的被动语态结构现在进行时态的被动语态结构: am/ is /are+being + vt 过去分词过去分词6.过去进

2、行时态的被动语态结构过去进行时态的被动语态结构:was / were + being+ vt 过去分词过去分词7.现在完成时态的被动语态结构现在完成时态的被动语态结构: have/has been + vt 过去分词过去分词2021/3/93The boy broke the glass.The glass was broken by the boy.如何从主动语态变为被动语态？如何从主动语态变为被动语态？1.1.主语主语 介词介词by by 宾语宾语2.2.谓语谓语 加加be,be,并变为过去分词并变为过去分词3.3.宾语宾语 主语主语2021/3/94时时 态态主动语态主动语态被动语态被动

3、语态1 一般现在时一般现在时do/doesam/is/are+过去分词过去分词2 一般过去时一般过去时didwas/were+过去分词过去分词3 一般将来时一般将来时will+动词原形动词原形will+be+过去分词过去分词4 过去将来时过去将来时would+动词原形动词原形would+be+过去分词过去分词5 现在进行时现在进行时am/is/are+v-ingam/is/are+being+过去分过去分词词6 过去进行时过去进行时was/were+v-ingwas/were+being+过去分过去分词词7 现在完成时现在完成时have/has+过去分词过去分词have/has+been+过去

4、分词过去分词8 过去完成时过去完成时had+过去分词过去分词had+been+过去分词过去分词9 含情态动词含情态动词情态动词情态动词+动词原形动词原形情态动词情态动词+be+过去分词过去分词2021/3/951.They make shoes in that factory.主语主语+及物动词及物动词+宾语宾语Shoes are made (by them) in that factory.一般现在时：一般现在时：am/is /are +过去分词过去分词各种时态变为被动语态各种时态变为被动语态2021/3/962. They bought ten computers last term Te

5、n computers were bought (by them) last term.一般过去时：一般过去时：was/were +过去分词过去分词2021/3/97Tom will clean the room tomorrow.主主谓谓宾宾The room will be cleanedby Tom tomorrow.一般将来时：一般将来时：will be+过去分词过去分词2021/3/983Amy can take good care of Gina Gina can be taken good care of by Amy.情态动词：情态动词：can/may/must/should +

6、 be+过去分词过去分词2021/3/995.Some workers are painting the rooms nowThe rooms are being painted by some workers now.现在进行时：现在进行时：am/is/are + being +过去分词过去分词2021/3/9107I was doing my homework at 8:00 last night My homework was being done (by me) at 8:00 last night.过去进行时：过去进行时：was/were+being+过去分词过去分词2021/3/9

7、116We have made twenty more keysTwenty more keys have been made by us.现在完成时：现在完成时： have/has + been+过去分词过去分词2021/3/912请将下列主动语态变成被动语态请将下列主动语态变成被动语态1.Lucy bought some fruit. Some fruit _ _ _ Lucy.2.Uncle Wang waters the flowers every day. The flowers _ _ _ Uncle Wang every day.3.Did they build the brid

8、ge in 1998? _ the bridge _ in 1998?4.When did Lu Xun write these books?When _these books _ _ Lu Xun?5.The farmers dont grow apples on the farm.Apples _ _ on the farm.6.They didnt clean the classroom yesterday.The classroom _ _ yesterday.was bought by are watered byWasbuiltwere written by arent grown

9、wasnt cleaned2021/3/913带情态动词的被动语态带情态动词的被动语态1.You can do the work all by yourself. The work _ _ _ all by yourself.2.We must plant more trees. More trees _ _ _.3.We should dig a large hole. A large hole _ _ _.4.Can we put our bikes here? _ our bikes _ _ here?5.You mustnt throw rubbish here. Rubbish _

10、_ _ here.6.We cant see many stars. Many stars _ _ _ . can be donemust be plantedshould be dugCanbe putmustnt be thrown cant be seen2021/3/914一、使役动词一、使役动词(let, have, make等)或感官或感官动词动词(see, hear, watch,等)在主动语态中在主动语态中后面接的动词不定式省略后面接的动词不定式省略toto，改为被动语态，改为被动语态时一定要补上时一定要补上toto。如：。如：The boss makes the worker

11、s work all day. The workers are made to work all day by the boss.I saw him enter the house. He was seen to enter the house by me.C. We hear her sing in the room every day. She is heard to sing in the room every day.2021/3/915当使用当使用see/hear/watch sb doing sthsee/hear/watch sb doing sth时，时，变为被动语态时，变为被

12、动语态时，doingdoing不变。不变。如：如：I saw him going into the shop.(主动主动)He was seen going into the shop.(被动被动) 2021/3/916主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态使使役役动动词词make sb do sthsb be made to do sthhave sb do sthsb be had to do sthlet sb do sthsb be let to do sth感感官官动动词词see sb do sthsb be seen to do sthwatch sb do sthsb be watch

13、ed to do sthhear sb do sthsb be heard to do sthnotice sb do sthsb be noticed to do sthgo2021/3/9171.Toms father bought him a book. He _ a book by his father.A book _ _ him by his father.二、带双宾语的动词有两种改法二、带双宾语的动词有两种改法: 1.把指人的宾语作为被动句的主语把指人的宾语作为被动句的主语.2.当把直接宾语物作为主语时，要加介词当把直接宾语物作为主语时，要加介词to,forwas bought在

14、被动语态中要注意的问题在被动语态中要注意的问题was boughtfor2021/3/918pass, show, send 此类动词有：此类动词有：buy如如：givebe given to 此类动词还有：此类动词还有：2021/3/919He gave me a beautiful present.I was given a beautiful present by him.A beautiful present was given to me .2021/3/920感官动词感官动词( (hear, see, watch, feel, notice等等) )和使役动词和使役动词( (let

15、 ,make have等等) )在主动语态中在主动语态中后接不带后接不带toto的动词不定式的动词不定式, ,但是改为被动语态时但是改为被动语态时, , 把把toto加在动词原形之前加在动词原形之前. .They made the boys work 12 hours a day.The boys were made to work 12 hours a day.We often see him go for a walk by the river.He is often seen to go for a walk by the river.2021/3/9211. The teachers

16、often make us read books in the morning. We are often made to read books in the morning by the teachers.2. We noticed him talk with my brother just now.He was noticed to talk with my brother just now.3. We saw her help Tom when we enter the room.She was seen to help Tom when we enter the room.4. I m

17、ade him stop while he was doing the work.He was made to stop while he was doing the work.2021/3/922 3 主动句中含有宾语补足语句子的被动语态主动句中含有宾语补足语句子的被动语态: :把人变为主语把人变为主语 Mother told me not to be late. I was told not to be late by mother. I saw mother planting flowers in the garden. Mother was seen planting flowers

18、in the garden. 2021/3/923Speak to be spoken toHand in be handed in2021/3/9244 短语动词的被动语态短语动词的被动语态 I can take good care of the baby. The baby can be taken good care of.We should speak to the old politely.The old should be spoken to politely. 2021/3/925 The rain stopped.不及物动词（不及物动词（vi.)不能用于被动语态。不能用于被动语

19、态。happen, take place ,appear, disappear,belong to ,break out (爆发）爆发）2021/3/926 e.g. A traffic accident _(happen) just now.happened2. 连系动词连系动词（Link.v.)不用被动语态不用被动语态。 如：be, look, seem, feel, sound, smell, taste, get, turn, become e.g. Peking Opera _ (sound) beautiful.sounds 3. 当此动词表示事物的自然属性的时候，当此动词表示事物

20、的自然属性的时候，不用被动语态不用被动语态 。 e.g. The pen _(write) very fast.writes This kind of sweater _(sell) well. sells2021/3/927三、汉语中含有三、汉语中含有“据说据说”、“据悉据悉”、“有有人说人说”、“大家说大家说”等时。例如：等时。例如： It is said that one day he climbed to the top of a house and It was reported that her mother died of SARS.众所周知众所周知 It is well kno

21、wn that 据推测说据推测说 It is supposed that 2021/3/928 Practice:1 Must I pay for it at once?_ it _ _ _ at once?2 We will build a new lab.A new lab _ _ _.3 They arent stopping the traffic now.The traffic _ _ _ now.4 How long have you kept the book?How long _ the book _ _? Mustbeenpaidforwillbebuiltisntbeens

22、toppinghasbeenkept2021/3/9295 If your homework _(do) well,you may go to play.6 Mr.Green was seen _ (grow) trees.7 The blackboard was _ (look) carefully by the students.8 The ship model _ be _ (make)in two days.is doneto growlooked atwillmade2021/3/9301.-Did you go to Jims birthday party? -No, I _ (北

23、京北京2003年中招试题年中招试题) A. am not invited B. wasnt invited C. havent invited D. didnt invited2. To make our city more beautiful, rubbish _ into the river. A. neednt be thrown B. mustnt be thrown C. cant throw D. may not throw (重庆重庆2003年中招试题年中招试题)BB2021/3/931考点聚焦考点聚焦 1、主动语态为动词原形作宾语补足语。、主动语态为动词原形作宾语补足语。 Th

24、e workers were made 12 hours a day n the old days. A. work B. to work 2、主动语态的谓语为短语动词。、主动语态的谓语为短语动词。 Their homework half an hour ago. A. was handed in B. was handed AB2021/3/9323.You may go fishing if your work_. (河河北北2003年中招试题年中招试题) A. is done B. will be done C. has done D. have done4.We are told _

25、everywhere. Its our duty to keep our school clean. (辽宁辽宁2003年中年中招试题招试题) not to make much noise B. to throw waste paper C. to draw D. not to spitAD2021/3/9331.- What do you think of the football match yesterday ?- Its surprising. The strongest team _.A. was beaten B. won C. scored D. was failed2.I wo

26、nt come to the party unless Sue_.A. will invite B. invites C. invited D. is invited3.What are on show in the museum? Some photos _ by African children.A. are taken B. have been taken C. taken D. were taken4. The boy _ study at home by her last Sunday.A made B was made C was made to D made to中招模拟中招模拟

27、ADCC2021/3/9344.The trees must _ three times a week.A. water B. is watering C. be watered D. waters5.Another new building _last month near my school.A. was built B. built C. has been built D. is built6. A new bridge _ over the river next year.A is built B will build C will be built D will built7. TV

28、 and radio programes _ the other side of the world with the help of the satellites.A can send to B can send on C can be sent to D can be sent onCACC2021/3/9353. In summer meat and fruit _for a long time.A cant be kept B doesnt keep C is not kept D isnt keeping4. These films _ by young children.A sho

29、uld not seen B shouldnt be seen C should be not seen D should see5. The piece of music _ great.A sounds B sounded C is sounded D is sounding6. It _ in a small village last month.A happened B was happened C happen D had happenedABAA2021/3/9362. Our classroom should _ clean and tidy.A was kept B be kept C is keep D have kept3. No letter _ since you left for Shanghai.A have received B have been received C had been received D has been received4. Im afraid you cant go in. The room_.A is painted B has painted C is being painted D is painting6. The girl _singing when we passed by.A hea