初中三大从句复习PPT通用课件

1、初中三大从句复习 （宾语宾语，状语，定语）从句请问他们是什么从句1.The man who is speaking at the meeting is a farmer.2. I know who stole the money. 3. I didnt realize how special my mother was until I became an adult. 4. While John was watching TV, his wife was cooking. 宾语从句三大考点点宾语从句三大考点点一、引导词一、引导词二、二、语序语序三、三、时态时态 He said (that) h

2、e wanted to stay at home. She doesnt know (that) she is seriously ill. I am sure (that) he will succeed.1.原来的句子是陈述句时，由that引导 由that引导的宾语从句。that只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。 一一 引导词引导词2.原来的句子是一般疑问疑问句时，用if 和whether（1）Is she beautiful?（2）Does he live here? (3) Can I help you?I want to know He asked me 用

3、这两句型来练：在whether or not 的固定搭配中。如： eg ：I want to know whether its good news or not . 我想知道是否是好消息3.原来句子是特殊疑问句，就由原来的特殊疑问词引导Do you know who (whom) they are waiting for?He asked whose handwriting was the best.Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is?I dont know why the train is late.I dont know who is sh

4、e?The teacher said whats wrong with him?二二.宾语从句中时态的变化宾语从句中时态的变化I hear (that)Jim ( be ) a worker two years ago.Jim ( be ) an English teacher now . Jim ( cook ) dinner tomorrow .Jim ( sing )a popular song now.Jim ( be ) to the Great Wall twice . Jim ( play ) basketball when his father came back. Jim (

5、 learn )1000 Chinese words by the end of last semester. wasiswill cookis singinghas beenwas playinghad learned1.当主句是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态不作限制，当主句是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态不作限制，我们可以根据句子的需要使用任何一种时态。我们可以根据句子的需要使用任何一种时态。（需要性原则）（需要性原则）2.2.当主句是一般过去时的时候，宾语从句必须运用相当主句是一般过去时的时候，宾语从句必须运用相应的过去的某一种时态，应的过去的某一种时态，从而达到主句和从句的相互从而达到主句和从

6、句的相互一致。（呼应性原则）一致。（呼应性原则）1) He will go to Hong Kong .2) He is sick.3) He is reading a book . 4) He has finished his work.1) He to Hong Kong .2) He sick.3) He a book . 4) HeHe saidwould go waswas reading his work.had finished 3. 如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，其时态常用一般现在时。Our teacher said that January is the first mon

7、th of the year.Scientists have proved that the earth turns around the sun.句子的两种语序句子的两种语序:1.陈述句结构叫陈述句结构叫陈述语序陈述语序宾语从句必须用陈述句语序宾语从句必须用陈述句语序 2 疑问句结构叫疑问句结构叫疑问语序疑问语序 My name isMy favorite sport isI amI speak/have/likeI can playAre you?Can you play?Do you do?Where are you? What can you do? How do you do?陈陈述

8、述句句-一般一般疑问疑问句句特殊特殊疑问疑问句句结构比较结构比较_ + _ + _主语主语谓语谓语.?_ +_ + _特殊特殊疑问词疑问词一般一般疑问句疑问句 be情态动词情态动词助动词助动词_ / _ /_+ _ +_主语主语谓语谓语?陈陈述述句句一般一般疑问疑问句句特殊特殊疑问疑问句句_+ _ + _ 结构比较结构比较be情态动词情态动词助动词助动词主语主语谓语谓语_ + _ + _ .主语主语?_ +_+ _特殊特殊疑问词疑问词一般一般疑问句疑问句? ?_ + _ + _ 主语主语?_ +_ + _主语主语结论结论:陈述句和疑问句最本质的区别是陈述句陈述句和疑问句最本质的区别是陈述句中的

9、中的be动词动词, 情态动词情态动词 ,助动词在主语后助动词在主语后,而而在疑问句中在疑问句中,它们则在主语前它们则在主语前宾语从句三要素宾语从句三要素引导词引导词thatthat（陈述句（陈述句 ）ififwhetherwhether（一般疑问句（一般疑问句 ） 特殊疑问词特殊疑问词（特殊疑问句（特殊疑问句) )时态时态主句为一般现在时主句为一般现在时从句可为任何时态从句可为任何时态主句为一般过去时主句为一般过去时从句从句一般过去时一般过去时过去将来时过去将来时过去进行时过去进行时过去完成时过去完成时语序语序宾语从句的语序都为陈述句语序宾语从句的语序都为陈述句语序客观真理客观真理 自然现象自

10、然现象公式定理公式定理 名言警句名言警句 时态不变时态不变七七.本节小结本节小结1.-WhattimewillMr.BrownbebacktoChina?-Sorry.Idontknow_.A.whendidhegoabroadB.whyheisgoingabroadC.howsoonwillhebebackD.howlonghewillstayabroad2.-MayIcomein?ImsorryIamlate.-Comein,please.Butcouldyoupleasetellme_.?A.whyyouarelateagainB.whatwereyoudoingthenC.whoyou

11、talkedwithD.howdoyoucometoschool3.-Couldyoupleasetellme_.?-BusNo.32willtakeyourightthere.A.whereisHenanMuseumB.whatHenanMuseumislikeC.howcanIgettoHenanMuseumD.whichbusIshalltaketoHenanMuseum4.PetersaysthattheWhitesareonholiday,butnooneknows_.A.wheretheyhavebeenB.wherearetheyC.wherearetheyfromD.where

12、theyhavegone二状语从句用句子表达一件事情或一个行为发生的时间，这个句子就叫时间状语从句。时间状语从句根据其所表示的时间不同，所使用的连词也不同。下面我们一起来看一下几个常见的时间状语从句：这里主要讲时间状语从句和条件状语从句这一块往往和从属连词（专题十四）一块考时间，条件状语如果主句用了一般将来时从句将用一般现在时表将来含义。1.时间状语从句时间状语由when，while，as, as soon as, since ,until/till, not. until/till, before, after等引导。(1)when引导的从句：表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时发生，或从句的动作

13、发生在主句动作之前。 eg：I was going out when a visitor came. (动词动作同时发生。) 。(2)while 引导的从句：表示“当过程中”，强调某一段时间内主句和从句中谓语动词所表示的动作在同一时期发生。由于while从句表示一个持续的行为，所以从句中要用持续性动词，并且持续性动词常用进行时态。 eg：Keep an eye on my little sister while I am away.(3)as引导的时间状语从句：表示“当的时候；一边一边；随着”，其从句的主语与主句的主语往往是同一人或物。 eg：She sang as she worked. 她

14、一边工作一边唱歌。=She was singing as she was working. I saw him as he was getting off the bus. 正当他下公共汽车时, 我看见了他。(4)before引导的从句：一般表示主句的动作发生在从句动作之前。 eg：I didnt know any English before I came here. 我到这儿来之前，一点英语都不懂。 eg：I had written my report before my father came back.(5)after引导的从句：表示主句的动作发生在从句动作之后。eg：After he

15、 locked the door, he left. 他锁上门后，就走了。 他做完工作后，和朋友下了一盘棋。 小试牛刀：I will go out to play basketball with you. I finish my homework. (after)6since引导的从句：表示“自从以来”，从句中的动词一般表示动作的起点，用过去时。since表示“自以来”，主句主句用一般现在时或现在完成时，从句用一般用一般现在时或现在完成时，从句用一般过去式。过去式。 eg：Since he met this good friend, he has made great progress in

16、his studies. Mr green has taught in that school since he (came) to China three years ago.7Until/till 引导的从句：表示一个动作持续到某一时刻。（1)Until/till表示“直到”，如果主句中的谓语动词是延续性动词时，用肯定或否定形式都可以，但表达的意思不同。（2）notUntil/till表示“直到才”，主句用否定式，从句用肯定。如果主句中的谓语动词是瞬间动词时，必须用否定形式。例如：They worked until it was late. 他们一直工作到天黑。She didnt go t

17、o bed until she finished her homework. 她写完作业才睡觉。小试牛刀：All the people left. He waited. (until)_He went to bed . his father came home._8as soon as 引导的从句表示“一就”，强调动作紧密相连。例如：As soon as she came to the classroom, she began to read English.她一到教室，就开始读英语。 小试牛刀：We start to sing. Its 12 oclock. (as soon as)_分析试

18、题特点及做题思路：分析试题特点及做题思路：题形题形 （1）选择题：）选择题：考连词考连词- 做题思路：做题思路： 考时态考时态-做题思路：做题思路： 认字认字- 判断关系判断关系- 选择正确的连词选择正确的连词认字认字- 判断语境提供的时态特点判断语境提供的时态特点- 选择正选择正确的时态确的时态1. It was quiet _ those big trucks started coming through the town.A. before B. after C. until D. unless 2. It seemed only seconds _ the boy finished w

19、ashing his face.A. when B. before C. after D. even if 3. Hardly had he reached the school gate _ the bell rang.A. while B. when C. as D. as soon as4.We were told that we should follow the main road _ we reached the central railway station.A. whenever B. until C. while D. wherever 2.条件状语从句条件状语从句引导词：引

20、导词：If/ifnot,unless,aslongas,without条件状语和时间状语一样如果主句用了一条件状语和时间状语一样如果主句用了一般将来时，从句就用一般现在时表将含义般将来时，从句就用一般现在时表将含义。位置：从句可放在主句之前或之后，但是放在主句之前须有从句可放在主句之前或之后，但是放在主句之前须有逗号隔开逗号隔开eg:如果我有足够的钱，我就去环游世界（1）If 引导条件状语从句 定义：定义：if“如果如果,假如假如”它引导的句子表示某事发生所需的它引导的句子表示某事发生所需的条件，即条件，即“在在条件下，某事才能发生条件下，某事才能发生”，在句子中充当状语，在句子中充当状语，因

21、此称之为条件状语从句。（因此称之为条件状语从句。（ If引导的条件状语从句表示假引导的条件状语从句表示假如有从句的动作发生，就会有主句动作的发生如有从句的动作发生，就会有主句动作的发生 ）If I have enough money, I will travel around the world =I will travel around the world if I have enough money用法：1. 如果主句是一般将来时，从句则用一般现在时如果主句是一般将来时，从句则用一般现在时( 主将从现）。主将从现）。 If it rains（从句）， I will stay at home

22、. Ill go with you if you dont want to go alone（从句）. 2.如果主句含有如果主句含有must, may, can 等情态动词，从句也要用等情态动词，从句也要用一般现在时。一般现在时。 If you drive too fast, you may have an accident. You must stop if the traffic is red. 3. 如果主句是祈使句，从句同样要用一般现在时。如果主句是祈使句，从句同样要用一般现在时。 Dont go and play football if you dont finish your ho

23、mework. Please call me if he comes next Sunday 注意注意if 引导的条件状语从句和宾语从句的区别引导的条件状语从句和宾语从句的区别 1.Youll be late _ you dont get up early tomorrow morning.A. if B. when C. before D. until 2.If he _ on time, we will go without himA. doesnt come B. dont comeC. didnt come D. will come3.If you _ him tomorrow, pl

24、ease ask him if he _ to work on the farm with us.A. see ; goes B. will see; goes C. will see; will go D. see; will go总结：总结： 条件状语从句考的频率比较高，主要考查条件状语从句考的频率比较高，主要考查if 连词和连词和if引导的从句与主句的时态（主将从现）引导的从句与主句的时态（主将从现）如果如果是否是否2) unless在意义上相当于在意义上相当于ifnot。You will fail unless you study hard.You will fail if you d

25、ont study hard3) “祈使句祈使句 + and (or)+ 陈述句陈述句” 在意思上相在意思上相当于一个带有条件状语从句的复合句。其当于一个带有条件状语从句的复合句。其中，中，and表示句意顺承；表示句意顺承；or表示转折，意为表示转折，意为“否则否则”。例如：例如：Hurry up, or youll be late.=If you dont hurry up, youll be late.Study hard and you will succeed.定语从句定语从句考试要求：能够辨出由that, which, who等引导的定语从句that 既可指人，也可指物，作主语，不既可指人，也可指物，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略。能省略；作宾语，可以省略。which指物，作主语，不能省略；作宾指物，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略语，可以省略. who 指人，作主语，不能省略；作宾指人，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略语，可以省略,（常用（常用whom）只用只用that 的情况的情况1、先行词为不定代词、先行词为不定代词all， few ，little， much something， nothing， anything ，everything等等或者先行词被或者先行词被all， any， every， each，few，little， no，s