中考初中英语讲义一般过去时复习学案

1、中考初中英语讲义一般过去时复习学案（1）专题讲解1、定义：一般过去时表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态，常和表示过去的时间状连用；也可表示过去习惯性或经常性的动作和行为。2、时间状语：yesterday,thedaybeforeyesterday,yesterdaymorning,justnow,amomentago,twodaysago,lastnight/year/week,before11:00,inthepastatthattime等3、使用情况：（1）表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。Igotupat7:00yesterday.我昨天7点起床。（2）表示过去经常或反复发生的动作

2、。Healwayswenttoworkbybuslastyear.去年他总是乘公交车去上班。4.一般现在时的结构及句型变化结构：一般现在时的结构主要有三种形式:（1）、结构一（谓语动词为be动词时）肯定何：主语+be（was,were）+其它.否定句：主语+be+not+其它.一般疑问句：Be+主语+其它？e.g.Iwaslateyesterday.Iwasnotlateyesterday.WereyoulateyesterdayYes,Iwas.No,Iwasn't.aam和is在一般过去时中变为waso(注：am,isfwas,are一weree.g.TheywereinBeiji

3、nglastyear.Theyweren'tinBeijinglastyearWeretheyinBeijinglastyear?Yes,theywere.No,theyweren't(wasnot=wasn't)are在般过去时中变为were。(werenot=weren't)（2）、结构二（谓语动词为情态动词时）（注意：情态动词can,may,haveto等等。）肯定句：主语+情态动词过去式+动词原形+其它.否定句：主语+情态动词过去式+not+动词原形+其它.一般疑问句：情态动词过去式+主语+动词原形+其它？E.g.Theoldmancouldswim30

4、yearsago.Theoldmancouldn'tswim30yearsago.Couldtheoldmanswim30yearsago?Yes,hecould.No,hecouldn't.常用情态动词过去式如下：cancould（能，会）maymight（可以）havetohadto（不得不）shallshould（将要）用于第一人称单数willwould（将要）用于所有人称（3）、结构三（谓语动词为实义动词时）肯定句：主语+动词过去式+其它.否定句：主语+didn't+动词原形+其它.一般疑问句：Dd+主语+动词原形+其它?E.g.LiMingstudiedEng

5、lishthismorning.past.past?E.g.Weoftenplayedtennisinthepast.Wedidn'toftenplaytennisintheDidLiMingstudyEnglishthismorning?DidyouoftenplaytennisintheLiMingdidn'tstudyEnglishthismorning.Yes,hedid.No,hedidn't.1、动词过去式的规则变化6、动词的过去式(1)、一般词尾加-edstay-stayedask-asked(2)、以e结尾的只加-dhope-hopeddance-dan

6、ced(3)、末尾三个字母以“辅字母，冉加-edStop-stoppeddrop-droppedHowdidyoufindthejob?help-helpedlook-lookedwatch-watchedlove-lovedliveTived+元+辅”结尾，且为重读闭音节，应双写末尾的辅音plan-plannedbeg-beggedYes,wedid.No,wedidn't.注：1.谓语动词为实义动词时，变否定句和一般疑问句一律找助动词dd来帮忙(过去时不分人称和单复数，都是加did或didnot)2 .前面出现了助动词，后面的动词一律用原形。3 .变一般疑问句时，一问一答的关系当中

7、,第一人称和第二人称要相互交换。5.一般过去时的特殊疑问句：结构：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句?特殊疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+其它?I特殊疑问词+was/were+主语+其它?E.g.WherewereyoulastnighBWhatdidJimdoyesterday?Wheredidyouwalktoyesterday?(4)、辅音字母+y”尾，变y为i,再加-edcarry-carriedstudy-studiedhurry-hurried2、动词过去式的不规则变化(见书后表格)7、口诀：动词一般过去时，表示过去发生事；be用was或用were,have,has变had；谓语动词过去式，过

8、去时间作标志；一般动词加-ed,若是特殊得硬记。否定句很简单，主语之后didn'添；疑问句也不难，did放在主语前；如果谓语之前有did,谓语动词需还原;动词若是was,were,否定就把not添。(2)变式练习、写出下列动词的过去式isamflyplantaredrinkplay_gomakedoesdanceworryasktasteeatdrawput.throwkickpassdo、用be动词的适当形式填空。1. IanEnglishteachernow.2. Shehappyyesterday.3. Theygladtoseeeachotherlastmonth.4. Hel

9、enandNancygoodfriends.5. Thelittledogtwoyearsoldthisyear.6. Look,therelotsofgrapeshere.7. ThereasignonthechaironMonday.8. TodaythesecondofJune.YesterdaythefirstofJune.ItChildren'sDay.Allthestudentsveryexcited.、巩固练习、句型变换1、Therewasacarinfrontofthehousejustnow.否定句：一般疑问句：肯定回答：否定回答：2Theyplayedfootbal

10、lontheplayground.否定句：一般疑问句：肯定回答：否定回答：、用所给动词的适当形式填空。1. I(watch)acartoononSaturday.2. Herfather(read)anewspaperlastnight.3. Wetothezooyesterday,Tomtothepark.(go)4. you(visit)yourrelativeslastSpringFestival?5. he(fly)akiteonSunday?Yes,he.6. GaoShan(pull)upcarrotslastNationalDayholiday.7. I(sweep)theflo

11、oryesterday,butmymother.8. Whatshe(find)inthegardenlastmorning?She(find)abeautifulbutterfly.9. It(be)Ben'sbirthdaylastFriday10. Weall(have)agoodtimelastnight.三、拓展训练一、句型转换1、Lucydidherhomeworkathome.(改否定旬)Lucyherhomeworkathome.2、Hefoundsomemeatinthefridge(冰箱).(变一般疑问句)hemeatinthefridge?3、Shestayedt

12、hereforaweek.(对划线部分提问)shethere?4、Therewassomeorangeinthecup.(变一般疑问句)thereorangeinthecup?、单项选择：1. Myfatherillyesterday.A.isn'tB.aren't2. yourparentsathomelastweekA.IsB.Was3. ThetwinsinDalianlastyear.A.are;wereB.were;are4. yourfatheratworkthedayA.Was;beforeB.Is;before5. WhowasondutylastFriday?

13、C.wasn'tD.weren'tC.AreD.WereTheyherenow.C.was;areD.were;wasyesterday前天)？C.was;areD.were;wasA.IamB.IwasC.Yes,IwasD.No,Iwasn't三、用所给动词的适当形式填空。1. Don'tthehouse.Mumityesterday.(clean)2. Whatyoujustnow?Isomehousework.(do)3. They(make)akiteaweekago.4. Iwanttoapples.Butmydadallofthemlastmont

14、h.(pick)5. hetheflowersthismorning?Yes,he.(water)6. She(be)aprettygirl.Look,she(do)Chinesedances.7. Thestudentsoften(draw)somepicturesintheartroom.家庭作业一、写出下列动词的第三人称单数形式、过去式形式goenjoybuyeatgetwalktakedancewriterunswimfindbegineatplaystudy二、用所给词的适当形式填空。1. TomandMary(come)toChinalastmonth.2. Mike(notgo)

15、tobeduntil12o'clocklastnight.Sohe(get)uplate.3. Mary(read)Englishyesterdaymorning.4. Tom(begin)tolearnChineselastyear.5. Mymother(notdo)houseworkyesterday.6. Thereatelephonecallforyoujustnow.(be)7. -Whenyou(come)tochina?-Lastyear.8. (be)itcoldinyourcityyesterday?9. Howmanypeople(be)thereinyourcl

16、asslastterm?10. There(be)afootballmatchonTVyesterdayevening,butI(have)notimetowatchit.一、英语阅读理解专项练习试卷1.阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出最佳选项。Whatwilltheworldofthefuturebelike?Thereareplentyofpeoplewhoarehappytogivetheiropinionofwhatwewillbedoingin2050.Herearetwopredictionsabouttheworldoftomorrow.Whenwedream

17、aboutthefuture,manyliketothinkofowningapersonalflyingcar.Theadvantagesareobvious.Thistechnologywouldallowtotalfreedomofmovement.Wecouldflyat480kmperhour,avoidingtrafficlightsandbusyroads.However,somepeoplebelievetherewillbeproblemswithtrafficcontrol.Ifthecarsbecomepopular,thereislikelytobeairtraffic

18、jam.Anotherbigproblemismechanicalfailure.Whatwillhappenifthecarsstopworking?Theseareproblemswemustexpectifflyingcarsbecomeareality.Three-dimensionalprintingisanothernewtechnologywithexcitingpossibilities.3Dprintersareusedtobuildanobjectwithliquidplastic.Theybuildtheobjectlayerbylayeruntilitiscomplet

19、e.Carcompaniesalreadyuse3Dprinterstomakelife-sizemodelsofcarparts,andmedicalcompaniesusethetechnologytomakeman-madebodyparts.Aswemoveintothefuture,3Dprintingwillrevolutionizethewayweshop,thewaywemanufactureandthewaywetreatsickpeople.Thedisadvantageisthatsuchequipmentwillbeextremelyexpensive.Sointhef

20、uture,wemightbeabletoflytoworkorprintoutnewshoes.Althoughtherearesomeproblemstosolvebeforethiswillbepossible,wecancertainlydreamofaworldwheretechnologymakeslifeeasierandsaferformillionsofpeople.(1) Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Environmentalprotection.B.Theworldoftomorrow.C.Advantagesoftechnology.(2

21、) Whatdowelearnfromthepassage?A. SomepeoplethinktechnologydevelopmentmaybringnewproblemsB. 3Dprintingcanbringgreatchangestoourlifeanditsequipmentischeap.C. Theflyingcarswon'tbringairtrafficjamevenwhentheybecomepopular.(3) Whatisthecorrectstructureofthepassage?(P1=Paragraph1)(4) Whatdoestheunderl

22、inedword"they"referto?A.Carcompanies.B.3Dprint.C.Bodyparts.(5) Wecaninferthatthewriteraboutthefuturelifewithtechnology.A.doesn'tcareB.feelshopefulC.feelsdisappointed【答案】(1)BA(3) A(4) B(5) B【解析】【分析】文章大意：本文主要介绍很多人对2050年对未来世界的两个预测。私人飞车和3D打印机。(1)细节理解题。根据Whatwilltheworldofthefuturebelike?Th

23、ereareplentyofpeoplewhoarehappytogivetheiropinionofwhatwewillbedoingin2050.Herearetwopredictionsabouttheworldoftomorrow.可知本段主要谈论的是未来的世界是什么样子，故选Bo(2)细节理解题。根据somepeoplebelievetherewillbeproblemswithtrafficcontrol.Ifthecarsbecomepopular,thereislikelytobeairtrafficjam.Anotherbigproblemismechanicalfailur

24、e.Whatwillhappenifthecarsstopworking?Theseareproblemswemustexpectifflyingcarsbecomeareality.些人认为交通管制会有问题。如果汽车变得流行，很可能会出现空中交通堵塞。另一个大问题是机械故障。如果汽车停止工作会发生什么？如果飞车成为现实，这些问题我们必须预料到。可知科技的发展将会带来新的问题，选项A符合文章内容，故选A;选项C,不符合文字内容，故排除C;Thedisadvantageisthatsuchequipmentwillbeextremelyexpensive.可知选项B不符合文章内容，故排除B;综上

25、所述，故选A。(3)篇章结构题。根据Herearetwopredictionsabouttheworldoftomorrow.总说；Whenwedreamaboutthefuture,manyliketothinkofowningapersonalflyingcar.和Three-dimensionalprintingisanothernewtechnologywithexcitingpossibilities.3Dprintersareusedtobuildanobjectwithliquidplastic.分说；Sointhefuture,wemightbeabletoflytoworko

26、rprintoutnewshoes.Althoughtherearesomeproblemstosolvebeforethiswillbepossible,wecancertainlydreamofaworldwheretechnologymakeslifeeasierandsaferformillionsofpeople.总结。根据文章结构可知：总一分一总，故选A。(4)代词指代题。根据下文Theybuildtheobjectlayerbylayeruntilitiscomplete.可知是指上文3Dprinters,故选Bo(5)推理判断题。根据Sointhefuture,wemightb

27、eabletoflytoworkorprintoutnewshoes.Althoughtherearesomeproblemstosolvebeforethiswillbepossible,wecancertainlydreamofaworldwheretechnologymakeslifeeasierandsaferformillionsofpeople.因此，在未来，我们可能会飞到工作或打印出新的鞋。尽管在这一切成为可能之前还有一些问题需要解决，但我们当然可以梦想一个技术使数百万人的生活更容易、更安全的世界。可知推知作者对科技未来的生活充满希望，故选Bo【点评】考查阅读理解。要求考生对文章

28、通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案.推理判断题也是要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。2.阅读理解Everybodyhatesrats.Butratsmaysoonbeman'snewgoodfriends.Whathappensafteranearthquake?Wesendinrescuedogs.Why?Becausetheycansmellpeople.Dogssavelives.Theyhelprescuerstofindlivingpeople.Butdogsarebiga

29、ndtheycan'tgetintosmallspaces.Sonowanewresearchprojectisusingasmalleranimaltosavelives:therat.Howdoesitwork?First,theratistrainedtosmellpeople.Whenthishappens,therat'sbraingivesasignal.Thisissenttoasmallradioonitsback,andthentherescuersfollowtheradiosignals.Whentherat'sbrainactivityjumps

30、,therescuersknowthatsomeoneisalive.Therathassmelledthatperson.Althoughtherearealreadyrobotswhichcandothisjob,ratsarebetter.Robots'nosesdon'tworkwellwhenthereareothersmellsaround.Ratsaregoodatthat.Ratscanalsoseeinthedark,theyarecheaperandquickertotrainthandogs,andunlikerobots,theydon'tnee

31、delectricity!The"ratproject"isnotfinished.Butascientistsays,"Itwouldbegreat.Aratcouldgetintoanyplacewecouldn'tgetto,andaratwouldgetoutifitwasn'tsafe."Perhapsforthefirsttimeinhistory,peoplewillbehappytoseearatinabuilding(butonlyafteranearthquake,ofcourse).(1) Wheredoyouthi

32、nkyoucanfindthispassage?A.Inamagazineabouttoys.B.Inahistorybook.C.Inanewspaperaboutscience.D.Inanadvertisement.(2) WhichofthefollowingisNOTTRUE?A.Ratsdon'tneedelectricity.B.Ratsarebetterthanrobotswhensmelling.C.Ratsareascleverasradios.D.Ratscanseethingsinthedarkwhendoingrescues.33)Whydoesthe&quo

33、t;ratproject"soundgreataccordingtothepassage?A.Becauseratscangetintoverysmallspaces.B.Becauseratshavebetternosesthandogs.C.Becauseratsdon'tlikerobots.D.Becauseratsarebrave.44)Whichisthebesttitleofthispassage?A.WaysofsavingpeopleB.RatsC.EarthquakesD.Ratsforrescue【答案】(1)CC(3) A(4) D【解析】【分析】主要

34、讲了老鼠是怎样营救人的。(1)推断题。根据全文可知主要讲了老鼠救人，所以可以在关于科学的报纸上发现，故选Co2 2)细节题。根据Thisissenttoasmallradioonitsback,andthentherescuersfollowtheradiosignals.可知信号被发送给收音机，而没有说老鼠和收音机一样聪明，故选Co3 3)细节题。根据"Itwouldbegreat.Aratcouldgetintoanyplacewecouldn'tgetto,andaratwouldgetoutifitwasn'tsafe."可知是因为老鼠可以去非常小的

35、地方，故选A。(4)主旨题。根据全文可知主要讲了老鼠是怎样营救人的。故选Do【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推断题和主旨题三种常考题型，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息；主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。3.阅读理解Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinfamilylifebecauseofscienceandindustry(工业).Inthepast,whenmostAmericanslivedonfarms,thetypicalfamilyhadmanychildren.Inafarmfamily,parentsand

36、theirchildrenoftenlivedwithgrandparents.Usually,unclesandauntslivednearby.ButwhenindustrybecamemoreimportantthanagricultureinAmericanlife,familiesbecamesmallerbecauseindustryrequiresworkerswhoarereadyandabletomoveoffthelandandmoveagainwhenevernecessary.Andlargefamiliescannotmovefromplacetoplaceassma

37、llerfamilies.So,atpresentpeopletendtohavesmallerfamilies.Inthefuture,becauseofindustrialization,atypicalfamilywillberequiredtomoveevenmoreoftenthannow,sofamilieswillbeevensmaller.Thetypicalfamilymayremainchildlessandconsistonlyofamanandawoman.Asmallnumberoffamiliesmaytakeraisingchildrenastheirchiefw

38、ork.Atthesametimetheymayalsoraiseotherpeople'schildren,leavingthosefamiliesfreetomovefromjobtojob.(1) Whichofthefollowingtopicsisdiscussedinthepassage?A. ThedevelopmentofscienceandindustryinAmerica.B. TheinfluenceofscienceandindustryonAmericanfamilies.C. Harmfuleffectofindustrialization.D. Socia

39、lproblemsresultingfromthehighly-developedscienceandindustryinAmerica.(2) Whatkindsoffamiliesaredescribedinthepassage?A.Familiesofthepastandthepresent.B.Familiesofthepresentandthefuture.C.Familiesofthepastandthefuture.D.Familiesofthepast,thepresentandthefuture.(3) Whatisoneofthereasonsthatfamiliesare

40、gettingsmallerinAmerica?A. Childrentendtoleavetheirparentsandgrandparentswhentheygrowup.B. Peoplestopcaringforchildren.C. Theneedforworkerswhoareabletomoveatanytimehasbeenincreasing.D. Botholdandyoungpeopleprefertolivebythemselves.(4) Whatcanyouinferfromthepassage?A. Scienceandindustryhavecausedthou

41、sandsoffamiliestosplit(破裂).B. Childrendonotlivewiththeirparentsorgrandparents.C. Largefamiliescanhardlysurviveinmodernsociety.D. Americansareverychoosyabouttheirjobs.【答案】(1)BD(3) C(4) C【解析】【分析】文章大意：由于工业的发展，家庭也受到了影响，原来的家庭孩子多，而现在的家庭孩子少，由于工业的发展家庭会总是搬动，有的家庭只有一个孩子或者没有孩子。(5) 细节理解题，根据Greatchangeshavetakenp

42、laceinfamilylifebecauseofscienceandindustry(工业).可知家庭受到了科学和工业发展的影响，故答案是B。(6) 细节理解题，根据文章内容可知，短文涉及到了过去的家庭，现在的家庭和将来的家庭，故答案是Do(7) 细节理解题，根据Inthefuture,becauseofindustrialization,atypicalfamilywillberequiredtomoveevenmoreoftenthannow,sofamilieswillbeevensmaller.可知对于工人们能够随时搬动的需求，所以家庭变得原来越小，故答案是Co(8) 逻辑推理题，根

43、据文章内容可知，工人们可能会随时要搬家，大的家庭就没有这样的便捷，所以大家庭就不适于生存在现代的社会，故答案是Co【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节理解题和逻辑推理题。细节理解题可以直接从文中寻找答案；逻辑推理题需要结合具体语境，由已知内容推出未知的可能的事实。4.阅读理解EsperanzalivesinapoorLatino（拉丁美洲的）neighbourhoodinChicago,America.Shedreamsofhavingherownhouseoneday.Herparentstoldherthatwhentheymovedfromtheirlasthouse,theywouldh

44、aveanewandshiny（亮闪闪的）house.Butthehouseissmallandold.ManypeopleliveinMangoStreet,inabigoldhouse,Esperanzalivesbehinditwithherfamily.AlotofthepeoplewhohavecomefromMexicodon'tspeakEnglish.Manymisstheirhomecountry.Esperanzaunderstandstheirsadness,butshealsofeelsathomeinAmerica.SheisanAmerican,buther

45、roots（根）willalwaysbeLatino.Esperanzaisyoung.Likeherfriends,shehastogrowupfast.Sheisstuckbetweenbeingagirlandbeingawoman.Inthepooranddangerousareawhereshelives,thisisdifficultforher.Mexicanpeopleusuallyliveinacloseneighbourhood.Thismeansthatpeoplelivepacked（挤塞的）intogether.Everyoneknowseveryoneelse.So

46、Esperanzaknowsotheroldergirlsthatdothingssheisnotcomfortabledoing.Itisjustafactofherlife.ButEsperanzahasgoodfriendstoo.ShebecomesfriendswithtwosistersnamedLucyandRachel.Theyridebikesandhaveadventures（冒险）together.EsperanzaisalsofriendswithagirlnamedAlicia.Aliciaisafraidoftheratsinherapartment.Sheshar

47、esherpoemswithEsperanza.11) WhatisRIGHTaboutEsperanza?A. Shedoesn'tlikewhatsomeoftheoldergirlsaredoing.B. Sheisn'tquiteusedtoherlifeinAmerica.C. SheisanAmericanandhasacomfortablelife.D. Sheoftenliveswithherfriendsenjoyingdoingthingstogether.(2) WheredoesEsperanzalive?A. InabigoldhouseinMango

48、Street.B. InasmallandoldhouseinMangoStreet.C. Inanewandshinyhouse.D. Inasmallanddangeroushouse.(3) Wecaninferfromthetextthat.A. manypeoplewholiveinMangoStreetaredangerousB. MangoStreetisanareawhereEsperanza'schildhoodisunforgettableC. inMangoStreet,peopledon'tspeakEnglishD. inMangoStreet,eve

49、rybodyunderstandsEsperanzassadness(4) Whatdoestheword"stuck"inthethirdparagraphmean?A.hardtoagreeB.hardtobelieveC.hardtomoveD.hardtohaveacorrectidea(5) Thepassageismainlyasimpleintroductionto.A. aperson'sexperienceB. aperson'sfriendsC. aplacenamedMangoStreetD. loveandsadnessfromMan

50、goStreet【答案】(1)AB(3) A(4) C(5) A【解析】【分析】主要讲了Esperanza住在美国芝加哥一个贫穷的拉丁美洲街区，房子又小又旧，及其危险困难的生活。(1)细节题。根据SoEsperanzaknowsotheroldergirlsthatdothingssheisnotcomfortabledoing.可知Esperanza不喜欢其他女孩做的不舒服的事情，故选A。(2)细节题。根据Butthehouseissmallandold.ManypeopleliveinMangoStreet,inabigoldhouse,Esperanzalivesbehinditwith

51、herfamily.可知Esperanza的房子是小的旧的，住在MangoStreet的后面，故选Bo(3) 细节题。根据Inthepooranddangerousareawhereshelives,thisisdifficultforher可知住在MangoStreet是危险和困难的，故选A。(4)细节题。根据前句Likeherfriends,shehastogrowupfast.像她的朋友一样，她不得不快速成长，所以卡在了女孩和妇女间，即很难移动，即hardtomove,故选C。(5)细节题。根据全文可知主要介绍了Esperanza住在美国芝加哥一个贫穷的拉丁美洲街区，房子又小又旧，及其危

52、险困难的生活。即个人经历的介绍，故选Ao【点评】考查阅读理解，主要考查细节题，注意从文中仔细寻找答案。5.阅读理解On26February,IgotanemailfrommyfriendDavid,askingmetogotoTanzaniatotraintheirsoftwareengineers.ThecompanyislocatedinDaresSalam,abeautifulcoastalcitytothewestoftheIndianOcean.IstayedforabouttwoweeksinthatcitylasttimeIwasthere.Duringmystaythere,Davidtookmetothenearbybeachandwehadawonderfulwal