情态动词用法归类实例解析

1、山西古县一中英语组 高继英 042400 常见情态动词用法及考点归类实例解析情态动词的用法是英语语法中的一个重要组成部分，用来表示说话人对动作或状态的各 种观点和态度，可以表示能力、必要、猜测、意愿或怀疑等。情态动词有一定的意思，但不 完全， 需和一定的动词原形一起构成谓语， 它们在语义功能上经常出现相互交叉的现象。 而 且这几年随着高考改革越来越侧重于 “突出语篇，强调应用，注重交际 ”，情态动词由于其本 身的功能作用，也就成了历年各地高考中的 “常客 ”。本文将结合高考例题，让同学们 “身临 其境 ”地来感悟情态动词的语义功能。一： can/could 考例 1：1) What a pit

2、y! Considering his ability and experience, he better.(08 年江西 )A. need have done B. must have done C. can have done D. might have done2) You don t have to know the name of the author to fidn a book. You find the book by thetitle. (08 年湖南)A. must B. need C. can D. would3) The fire spread through the h

3、otel very quickly but everyone get out.(97 年全国 )A. had to B. would C. could D. was able to 答案：1) C 2)C 3) D 归纳： can/could 可以用来表示一种泛指的能力，意思为 “能够 ”， could 是 can 的过去时形式。如果 要表示特指某一次具体做某事的能力常用be able to。 can/could have done 可以表示过去本来有能力做某事。例如：I can swim across the river easily. But today I am so tired tha

4、t Iross itm. not able to swim ac考例 2：1) -Mum, I vebeen studying English since 8 o clock.I go out and play with Tomfor a while?- No, I mafraid not. Besides, it is raining outside now.(04 年辽宁 )A. Can t B. Wouldn tC. May notD. won t2) A left-luggage office is a place where bags be left for a short time

5、, especially ata railway station.(03 年全国 )A. should B. can C. must D. will 答案：1) A 2) B 归纳： can 和 could 都可以用来表示请求或许可，在疑问句中表示请求时，使用 could 比 can 语气 更加婉转而没有时态之分；不过在表示许可的回答中之用can而不用could。例如：-Could/Can I use your dictionary for a while?-Yes, you can.考例 3：1) Peterbe really difficult at times even though h

6、e s a nice p年辽宁i general.(08A. shallB. shouldC. canD. must2) It is usually warm in my hometown in March, but it be rather cold sometimes.(08 年福建)A. must B. can C. should D. would3) The World Wide Web is sometimes jokingly called the World Wide Wait because it be every slow.(05 年浙江 )A. should B. must

7、 C. will D. can 答案：1)C 2) B 3)D归纳： can/could 用在肯定句中可以表示一中发生几率不大的可能性。例如：Some things in the home can be dangerous, especially if you have young children. 考例 4：1) You be hungry already-you had lunch only two hours ago!(08 年浙江 )A. wouldn t B. can t C. mustn t D. needn t2) She have left school, for her b

8、ike is still here.(08 年天津 )A. can t B. wouldn t C. shouldn t D. needn t3) My MP4 player isn t in my bag. WhereI have pi(07?年福建)A. canB. mustC. should D. would答案：1) B 2) A 3) A归纳：can 和 coild 常用在疑问句和否定句中表示推测语气，意思为 “可能 ”，如果是表示对过去事 情的推测时常用 can/coild have done 形式。例如：The man can t be oir new headmaster be

9、caise he looks so yoing.He coildn t have finished the work when I metmhi jist now.考例 5：1) Mr. Smith is on time for everything. How it be that he was late for the openingceremony.(01 年上海春 )A. can B. shoild C. may D. mist2) How yoi say that yoi really inderstand the whole story if yoi have covered onl

10、ypart of the article.(03 年上海 )A. can B. mist C. need D. may答案：1) A 2) A归纳：can/coild 都可以用在疑问句中来表示惊奇、 怀疑的语气， 此时二者没有时态区别， 不过 coild 的语气比 can 婉转。例如：How coild he so careless that he made the same mistake again?此外， can/coild 还经常用在下列短语中：can t help doin情不自禁，忍不住cannot help bit do 不得不can tto再也不为过；越越好t help cry

11、ing.例如：At the news that they had won the final game, the players coildn I coildn t help bit walk home when my bike was broken.You cannot be too careful when crossing the road.二： may/might考例 1：-I hear you vegot a set of valuable Australian coins. I have a look?-Yes, certainly. （02 年春 ）A. Do B. May C.

12、 Will D. Should答案：B归纳：may/might 可以用在疑问句中表示求对方的许可。此时二者没有时态区分，不过使用 might比may语气婉转。肯定回答时用may，否定回答时用 mustn t例如：-May I watch TV after I finish my homework?-Yes, you may.- No, you mustn t.考例 2：1）Although this sound like a simple task, great care is needed.（08 年四川 ）A. must B. mayC. shallD. should2）-Where is

13、 my dictionary? I remember I put it here yesterday.-You it in the wrong place.（07 年江西 ）A. must put B. should have put C. might put D. might have put3）-Are you going to the lecture tomorrow afternoon?-I mnot sure now. I go to Prof. Black cslass instead.（07 年北京 ）A. mightB. wouldC. should D. must答案：1）B

14、 2）D 3） A归纳：may/might 可以用来表示推测语气，不过语气比较弱；如果表示对过去事情的推测时要用may/might have done的形式；may not的意思为 可能不”比cannot（不可能）语气弱。例如：I may pay a visit to our former English teacher, but I mnot sure.此外，may还可以用来表示祝愿语气，以及构成短语 may as well do:最好做；不妨做 。例如：May you be happy forever!In my opinion, you may as well ask for his a

15、dvice.三： must考例 1：1）In crowded places like airports and railway stations, you take care of your luggage.（07 年北京 ）A. canB. mayC. mustD.will2） Tom, youleave all yourclothes on thefloorlike this.（05 年全国 I）A. wouldn t B. mustn tC. needn tD.may not3） -Must hecome to sign thispaper himself?-Yes, he _.（06

16、年广东 ）A. needB. mustC. mayD.will答案：1) C 2) B 3) B归纳：must 可以用来表示命令 ,禁止的意思， 语气强烈，常译为 “必须、一定 ”；.它的否定形式 mustn t 译为 “不可、禁止；千万不要 ”。回答 must 的提问时，肯定意思可以用must ，否定回答常用needn 或 don t have。例女口 ：Must I return the book before tomorrow?-Yes, you must.-No, you needn t/ don t have to.考例 2：1）-May I smoke here?-If you ,

17、 choose a seat in the smoking section.（06 年山东 ）A. shouldB. could C. may D. must2）John, look at the time. you play the piano at such a late hour?（05 年全国川）A. MustB. CanC. May D. Need答案：1） D 2） A归纳：must 可以表示发生了与说话人愿望相反的事，常译为 “偏偏、偏要 ”。例如：Naturally, when I tell him what to do, he must go and do the oppos

18、ite. 考例 3：1）The teacher have thought Johnson was worth it or she wouldn t have wasted time on him,I suppose.（07 年安徽 ）A. shouldB. canC. wouldD. must2）-Guess what! I have got A for my term paper.-Great! You read widely and put a lot of work into it.（07 年上海 ）A. mustB. shouldC. must have D. should have答

19、案：1) D 2) C归纳：must 可以用在肯定句中表示推测语气，语气最为肯定，意思为一定，否定句和疑问句中用 can/could 代替；如表示推过去事情的最肯定推测时用 must have done 形式。例如：You must have suffered a lot when you traveled alone across the desert.四： shall考例 1：1) -Wh at s the name?-Khulaifi. I spell that for you?(06 年北京 )A. ShallB. WouldC. Can D. Might2) -The room is

20、 so dirty. we clean it?-Of course. (03 年北京春 )A. Will B. Shall C. Would D. Do答案：1) A 2) B归纳：shall 可以用在在疑问句中与第一、三人称连用，用来表示征求意见或请求指示。例如：-We need a person very much to think up such an idea.-Shall the new engineer have a try? 考例 2：1) -What does the sign over there read?-“ No person smoke or carry a ligh

21、ted cigarette, cigar or pipe in this area. 年四川 )”(07A. will B. may C. shall D. must2) -excuse me, but I want to use your computer to type a report.- You have my computer if you don take care of it. (04 年湖南 )A. shan tB. might not C. needn t D. shouldn t答案： 1)C 2)A 归纳： shall 可以用在陈述句中与第二、三人称连用，表示给对方命令、

22、警告或威胁的语气。例如： You shall never open the box without my permission.此外，shall还可以用来构成以 Let s开头的反义疑问句。例如：Let hsave a rest, shall we?五： should考例 1：1) -I think Ill give Bob a ring.-You. You have n t been in touch with him for ages.(06年江苏)A. will B. mayC. have toD. should2) I often seen lights in that empty h

23、ouse. Do you think I report it to the police?(04 年广西 )A. should B. may C. will D. can 答案：1) D 2) A 归纳： should 可以用来表示劝告、建议，常译为 “应当，应该”，表示一种义务上的责任，相当于 o ught to。例如：You should spare time to pay a visit to your parents every week.考例 2：1) -Hows your tour around the North Lake? Is it beautiful?-It be, but

24、 it is now heavily polluted.(07 年全国 )A. will B. wouldC. should D. must2) There be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practiced a lotin the driving school.(05 年上海 )A. mustn t B. shant C. shouldn t D. neednt 答案：1) C 2) C 归纳：should可以表示按正常情况估计要发生的事，常译为按理应当”、估计”。例如：Your photo shoul

25、d be ready by 12 p.m. if things goes smoothly. 考例 3：fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.(06 年湖北 )A. Would you beB. Should be youC. Could you beD. Might you be答案： B 归纳：在 if 引导的条件状语从句中表示对将来事情的虚拟时，可用should do ，should 不可省去，但可以省掉 if 而将 should 提前；同时在表示建议、请求、命令的动词或名词后

26、的从句中以 及 important, necessary, strange，natural 等形容词后的从句中在谓语动词常用should do ，此时should 可以省略。It is necessary that everyone in this school (should) learn a second language.He suggested that a doctor (should) be sent for at once. 考例 4：1) I told your friend how to get to the hotel, but perhaps I have driven

27、her there.(07 年陕西 )A. could B. must C. should D. would2) -I m sorry. I at you the other day.-Forget it. I was a bit out of control of myself.(08 年江苏 )A. shouldn t shout B. shouldn t have shoutedC. mustn t shoutD. mustn t have shouted答案： 1) C 2) B 归纳：should 与 have done 连用，表示与过去事实相反并含有明显的对他人或自己抱怨或责备的语

28、 气，意思为 本应该做(而实际上却没有做)”。例如：The tree is dead. You should have watered it more often.六： will/would考例 1：1) John promised his doctor he _not smoke, and he never smoked ever since.(08 年北京 )A. might B. should C. could D. would2) -Mr. Gordon asked me to remind you of the meeting this afternoon. Don t you fo

29、rget it!-Ok, I .(06 年重庆 )A. won tB. don tC. will D. do3) -Write to me when you get home.-.(01 年春 )A. I must B. I shouldC. I willD. I can答案：1) D 2)A 3)C归纳：will/would 可以表示意志，意愿，常用来构成祈使句的反意疑问句。例如：I can let you look at the photo if you will wait a little longer.Let us have a rest, will you?考例 2：When he

30、was there, he go to that coffee shop at the corner after work every day.(96 年上海 )A. would B. should C. had better D. might答案：A归纳：will 可以用来表示习惯性、规律性的动作，常译为 “总是，一惯 ”，would 表示过去的习惯；此时will的否定形式won t常用来表示某事物发生了令人不愉快的事情。例如：Fish will die without water.The door won t open every time I hurry to get in.此外， will/would 还可以用在疑问句中和第二人称连用，表示征求意见，二者没有时态之分，不过使用 wo