2016年12月大学英语四级(第一套)真题

1、2016年12月大学英语四级（第一套）真题2016年12月大学英语四级真题（卷一）PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessay.Supposeyouhavetwooptionsupongraduation:oneistoworkinastate-ownedbusinessandtheotherinajointventure.Youaretomakeachoicebetweenthetwo.Writeanessaytoexplainthereasonsforyourchoice

2、.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.PartnListeningComprehension(25minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreenewsreports.Attheendofeachnewsreport,youwillheartwoorthreequestions.Boththenewsreportandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebe

3、stanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions1to2arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.1. A)Itwasdangeroustolivein.C)Hecouldnolongerpaytherent.B)Itwasgoingtoberenovated.D)Hehadsoldittotheroyalfamily.2. A)Astrik

4、e.C)Aforestfire.8) Astorm.D)Aterroristattack.Questions3to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.3. A)Theylostcontactwiththeemergencydepartment.B) Theyweretrappedinanundergroundelevator.C) Theywereinjuredbysuddenlyfallingrocks.D) Theysentcallsforhelpviaaportableradio.4. A)Theytriedhardtorepairthe

5、elevator.B) Theyreleasedthedetailsoftheaccident.C) Theysentsuppliestokeeptheminerswarm.D) Theyprovidedtheminerswithfoodandwater.Questions5to7arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.5. A)Raisepostagerates.B) Improveitsservices.C) Redesigndeliveryroutes.D) Closesomeofitspostoffices.6. A)Shorteningbu

6、sinesshours.B) Closingofficesonholidays.C) StoppingmaildeliveryonSaturdays.D) Computerizingmailsortingprocesses.7. A)Manypostofficestaffwilllosetheirjobs.B) Manypeoplewillbegintocomplain.C) Taxpayerswillbeverypleased.D) Alotofcontroversywillarise.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongco

7、nversations.Attheendofeachconversationyouwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationsandthequestion-swillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions8to11areb

8、asedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.8. A)Hewillbekeptfrompromotion.B) Hewillgothroughretraining.C) Hewillbegivenawarning.D) Hewilllosepartofhispay.9. A)Heisalwaysontime.B) Heisatrustworthyguy.C) Heisanexperiencedpressoperator.D) Heisongoodtermswithhisworkmates.10. A)Sheisatradeunionrepresentative.

9、B) Sheisinchargeofpublicrelations.C) Sheisaseniormanageroftheshop.D) Sheisbetterathandlingsuchmatters.11. A)Heisskilledandexperienced.B) Heisveryclosetothemanager.C) Heisalwaystryingtostiruptrouble.D) Heisalwayscomplainingaboutlowwages.Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.12. A)O

10、pen.B) Selfish.C) Friendly.D) Reserved.13. A)Theystayquiet.B) Theyreadabook.C) Theytalkabouttheweather.D) Theychatwithfellowpassengers.14. A)Shewasalwaystreatedasaforeigner.B) ShewaseagertovisitanEnglishcastle.C) Shewasneverinvitedtoacolleague'shome.D) Shewasunwillingtomakefriendswithworkmates.1

11、5. A)Housesaremuchmorequiet.B) Housesprovidemoreprivacy.C) Theywanttohavemorespace.D) Theywantagardenoftheirown.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreepassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youm

12、ustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions16to18arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.16. A)Theydon'thavemuchchoiceofjobs.B) Theyarelikelytogetmuchhigherpay.C) Theydon'thavetogothroughj

13、obinterviews.D) Theywillautomaticallybegivenhiringpriority.17. A)Asktheirprofessorsforhelp.B) Lookatschoolbulletinboards.C) Visittheschoolcareersservice.D) Gothroughcampusnewspapers.18. A)Helpingstudentsfindthebooksandjournalstheyneed.B) Supervisingstudyspacestoensureaquietatmosphere.C) Helpingstude

14、ntsarrangeappointmentswithlibrarians.D) Providingstudentswithinformationaboutthelibrary.Questions19to21arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.19. A)Ittastesbetter.B) Itiseasiertogrow.C) Itmaybesoldatahigherprice.D) Itcanbettersurviveextremeweathers.20. A)Itishealthierthangreentea.B) Itcangrowindr

15、iersoil.C) Itwillreplacegreenteaoneday.D) Itisimmunetovariousdiseases.21. A)Ithasbeenwellreceivedbymanyteadrinkers.B) Itdoesnotbringthepromisedhealthbenefits.C) Ithasmadeteafarmers'lifeeasier.D) Itdoesnothaveastablemarket.Questions22to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.22. A)Theyneeddec

16、orationstoshowtheirstatus.B) Theypreferuniqueobjectsofhighquality.C) Theydecoratetheirhomesthemselves.D) Theycaremoreaboutenvironment.23. A)Theywereproudoftheircreations.B) Theycouldonlytrytocreateatnight.C) Theymadegreatcontributionstosociety.D) Theyfocusedonthequalityoftheirproducts.24. A)Makewise

17、choices.B) Identifyfakecrafts.C) Designhandicraftsthemselves.D) Learntheimportanceofcreation.25. A)Toboostthelocaleconomy.B) Toattractforeigninvestments.C) Toarousepublicinterestincrafts.D) Topreservethetraditionalculture.PartmReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisap

18、assagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Y

19、oumaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Manymenandwomenhavelongboughtintotheideathatthereare“male”and“femalebrains,believingthatexplainsjustabouteverydifferencebetweenthesexes.Anewstudy26thatbelief,questioningwhetherbrainsreallycanbedistinguishedbygender.Inthestudy,TelAvivUniversityresearchers

20、27forsexdifferencestheentirehumanbrain.Andwhatdidtheyfind?Notmuch.Ratherthan offer evidence for 28_ brains asmaleor“female,"researchshowsthatbrainsfallintoawiderange,withmostpeoplefallingrightinthemiddle.DaphnaJoel,wholedthestudy,saidherresearchfoundthatwhiletherearesomegender-based29,manydiffe

21、renttypesofbraincan'talwaysbedistinguishedbygender.Whilethe“average"maleand“averagefemalebrainswere30different,youcouldn'ttellitbylookingatindividualbrainscans.Onlyasmall3ofpeoplehad-maeor“a-female"characteristics.LarryCahill,anAmericanneuroscientist(神经科学家),saidthestudyisanimportan

22、tadditiontoagrowingbodyofresearchquestioning32beliefsaboutgenderandbrainfunction.Buthecautionedagainstconcludingfromthisstudythatallbrainsarethesame,33一ofgender.“There'samountainofevidence34theimportanceofsexinfluencesatalllevelsofbrainfunction,"hetoldTheSeattleTimes.Ifanything,hesaid,thest

23、udy35thatgenderplaysaveryimportantroleinthebrain“evenwhenwearenotclearexactlyhow.A) abnormalI)regardlessB) appliedJ)searchedC) brieflyK)similaritiesD) categorizingL)slightlyE) challengesM)suggestsF) figureN)tastesG) percentageO)traditionalH) provingSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreada

24、passagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.CanBurglarsJamYourWi

25、relessSecuritySystem?AAnyproductthatpromisestoprotectyourhomedeservescarefulexamination.Soitisn'tsurprisingthatyou'llfindplentyofstrongopinionsaboutthepotentialvulnerabilitiesofpopularhome-securitysystems.BThemostlikelytypeofburglary（入室盗窃）byfaristheunsophisticatedcrimeofopportunity,usuallyin

26、volvingabrokenwindoworsomeforcedentry.AccordingtotheFBI,crimesliketheseaccountedroughlytwo-thirdsofallhouseholdburglariesintheUSin2013.Thewidemajorityoftherestwereillegal,unforcedentriesthatresultedfromsomethinglikeawindowbeingleftopen.Theoddsofacriminalusingtechnicalmeanstobypassasecuritysystemares

27、osmallthattheFBIdoesn'teventrackthosestatistics.COneofthemaintheoreticalhome-securityconcernsiswhetherornotagivensystemisvulnerabletobeingblockedfromworkingaltogether.Withwiredsetups,thefearisthataburglar（入室盗贼）mightbeabletoshutyoursystemdownsimplybycuttingtherightcable.Withawirelesssetup,youstic

28、kbattery-poweredsensorsuparoundyourhomethatkeepaneyeonwindows,doors,motion,andmore.Iftheydetectsomethingwrongwhilethesystemisarmed,they'lltransmitawirelessalertsignaltoabasestationthatwillthenraisethealarm.Thatapproachwilleliminatemostcord-cuttingconcernsbutwhatabouttheirwirelessequivalent,jammi

29、ng?Withtherightdevicetunedtotherightfrequency,what'stostopathieffromjammingyoursetupandblockingthatalertsignalfromeverreachingthebasestation?DJammingconcernsarenothingnew,andthey'renotuniquetosecuritysystems.Anydevicethat'sbuilttoreceiveawirelesssignalataspecificfrequencycanbeoverwhelmed

30、byastrongersignalcominginonthesamefrequency.Forcomparison,let'ssayyouwantedto"jamconversationbetweentwopeopleallyou'dneedtodoisyellinthelistener'sear.E SecuritydevicesarerequiredtolistthefrequenciestheybroadcastonthatmeansthatapotentialthiefcanfindwhattheyneedtoknowwithminimalGoogli

31、ng.Theywill,however,needsoknowwhatsystemthey'relookingfor.Ifyouhaveasigninyouryarddeclaringwhatsetupyouuse,that'dpointthemintherightdirection,thoughatthatpoint,we'retalkingaboutahighlytargeted,semi-sophisticatedattack,andnotthesortforced-entryattackthatmakesupthemajorityofburglaries.It&#

32、39;seasiertofindandacquirejammingequipmentforsomefrequenciesthanitisforothers.F Wirelesssecurityproviderswilloftentakestepstohelpcombatthethreatofjammingattacks.SimpliSafe,winnerofourEditor'sChoicedistinction,utilizesaspecialsystemthat'scapableofseparatingincidentalRFinterferencefromtargeted

33、jammingattacks.Whenthesystemthinksit'sbeingjammed,it'llnotifyyouviapushalert（推送警报）.Fromthere,it'suptoyoutosoundthealarmmanually.G SimpliSafewassingledoutinonerecentarticleonjamming,completewithavideoshowingtheentiresystembeingeffectivelybypassedwithhandheldjammingequipment.Aftertakingapp

34、ropriatemeasurestocontaintheRFinterferencetoourtestlab,wetestedtheattackoutforourselves,andwereabletoverifythatit'spossiblewiththerightequipment.However,wealsoverifiedthatSimpliSafe'santi-jammingsystemworks.Itcaughtusintheact,sentanalerttomysmartphone,andalsolistedourRFinterferenceonthesyste

35、m'seventlog.Theteambehindthearticleandvideoinquestionmakenomentionofthesystem,orwhetherornotindetectedthem.HWeliketheuniquenatureofthatsoftware.Itmeansthatathieflikelywouldn'tbeabletoGooglehowthesystemworks,thenfigureoutawayaroundit.Eveniftheycould,SimpliSafeclaimsthatitssystemisalwaysevolvi

36、ng,andthatitvariesslightlyfromsystemtosystem,whichmeanstherewouldn'tbeauniversalmagicformulaforcrackingit.Othersystemsalsoseemconfidentonthesubjectofjamming.TheteamatFrontpointaddressestheissueinablogonitssite,citingtheirownjamprotectionsoftwareandclaimingthattherearen'tanydocumentedcasesofs

37、uccessfuljamattacksincethecompanybeganofferingwirelesssecuritysensorsinthe1980s.I Jammingattacksareabsolutelypossible.Assaidbefore,withtherightequipmentandtherightknow-how,it'spossibletojamanywirelesstransmission.Buthowprobableisitthatsomeonewillsuccessfullyjamtheirwayintoyourhomeandstealyourstu

38、ff?J Let'simaginethatyouliveinasmallhomewithawirelesssecuritysetupthatoffersafunctionalanti-jammingsystem.First,athiefisgoingtoneedtotargetyourhome,specifically.Then,he'sgoingtoneedtoknowthetechnicaldetailsofyoursystemandacquirethespecificequipmentnecessaryforjammingyourspecificsetup.Presuma

39、bly,youkeepyourdoorslockedatnightandwhileyou'reaway.Sothethiefwillstillneedtobreakin.Thatmeansdefeatingthelocksomehow,orbreakingawindow.He'llneedtobejammingyouatthispoint,asabrokenwindoworopeneddoorwouldnormallyreleasethealarm.So,too,wouldthemotiondetectorsinyourhome,sothethiefwillneedtocont

40、inuejammingoncehe'sinsideandsearchingforthingstosteal.However,he'llneedtodosowithouttrippingtheanti-jammingsystem,thedetailsofwhichhealmostcertainlydoesnowhaveaccessto.KAttheendoftheday,thesekindsofsystemsareprimarilydesignedtoprotectagainstthesortofopportunisticsmash-and-grabattackthatmakes

41、upthemajorityofburglaries.They'realsoonlyasinglelayerinwhatshouldideallybeamany-sidedapproachtosecuringyourhome,onethatincludescommonsensethingslikesoundlocksandproperexteriorlightingatnight.Nosystemisimpenetrable,andnonecanpromisetoeliminatetheworstcasecompletely.Everyoneofthemhasvulnerabilitie

42、sthataknowledgeablethiefcouldtheoreticallyexploit.Agoodsystemisonethatkeepsthatworst-casesettingasimprobableaspossiblewhilealsoofferingstrongprotectionintheeventofaless-extraordinaryattack.36. Itispossibleforburglarstomakejammingattackswiththenecessaryequipmentandskill.37. Interferingwithawirelessse

43、curitysystemissimilartointerferingwithaconversation.38. Aburglarhastocontinuouslyjamthewirelesssecuritydevicetoavoidtriggeringthealarm,bothinsideandoutsidethehouse.39. SimpliSafeprovidesdevicesthatareabletodistinguishincidentalradiointerferencefromtargetedjammingattacks.40. Onlyaverysmallproportiono

44、fburglariesarecommittedbytechnicalmeans.41. ItisdifficulttocrackSimpliSafeasitssystemkeepschanging.42. Wirelessdeviceswilltransmitsignalssoastoactivatethealarmoncesomethingwrongisdetected.43. Differentmeasuresshouldbetakentoprotectone'shomefromburglaryinadditiontothewirelesssecuritysystem.44. Si

45、mpliSafe'sdevicecansendawarningtothehouseowner'scellphone.45. Burglarscaneasilygetasecuritydevice'sfrequencybyInternetsearch.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Yo

46、ushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Asapersonwhowritesaboutfoodanddrinkforaliving.Icouldn'ttellyouthefirstthingaboutBillPerryorwhetherthebeershesellsarethatgreat.ButIcantelly

47、outhatIlikethisguy.That'sbecauseheplanstobantippinginfavorofpayinghisserversanactuallivingwage.Ihatetipping.Ihateitbecauseit'sanobligationdisguisedasanoption.Ihateitforthepost-dinnermathitrequiresofme.Butmostly,IhatetippingbecauseIbelieveIwouldbeinabetterplaceifpaydecisionsregardingemployees

48、weresimplyleftuptotheiremployers,asisthecustominvirtuallyeveryotherindustry.Mostofyouprobablythinkthatyouhatetipping,too.Researchsuggestsotherwise.Youactuallylovetipping!Youliketofeelthatyouhaveavoiceinhowmuchmoneyyourservermakes.Nomatterhowthemathworksout,youpersistentlyviewrestaurantswithvoluntary

49、tippingsystemsasbeingabettervalue,whichmakesitextremelydifficultforrestaurantsandbarstodoawaywiththetippingsystem.Oneargumentthatyoutendtohearalotfromthepro-tippingcrowdseemslogicalenough:theserviceisbetterwhenwaitersdependontips,presumablybecausetheyseeabenefittosuccessfullyveilingtheircontemptfory

50、ou.Well,ifthisweretrue,wewouldallbeslippingafew100-dollarbillstoourdoctorsonthewayouttheirdoors,too.Butasitturnsout,waitersseeonlyatinybumpintipswhentheydoanexceptionaljobcomparedtoapassableone.Waiters,keenobserversofhumanitythattheyare,arecatchingontothis;inonepoll,afull30%saidtheydidn'tbelieve

51、thejobtheydidhadanyimpactonthetipstheyreceived.Socomeon,folks:getonboardwithditchingtheoutdatedtipsystem.Payalittlemoreupfrontforyourbeerorburger.SupportBillPerry'spub,andanyotherbarorrestaurantthatdoesn'taskyoutododrunkenmath.46. WhatcanwelearnaboutBillPerryfromthepassage?A) Herunsapubthats

52、ervesexcellentbeer.B) Heintendstogetridofthetippingpractice.C) Hegiveshisstaffaconsiderablesumfortips.D) Helivescomfortablywithoutgettinganytips.47. Whatisthemainreasonwhytheauthorhatestipping?A) Itsetsabadexampleforotherindustries.B) Itaddstotheburdenofordinarycustomers.C) Itforcesthecustomertocomp

53、ensatethewaiter.D) Itposesagreatchallengeforcustomerstodomath.48. Whydomanypeoplelovetippingaccordingtotheauthor?A) Theyhelpimprovethequalityoftherestaurantstheydinein.B) Theybelievewaitersdeservesuchrewardsforgoodservice.C) Theywanttopreserveawonderfultraditionoftheindustry.D) Theycanhavesomesayinh

54、owmuchtheirserversearn.49. Whathavesomewaiterscometorealizeaccordingtoasurvey?A) Servicequalityhaslittleeffectontipsize.B) Itisinhumanmaturetotrytosaveontips.C) Tipsmakeitmoredifficulttopleasecustomers.D) Tipsbenefitthebossratherthattheemployees.50. Whatdoestheauthorargueforinthepassage?A) Restauran

55、tsshouldcalculatethetipsforcustomers.B) Customersshouldpaymoretipstohelpimproveservice.C) Waitersdeservebetterthanjustrelyingontipsforaliving.D) Waitersshouldbepaidbyemployersinsteadofcustomers.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Inthepast,fallingoilpriceshavegivenaboosttotheworld

56、economy,butrecentforecastsforglobalgrowthhavebeentoneddown,evenasoilpricessinklowerandlower.Doesthatmeanthelinkbetweenloweroilpricesandgrowthhasweakened?Someexpertssaytherearestillgoodreasonstobelievecheapoilshouldheatuptheworldeconomy.Consumershavemoremoneyintheirpocketswhenthey'repayinglessatt

57、hepump.Theyspendthatmoneyonotherthings,whichstimulatestheeconomy.ThebiggestgainsgotocountriesthatimportmostoftheiroillikeChina,Japan,andIndia,Butdoesn'ttheextramoneyinthepocketsofthosecountries'consumersmeananequallossinoilproducingcountries,cancellingoutthegains?Notnecessarily,sayseconomicr

58、esearcherSaraJohnson."Manyoilproducersbuiltuphugereservefundswhenpriceswerehigh,sowhenpricesfalltheywilldrawontheirreservestosupportgovernmentspendingandsubsidies（补贝占）fortheirconsumers.”Butnotalloilproducershavebigreserves,InVenezuela,collapsingoilpriceshavesentitseconomyintofree-fall.Economist

59、CarlWeinbergbelievesthenegativeeffectsofplungingoilpricesareoverwhelmingthepositiveeffectsofcheaperoil.Theimplicationisasharpdeclineinglobaltrade,whichhasplungedpartlybecauseoil-producingnationscan'taffordtoimportasmuchastheyusedto.SaraJohnsonacknowledgesthattheglobaleconomicbenefitfromafallinoilpricestodayislikelylowerthanitwasinthepast.O