考研英语二新题型B练习

1、精心整理英语二新题型练习(一)?Directions:Readthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbyreadinginformationfromtheleftcolumnthatcorrespondst oeachofthemarkeddetailsgivenintherightcolumn.Therearetwoextrachoicesintherightcolumn.Makeyoura nsweronANSWERSHEET1.(10points)“ University istory,thehistoryofwhatmanhasaccomplishe

2、dintheworld,isatbottomtheHistoryoftheGrea tMenwhohaveworkedhere, “ wrotetheVictorianThomasCarlyleWell,notanymoreitisnot.Suddenly,Britainlookstohavefallenoutwithitsfavoritehistoricalform.Thiscouldbenomorethanapassinglit erarycraze,butitalsopointstoabroadertruthabouthowwenowapproachthepast:lessconcern

3、edwithlearningf romourforefathersandmoreinterestedinfeelingtheirpain.Today,wewantempathy,notinspiration.FromtheearliestdaysoftheRenaissance,thewritingofhistorymeantrecountingtheexemplarylivesofgr eatmen.In1337,PetrarchbeganworkonhisramblingwritingDebinsIllustribus-onFamousMen,highlighting thevirtus(

4、orvirtue)ofclassicalheroes.Petrarchcelebratedtheirgreatnessinconqueringfortuneandrisingtoth etop.ThiswasthebiographicaltraditionwhichNiccoloMachiavelliturnedonitshead.InThePrince,hechampi onedcunning,ruthlessness,andboldness,ratherthanvirtue,mercyandjustice,astheskillsofsuccessfulleaders .Overtime,t

5、heattributesofgreatnessshifted.TheRomanticscommemoratedtheleadingpaintersandauth oroftheirday,stressingtheuniquenessoftheartist' spersonexperienceratherthanpublicglory.Bycontrast,VictorianauthorSamuelSmilewroteself-Helpasacatalogueoftheworthylivesofengineers,industrialistsand explorers.“Thevalua

6、bleexampleswhichtheyfurnishofthepowerdfeepiofpatientpurposeresoluteworkingandsteadfastintegrity,issuingintheformationoftrulynobleandmanlycharacter,exhibit.”whatitisinthepowerofeachtoaccomplishforhimself." HisbiographiesofJamesWatt,RichardArkwrightaJosianWedgwoodwereheldupasbeaconstoguidethework

7、ingmanthroughhisdifficultlife. Thiswasa11abitbourgeoisforThomasCarlyle,whofocusedhisbiographiesonthetrulyheroiclivesofMarti nLuther,OliverCromwellandNapoleonBonaparte.Theseepochalfiguresrepresentedliveshardtoimitate,bu ttobeacknowledgedaspossessinghigherauthoritythanmeremortals.Noteveryonewasconvinc

8、edbysuchbombast. "Thehistoryofallhithertoexistingsocietyisthehistoryofc lassstruggles, “ wroteMarxandEngelinTheCommunistManifesto.Forthem,historydidnothing,itpossessed noimmensewealthnorwagedbattles:" Itisman,livingmanwhodoesallthat. " Andhistoryshouldbetheslhemassesandtheirrecordofst

9、ruggle,Assuch,itneededtoappreciatetheeconomicrealities,thesocialcontexts andpowerrelationsinwhicheachepochstood.For:"Menmaketheirownhistory,buttheydonotmakeitjustastleyplease;theydonotmakeitundercircumstanceschosenbythemselves,butundercircumstancesdirectlyfoun d,givenandtransmittedfromthepast.

10、”Thiswasthetraditionwhichrevolutionizedourappreciationofthepast.InplaceofThomasCarlyle,Britai nnurturedChristopherHill,EPThompsonandEricHobsbawm.Historyfrombelowstoodalongsidebiographi esofgreatmen.Wholenewrealmsofunderstanding-fromgendertoracetoculturalstudies-wereopenedupassc holarsunpickedthemult

11、iplicityoflostsocieties.Andittransformedpublichistorytoo:downstairsbecamejust asfascinatingasupstairs.Aemphasizedthevirtueofclassicalheroes41.Petrarchhighlightedthepublicgloryoftheleadingartists.42.Niccol Machia velliCfocusedonepochalfigureswhoseliveswerehardtoimitate.43.SamuelSmilesDopenedupnewreal

12、msofunderstandingthemassesandtheirrecord fstruggle.Io44.ThomasCarlyleEheldthathistoryshould45.MarxandEngel sFdismissedvirtueasunnecessaryforsuccessfulleaders.Gdepictedtheworthylivesofengineerindustrialistsandexplorers.练习(二)DirectionsReadthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemostsuitables

13、ubheadingfromthelistA-Gfor eachnumberedparagraphs(41-45).Therearetwoextrasubheadingswhichyoudonotneedtouse.Markyouran swersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points) A.Besilly B.HavefunC.AskforhelpD.Expressyouremotions.E.Don' toverthinkitF.BeeasilypleasedG.NoticethingsActYourShoeSize,NotYourAge. ”'J|'

14、J(1)Asadults,itseemsthatwe ' reconstantlypursuinghappiness,oftenwithmixedresults.Yetchildrenappearto haveitdowntoanart-andforthemostparttheydon ' tneledlsiblooksortherapy.Instead,theylookaftertheir 、户云., :.：. iwellbeinginstinctivelyandusuallymoreeffectivelythanwedoasgrownups.Perhapsit' s

15、timetolearnafeonsfromthem. 41.(2)Whatdoesachilddowhenhe ' ssad?Hecries.Whenhe ' sangry?Heshouts.Scared?Probablyabitofboth.As wegrowup,welearntocontrolouremotionssotheyaremanageabanddon' tdictateourbehaviours,whichisin manywaysagoodthing.Buttoooftenwetakethisprocesstoofarandendupsuppressi

16、ngemotions,especiallyne gativeones.That ' saboutaseffectiveasbrushingdirtunderacarpetandcanevenmakeusill.Whatwefeelapprop riatelyandthen-again,likechildren-moveon. 42.AcoupleofChristmasesago,myyoungeststepdaughter,whowas9yearsoldatthetime,gotaSupermanT-shirtf orChristmas.Itcostlessthanafiverbuts

17、hewasoverjoyed,andcouldn' tbiggerhouseorbettercarwillbetl来源网络，仅供个人学习参考精心整理csilverbulletthatwillallowustofina11ybecontent,buttherealityisthesethingshavelittlelastingimpactonourh appiness1eve1s.Instead,beinggratefu1forsma11thingseverydayisamuchbetterwaytoimprovewe11being. 43.Haveyouevernoticedhowm

18、uchchildrenlaugh?Ifweadultscouldindulgeinabitofsillinessandgiggling,wew ouldreducethestresshormonesinourbodies,increasegoodhormoneslikeendorphins,improvebloodflowtoo urheartsandeverhaveagreaterchanceoffightingoffinfection.Allofwhichwould,ofcourse,haveapositiveeff ectonourhappinesslevels. 44.Theprobl

19、emwithbeingagrownupisthatthere ' sanawfullotofseriousstufftodeowoith,mortgagepayme nts,figuringoutwhattocookfordinner.Butasadultswealsohavetheluxuryofbeingabletocontrolourowndiari esandit ' simportantthatwescheduleintimetoenjoythethingwelove.Thosethingsmightbesociatjspocre ativeorcompletelyr

20、andom(dancingaroundthelivingroom,anyone?)-tdoesn ' tmatter,solongasthey ' reenjo yable,andnotlikelytohavenegativesideeffects,suchasdrinkingtoomuchalcoholorgoingonawildspendings preeifyou ' reonatightbudget. 45.Havingsaidalloftheabove,it ' simportanttoaddthatweshouldn ' ttrytoohar

21、dtobehappy.Scientiststellusthi nbackfireandactuallyhaveanegativeimpactonourwellbeing.AstheChinesephilosopherChuangTzuisrepor tedtohavesaid:" Happinessistheabsenceofstrivingforhappiness." Anweithatjoncektote,eexampleofourchildren,towhomhappinessisnotagoalbutanaturalbyproductofthewaytheylive

22、.练习(三)Directions:Youaregoingtoreadalistofheadingsandatext.ChoosethemostsuitableheadingfromthelistA-Fforeach numberedparagraph(41-45).MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)ALivelikeapeasant BBalanceyourdiet CShopkeepersareyourfriends DRemembertotreatyourself ESticktowhatyouneed FPlanningisevervthin

23、g GWastenot,wantnot ThehugelypopularblogtheSkintFoodiechronicleshowTonybalanceshisloveofgoodfoodwithlivingonbenefits.Afterbills,Tonyhas£ 60aweektospendf 40ofwhichgoesonfood,but10yearsagohewasearning£ 130,000aIyearworkingincorporatecommunicationsandeatingatLondon'sbetftrestaurants'&

24、quot;atleasttwiceaweek.Thenhismarriagefailed,hiscareerburnedoutandhisdrinkingbecameserious."Thecommunitymenta lhealthteamsavedmylife.AndIfeltlikethatagain,toacertaindegree,whenpeoplerespondedtotheblogsowell. ItgavemethevalidationandconfidencethatI'dlost.Butit'sstilladay-by-daything.&quo

25、t;Nowhe'slivinginacouncilf latandfieldingoffersfromliteraryagents.He'sfeelingpositive,buthe'llcarryonblogging-notabouteatingasch 来源网络，仅供个人学习参考精心整理eaplyasyoucan-"therearesomanypeopleinamuchworsestate,withbarelyanymoneytospendonfood"-butea tingwellonabudget.Here'shisadvicefor

26、economicalfoodies.41.Impulsivespendingisn'tanoption,soplanyourweek'smenuinadvance,makingshoppinglistsforyouring redientsintheirexactquantities.IhaveanExceltemplateforaweekofbreakfast,lunchanddinner.Stoplaughin g:it'snotjustcosteffectivebuthelpsyoubalanceyourdiet.It'salsoagoodideatosh

27、opdailyinsteadofweekly,bec ause,being-human,you'llsometimeschangeyourmindaboutwhatyoufancy.42Thisiswheresupermarketsandthci;anonymitycomeinhandy.Withthem,there'snotthesameembarrass mentaswhenbuyingonecarrotinalittlegreengrocer.Andifyouplanproperly,you'llknowthatyouonlyneed,sa y,350gofshi

28、nofbeefandsixrashersofbacon,notwhateverweightispre-packedinthesupermarketchiller.43Youmayproudlyclaimtoonlyhavefrozenpeasinthefreezer-that'snotgoodenough.Mineisfilledwithleft overs,bread,stock,meatandfish.Planningaheadshouldeliminatewastage,butifyouhavesurplusvegetablesy ou'lldoavegetablesou

29、p,andallfruitsthreateningto"gooffwillbecookedorjuiced.44Everyonesaysthis,butitreallyisatoptipforfrugaleaters.Shopatbutchers,delisandfish-sellersregularly, evenforsmallthings,andbesuperfriendly.Soonyou'llfeelcomfortableaskingifthey'veanyknucklesofhamfo rsoupsandstews,orbeefbones,chickenc

30、arcassesandfishheadsforstockwhich,moreoftenthannot,Theyillet youhaveforfree.?45Youwon'tbeeatingoutalot,butsaveyourpenniesandonceeveryfewmonthstreatyourselftoasetlunchata goodrestaurant£ 1.75aweekforthreemonthsgivesyou£ 21-morethan"enoughforathree-courselunchatMichelin-starredArbut

31、us.It'S 16.95there-or£ 12.99foralargepizzafromDomino's:IknowwhichI'drathereat.练习(四)Directions:Readthefollowingtextanddecidewhethereachofthestatementsistrueorfalse.ChooseTifthestatementistrueorFitthestatementisnottrue.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(1 0points)CopyingBirdsMaySaveAircra

32、ftFuel来源网络，仅供个人学习参考精心整理BOTHBoeingandAirbushavetrumpetedtheefficiencyoftheirnewestaircraft,the787and A350respectively.Theircleverdesignsandlightweightcompositescertainlymakeadifferenc e.ButagroupofresearchersatStanfordUniversity,ledbyIlanKroo,hassuggestedthatairlinesc ouldtakeamorenaturalisticapproac

33、htocuttingjet-fueluse,anditwouldnotrequirethemtobuy newaircraft.Theanswer,saysDrKroo,lieswithbirds.Since1914,andaseminalpaperbyaGermanresea rchercalledCarlWieselsberger,scientistshaveknownthatbirdsflyinginformation- aV-sha pe,echelonorotherwise- expendlessenergy.Theairflowingoverabirdswingscurlsupwa

34、rds behindthewingtips,aphenomenonknownasupwash.Otherbirdsflyingintheupwashexperie ncereduceddrag,andspendlessenergypropellingthemselves.PeterLissaman,anaeronautics expertwhowasformerlyatCaltechandtheUniversityofSouthernCalifornia,hassuggestedtha taformationof25birdsmightenjoyarangeincreaseof71%.When

35、appliedtoaircraft,theprinciplesarenotsubstantiallydifferent.DrKrooandhisteam modelledwhatwouldhappenifthreepassengerjetsdepartingfromLosAngeles,SanFrancisco andLasVegasweretorendezvousoverUtah,assumeaninvertedV-formation,occasionallysw applacessoallcouldhaveaturninthemostfavourablepositions,andproce

36、edtoLondon.Theyfo undthattheaircraftconsumedasmuchas15%lessfuel(withaconcomitantreductionincarbon- dioxideoutput).Nitrogen-oxideemissionsduringthecruisingportionsoftheflightfellbyarou ndaquarter.Thereare,ofcourse,kinkstobeworkedout.Oneconsiderationissafety,oratleastthepercep tionofit.Wouldpassengers

37、feelcomfortabletravellinginconvoy?DrKroopointsoutthattheair craftcouldbeseparatedbyseveralnauticalmiles,andwouldnotbeintheunnervinglycosygroupingsfavouredbydisplayteamsliketheRedArrows.Apassengerpeeringoutofthewindowmi ghtnotevenseetheotherplanes.Whethertheseparationdistancesinvolvedwouldsatisfyair-

38、tr affic-controlregulationsisanothermatter,althoughaworkinggroupattheInternationalCivil Aviation.Organisationhasincludedthepossibilityofformationflyinginablueprintfornewop erationalguidelines.wakeswilldecaymorequiItremainstobeseenhowweatherconditionsaffecttheairflowsthatmakeformationflightm oreeffic

39、ient.Inzonesofincreasedturbulence,theplanes eeffectwilldiminish.DrKroosaysthisisoneoftheareashisteamwillinvestigatefurther.Itmightalsobehardforairlinestoco-ordinatethedeparturetimesanddestinationsofpassengeraircraftinawaythatwouldallowthemtogainfromformationflight.Cargoaircraft,incontrast,mightbe ea

40、siertoreschedule,asmightroutinemilitaryflights.Asithappens,America ' sarmedforcesareonthecasealready.EarlierthisyearthecountryDefenceAdvancedResearchProjectsAgencyannouncedplanstopayBoeingtoinvestigatefor mationflight,thoughtheprogrammehasyettobegin.Therearereportsthatsomemilitaryaircraftflewinf

41、ormationwhentheywerelowonfuelduringthesecondworldwar,butDrLissamansay verBerlin, “ headds.Soheshouldknow.stheyareapocryphal.MyfatherwasanRAFpilotandmycousintheskiLiaecafsterlosto41.FindingsoftheStanfordUniversityresearcherswillpromotethesalesofnewBoeingan dAirbusaircraft.42.Theupwashexperiencemaysav

42、epropellingenergyaswellasreducingresistance.43.Formationflightismorecomfortablebecausepassengerscannotseetheotherplanes.44.Therolethatweatherplaysinformationflighthasnotyetbeenclearlydefined.45.IthasbeendocumentedthatduringWorldWarII,America' sarmedforcesoncetriemationflighttosavefuel.练习(五)Direc

43、tions：Readthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbyfindinginformationfromtherightcolumnt hatcorrespondstoeachofthemarkeddetailsgivenintheleftcolumn.Therearetwoextrachoices intherightcolumn.MarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1. (10points)Leadingdoctorstodayweighinonthedebateoverthegovernment' ingpUinipromo

44、tchealthbydemandingthatministersimpose “fattaxes “ onunhealthyfoodandintroduce te-stylewarningstochildrenaboutthedangersofapoordiet.Thedemandsfollowcommentsmadelastweekbythehealthsecretary,AndrewLansley,w hoinsistedthegovernmentcouldnotforcepeopletomakehealthychoicesandpromisedtofreeb usinessesfromp

45、ublichealthregulations.Butseniormedicalfigureswanttostopfast-foodoutletsopeningnearschools,restrictadver tisingofproductshighinfat,saltorsugar,andlimitsponsorshipofsportseventsbyfast-foodpro ducerssuchasMcDonald ' s.TheyarguethatgovernmentactionisnecessarytocurbBritain' saddictiontounhezdand

46、helphaltspiralingratesofobesity,diabetesandheartdisease.ProfessorTerenceStephens on,presidentoftheRoyalCollegeofPaediatricsandChildHealth,saidthattheconsumptionofu nhealthyfoodshouldbeseentobejustasdamagingassmokingorexcessivedrinking.“Thirtyyearsagojtwouldhavebeeninconceivabletohaveimaginedabanonsm

47、okinginth eworkplaceorinpubs,andyetthatiswhatwehavenow.Arewewillingtobejustascourageousin来源网络，仅供个人学习参考精心整理 respectofobesity?Iwouldsuggesttatweshouldbe, “ saidtheleaderoftheUK ' schildren ' f ors.Lansleyhasalarmedhealthcampaignersbysuggestinghewantsindustryratherthangover nmenttotakethelead.H

48、esaidthatmanufacturersofcrispsandcandiescouldplayacentralrolein theChange4Lifecampaign,thecenterpieceofgovernmenteffortstoboosthealthyeatingandfi tness.HehasalsocriticizedthecelebritychefJamieOliver-profileattem pstoighproveschoollunchesinEnglandasanexampleofhow “lecturing ” peoplewasnotthebestwayto

49、ch heirbehaviour.StphensonsuggestedpotentialrestrictionscouldincludebanningTVadvertisementsforf oodshighinfat,saltorsugarbefore9pmandlimitingthemonbillboardsorincinemas, ereallybold,wemightevenbegintothinkofhigh-caloriefastfoodinthesamewayascigarettes- bysettingstrictlimitsonadvertising,productplace

50、mentan(sponsorshipofsportsevents,“ hesaid.SuchamovecouldaffectfirmssuchasMcDonald ' s,whichsponsorstheyouthcoachingru bytheFootballAssociation.Fastfoodchainsshouldalsostopoffering a inducements ” such oys,cuteanimalsandmobilephonecredittolureyoungcustomers,Stephensonsaid.ProfessorDineshBhugra,pr

51、esidentoftheRoyalCollegeofPsychiatrists,said: aretaughtabouttheimpactthatfoodhasontheirgrowth,andthatsomethingscanharm,atleastin formationisavailableupfront.”Healsourgedcouncilstoimpose-foofseezones ” arounoocsandhospitals-areaswithinwhichtakeawayscannotopen.来源网络，仅供个人学习参考精心整理ADepartmentofHealthspoke

52、spersonsaid:" Weneedtocreateanewvisionforpublicheahwhereallofsocietyworkstogethertogethealthyandlivelonger.Thisincludescreatinganew esponsibilitydeal ' withpublishawhitepapersettingoutexactlyhowwewillachievethis.Thefoodindustrywillbealarmedthatsuchseniordoctorsbacksuchradicalmoves,especial

53、lythecalltousesomeofthetoughtacticsthathavebeendeployedagainstsmokingoverthelastde cade.A "fattaxes " shouldbeir nfast-foodproducerssuchasMcDona ld ' s.mposedo1 7I'二'41.AndrewLansleyheldthatBthegovernmentshouldbanfas1-foodoutletsintheneighborhoodofsc hools.|42.TerenceStephenson

54、agreedthatrX、三 iC a lecturing ” wasaneffe ytoimproveschoollunchesinEngland .ctivewa43.JamicOliverseemedtobelievethatDcigarette-stylewarningsshouldbeintroducedtochildrenabouttheda'jngersofapoordiet.44.DineshBhugrasuggestedthatEtheproducersofcrispsandcan(:liescouldcontributesignificantlytotheChang

55、e4Lifecampaign.45.ADepartmentofHealthspokeFparentsshouldsetgoodexamppersonproposedthatesfortheirchildrenbykeepingahealthydietathome.Gthegovernmentshouldstrengt henthesenseofresponsibilityamongb usinesses.练习（六）PartBDirections：Readthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemostsuitablesubheadin

56、gfro mthelistA-Gforeachnumberedparagraph(41-45).Therearetwoextrasubheadingswhichyou donotneedtouse.MakeyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)AYouarenotaloneBExperiencehelpsyougrowCPaveyourownuniquepathDMostofyourfearsareunrealEThinkaboutthepresentmomentFDon' tfearresponsibilityforyourlifeGTherea

57、remanythingstobegratefulforSomeOldTruthstoHelpYouOvercomeToughTimesUnfortunately,lifeisnotabedofroses.Wearegoingthroughlifefacingsadexperiences.Mo reover,wearegrievingvariouskindsofloss:afriendship,romanticrelationshiporahouse.Hardtimesmayholdyoudownatwhatusuallyseemslikethemostinopportunetime,butyo

58、ushouldrememberthattheywon ' tlastforever.Whenourtimeofmourningisover,wepressforward,strongerwithagreaterunderstanding'velearnedalongtheandrespectforlife.Furthermore,theselossesmakeusmatureandeventuallymoveustowardfut ureopportunitiesforgrowthandhappiness.IwanttosharetheseotruthsI way.41.Fea

59、risbothusefulandharmful.Thisnormalhumanreactionisusedtoprotectusbysignaling dangerandpreparingustodealwithit.Unfortunately,peoplecreateinnerbarrierswithahelpofe xaggeratingfears.MyfavoriteactorWillSmithoncesaid, “Fearisnotreal.Itisaproductofthoug htsyoucreate.Donotmisunderstandme.Dangerisveryreal.Butfearisachoice." Idyagreethatfearsarejusttheproductofourluxuriantimagination. 42. Ifyouar