【步步高】(江苏专用)2022高考英语一轮复习-Unit-4-Helping-people-around-the-world讲义-牛津译林版选修6

1、Unit 4 Helping people around the world话题词汇1.virtue n.美德2.serve v.效劳3.rewarding adj.得到回报的4.friendship n.友谊5.do good deeds做好事6.the disabled残疾人7.contribute to为作奉献8.show care for关心9.give up seats让座10.be ready to help others乐于助人经典语篇假设你是宁德市某中学高三(1)班班长，你得知，你班王伟同学昨天下午放学回家路上看到一位老奶奶摔倒在地，他立刻将她扶到平安的地方，同时拨打了120，

2、使老奶奶得到了及时救治。请你就此事建议全班同学向他学习。建议要点如下：1.简述王伟的事迹；2.发表感想；3.提出建议。注意：1.可根据提示适当展开，以使行文连贯；2.词数150左右；3.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。Dear classmates，I am more than pleased to share with you Wang Weis story. Thats all.Thank you.佳作欣赏Dear classmates，I am more than pleased to share with you Wang Weis story.On his way home yest

3、erday afternoon，Wang Wei noticed an old lady fall to the ground and went up to her help without hesitation. After helping her to safety，he dialed 120 and the granny got timely treatment in hospital.I was deeply impressed by what Wang Wei had done.There is no doubt that such a deed should be encourag

4、ed.Firstly，it has been one of the traditional Chinese virtues to help those in trouble.Secondly，people nowadays seem to be getting more and more unwilling to help others，especially the aged. Therefore，Wang Weis behavior is of great significance in awakening peoples awareness of helping others. Third

5、ly，it is our duty to make our world a more harmonious place，where everyone can enjoy his life.In short，I strongly suggest that all of us should learn from Wang Wei and always be ready to help others.With everyone doing his or her part，we can make a difference.Thats all.Thank you.思维发散1.用“onv.­in

6、g改写第句On his way home yesterday afternoon，on seeing an old lady fall to the ground，Wang Wei went up to her help without hesitation.2.仿照第句翻译句子孩子们好似正在房间里吃东西呢。The children seemed to be eating something in the room.3.用count改写第句Therefore，Wang Weis behavior counts a lot in awakening peoples awareness of he

7、lping others.重点单词A.写作单词1.voluntary (adj.)志愿的；自愿的，主动的2.contribute (vt.& vi.)捐献，捐赠，捐助；奉献；促成，导致3.acquire (vt.)购得；获得，得到4.expand (vi.& vt.)扩展，开展(业务)；扩大，增强5.starvation (n.)饥饿；挨饿；饿死6.means (n.)手段，方法7 mitment (n.)承诺，保证；投入，奉献；不得不做的事8.remind (vt.)提醒，使想起9.lack (n.& vt.)缺乏lacking (adj.)缺乏的，匮乏的10.des

8、cription (n.)描写(文字)，形容，说明describe (vt.)描述，形容11.alternative (adj.)可供替代的；(n.)可供选择的事物alternatively (adv.)要不，或者；两者择一地12.worthy (adj.)令人敬重的；值得的，相称的；有价值的worth (adj.)值得；值钱； (n.)价值worthwhile (adj.)重要的；令人愉快的；值得花时间(或花钱、努力等)的13.equal (adj.)平等的；同等的；(n.)同等的人；相等物；(vt.)与相同或相等equally (adv.)相等地；同样地equality (n.)相等，平等

9、14.urgent (adj.)紧急的，紧迫的urgency (n.)紧急，急迫urge (vt.)敦促，力劝；竭力主张；(n.)强烈的欲望，冲动15.possession (n.)个人财产；拥有，具有possess (vt.)具有，拥有；支配16.troublesome (adj.)麻烦的，讨厌的，棘手的trouble (n.)麻烦；困难；(vt.)麻烦；使烦恼B.阅读单词17.ambassador (n.)大使18.fetch (vt.)售得，卖得(某价)；取来19.victim (n.)受害者20.remote (adj.)偏远的，偏僻的21.charity (n.)慈善机构；赈济；仁爱

10、22.mountainous (adj.)多山的23.poverty (n.)贫穷，贫困24.primitive (adj.)原始的25.obtain (vt.)(尤指经努力)获得；赢得26.wage (n.)(通常指按周领的)工资27.chaos (n.)混乱，杂乱，紊乱28.colleague (n.)同事29.assistant (n.)助理，助手；(adj.)助理的，副的30.muddy (adj.)多泥的，泥泞的31.damp (adj.)潮湿的32.shelter (n.)住所，藏身之处33.staff (n.)全体员工34.barrier (n.)障碍，隔膜；屏障，障碍物35.i

11、nterpreter (n.)口译工作者，口译译员36.angle (n.)角度37.political (adj.)政治的；政府的politics (n.)政治(学)politician (n.)从政者，政治家38.export (n.)出口产品，输出品；出口，输出；(vt.& vi.)出口，输出import (n.& vt.)进口，输入39.vacant (adj.)空着的，未被占用的；(职位)空缺的vacancy (n.)(职位的)空缺；空职.重点短语1.refer to谈及，提到；与相关，涉及；查阅，参考2.in addition除以外(还)，此外3.draw ones

12、 attention to使(某人)发觉到4.under the umbrella of在的保护下，在的管理下5.look up查阅；抬头往上看6.out of work失业7.in need在困难中，在危急中8.break down出故障；抛锚；(谈判等)失败；(健康等)垮掉9.in chaos处于混乱状态10.get hold of得到；抓住11.remind sb.of让某人想起，提醒某人12.think back to回想，追忆13.make a difference有作用(关系、影响).经典句式1.As you know，the UN touches the lives of peo

13、ple everywhere.正如你们所知，联合国触及世界各地人们的生活。2.I would rather you hadnt told me about it.我宁愿你还没有把那件事告诉我。3.If only I were a Goodwill Ambassador!要是我是亲善大使多好！1(1)lack sth.缺少某物lack of缺少 (名词短语)(2)for lack of因缺少no lack of.充足的(3)lacking adj.缺乏的，缺乏的be lacking in.be short of.在方面缺乏(1) Lack of sleep could put the birds

14、 health at risk.缺乏睡眠可能使得鸟类健康处于危险。(2022·四川)(2)Despite his lack of experience，he got the job.他虽然经验缺乏，但还是获得了这份工作。(3)He said there was no lack of things for them to talk about.他说他们有大量要讨论的东西。多维训练(1)完成句子He was set free for lack of (因缺少) evidence.Though lacking money(尽管缺钱)，his parents managed to send

15、him abroad for further study.Now the problem is that we are lacking in new ideas(缺乏新思想).(2)It is reported that money makes lots of teenagers stay at home.A.short of B.shy ofC.lack of D.lacking of答案C解析句意为：据报道缺钱使得很多青少年呆在家里。A、B两项是形容词，不能作主语；D项去掉of才可以构成动名词作主语。2应试指导完型填空及写作词汇(1)be worthy of sth./of being d

16、one/to be done值得(做)某事(2)worthwhile adj.重要的；令人愉快的；值得花时间(或花钱、努力等)的Its worthwhile to do/doing sth.值得做某事be worthn.值得，值(3)worth adj.值得的；值钱的；n.价值be worth doing sth.值得做某事 特别提醒worthy可作前置定语，而worth不能；worth一般只作表语，可用程度副词well修饰。(1)To support these worthy causes，Ashoka provides money for the worlds most promising

17、 “changemakers.为了支持这些重要的事业，Ashoka为世界上最有潜力的“changemakers提供资金支持。(2022·安徽)(2)He realized he would take a loss by selling the house to us，but it was worthwhile.他意识到把房子卖给我们他会有金钱上的损失，但是这值得。(2022·天津)(3)This may surprise you，but one of the best tools for making cooking worth your time is experimen

18、tation.也许会让你惊讶，但是让烹饪值得你花时间的最好的方式就是通过反复试验。 (2022·新课标全国)多维训练(1)用worth，worthwhile，worthy填空The factory is worth visiting.The factory is worthy of a visit.The factory is worthy of being visited.The factory is worthy to be visited.Its worthwhile visiting the factory.(2)翻译句子依我看来，让学生更多的接触社会活动是值得的。(wort

19、hwhile，expose sb.to sth.)In my opinion，its worthwhile to expose/exposing students to more social activities.(3) a distinctive scenic spot worth ，Yangzhou，a friendly city，appeals to visitors from all over the world.A.Considered；visitedB.Considered；visitingC.Considering；visitingD.Considering；being vis

20、ited答案B解析句意为：扬州被认为是一个独一无二的值得参观的场所、一个友好的城市，吸引了来自全世界各地的游客。consider考虑、认为，句子的主语是其动作承受者，应用过去分词作状语；be worthdoing sth.值得做某事。appeal to 吸引。应选B。3equal adj.相同的，相等的；平等的；相当的；能胜任的；n.同等的人；相等物；vt.与相等，等于；比得上；抵得过应试指导一词多义(1)be equal in在方面比得上be equal to sth./doing sth.等于；与相等；胜任胜任的表达：be fit for；be adequate for；be qualif

21、ied for；be up toon equal terms在对等的条件下(2)without equal/have no equal无与伦比(3)equally adv.相等地，同等地(1)I am quite sure he is equal to the task.我很确定他能胜任这个任务。(2)In fact，when it comes to the art of war，ants have no equal.事实上，当说到战争艺术时，蚂蚁是无与伦比的。(2022·安徽)(3)An equally important quality is tolerance.一个同等重要的品

22、质是容忍。(2022·湖南)多维训练(1)They made reservations at restaurants where the cost of a bottle of wine a college years monthly rent.A.shared B.paidC.equaled D.collected答案C解析句意为：他们所预定的饭店里一瓶酒的价格相当于大学一个月的租金。equal与相等或相同，符合语境。(2)Do you think he is the only person for the job?Im not quite sure but hell prove

23、to the task.A.equal B.essentialC.special D.superior答案A解析考查形容词词义辨析。句意为：你认为他是这个工作的唯一人选吗？我不确定，但他终会胜任这份工作的。equal相当的，(力量、勇气、能力等方面)能胜任的；essential重要的，本质的；special特别的，专门的；superior优秀的；be equal to (doing) sth.能胜任(做)某事，故该题正确答案为A。4应试指导(1)by no means位于句首时倒装(2)交际用语by all means的用法by means of用方法；借助by all means务必，一定；

24、尽一切方法；当然可以by any means无论如何by no means绝不，一点也不表示“绝不的短语：in no case；in no way；on no account；at no time放在句首时，句子用局部倒装。(1)The burglars entered the house by means of a ladder.窃贼用梯子爬进了这所房子。(2)By no means is this the first time you have been late.这绝不是你第一次迟到。(3)Furthermore，punishment is by no means a wise choi

25、ce to help them grow up mentally and physically.而且，惩罚绝不是帮助他们身心健康成长的明智选择。特别提醒means为单复数同形。作主语且有every，each，one等词修饰时，谓语动词用单数；有all，some，several，many等词修饰时谓语动词用复数。 多维训练(1)用上述短语的适当形式填空He succeeded by means of perseverance.Try by all means/by any means to save the dying.By no means should we pursue our goals

26、 at the cost of health.(2)用所给词的适当形式填空They tried all means，which they thought possibly are(be) helpful，but unfortunately not a means has(have) worked so far.(3)Without the friction(摩擦力) between feet and the ground，people would be able to walk.A.in no time B.by all meansC.on any account D.in no way答案D

27、解祈in no time 很快；by all means当然可以，一定，务必；on any account 在任何情况下；in no way绝不。句意为：没有脚和地面的摩擦，人们就不能行走。5应试指导一词多义；非谓语形式(referred；referring)的考查(1)refer.to.把提交给，让参考refer to.as.把称为(2)in/with reference to关于for reference以备查阅(1)When you talk about a persons origin，you are referring to the country，race，or social cl

28、ass of their parents or ancestors.当你们在谈论一个人的出身的时候，你们是在谈论他的国家、种族、父母亲的或者袓先的社会地位。(2)If you dont know the exact meaning of the word，you may refer to the dictionary.如果你不懂这个单词确实切意思，你可以查阅此字典。(3)Coal is usually referred to as a fossil fuel.煤通常被称为矿物燃料。(4)In reference to your letter yesterday，we cant accept t

29、he offer.关于你昨天的来信，我们不能接受信中的建议。多维训练(1)用refer的适当形式填空We all demanded the new type of machine referred to be used as soon as possible.Ive attached a copy of my article to the letterjust for your reference.(2)The new president spoke at the APFC meeting for nearly an hour without his notes.A.bringing up B

30、.looking forC.trying on D.referring to答案D解析句意为：新任总裁在APFC会议上脱稿演讲了近一个小时。bring up抚养，呕吐；look for寻找；try on试穿，试验；refer to参考，涉及。根据句意选D项。6多维训练(1)用所给词的适当形式填空He had no alternative but to wait(wait).He did nothing but wait(wait).He had nothing to do but wait(wait).He did have no choice but to wait(wait).(2)In

31、face of trouble，although I feel disappointed about where I am，I still think about where I am going.A.optimistically B.controversiallyC.conventionally D.alternatively答案A解析句意为：面对困难，虽然对于自己的处境感到失望，但我还是对自己的将来持乐观的态度。optimistically乐观地；controversially相互矛盾地；conventionally传统地，习惯上；alternatively作为一种选择，二者择一地。故A项

32、正确。7多维训练(1)用适当的介词填空They found shelter from the storm in a barn.Under the shelter of a tent，a crowd is gathered for a brunch.They sheltered from a downpour under a tree.(2)Some parents are just too protective.They want to their kids from every kind of danger，real or imagined.A.spot B.dismissC.shelter

33、 D.distinguish答案C解析句意为：一些父母对孩子太过于保护。他们想保护自己的孩子免遭任何真实的或他们想象的危险。shelter做动词可表示“保护；庇护，符合题意。spot弄脏，认出，发现，定位；dismiss开除，使解散；distinguish区别。8多维训练(1)用所给词的适当形式填空In addition to giving(give) me some advice，he gave me some money.The teacher，in addition to his students，was (be) interested in the book.This was an a

34、dditional(addition) proof of his ignorance.(2) the school，the village has a clinic，which was also built with government support.(2022·天津，6)A.In reply to B.In addition toC.In charge of D.In place of答案B解析考查介词短语辨析。句意为：除了学校，村子里还有一个诊所，也是由政府扶持建立的。由后面also一词可知，应填in addition to“除之外还有。(3) the works of Le

35、onardo da Vinci，the Louvre Museum has more than 6,000 other European paintings，ranging from the 13th century to the 19th century.A.Except for B.ExceptC.In addition D.Apart from答案D解析except for从整体中排除细节局部；except 排除(在整体以外)；in addition toapart frombesides 除了以外(还)。句意为：除了达芬奇的作品，罗浮宫里还藏有其他欧洲画家从13世纪到19世纪创作的6

36、000余件作品。9多维训练(1)完成句子这个故事使我想起了中学生时的经历。This story reminds me of my experience when I was a middle school student.我可以提醒你做作业吗？Can I remind you to do your homework?(2)Legend has it that the origin of the Dragon Boat Festival is to the soul of Qu Yuan.(2022·江苏，33)A.remember B.remindC.recover D.recall

37、答案D解析考查动词词义辨析。句意为：传说端午节的起源是为了召回屈原的灵魂。remember记住；remind提醒；recover康复，使恢复；recall召回。10多维训练(1)完成句子只有这样我们才能影响我们所生活的星球。Only in this way can we make a difference to the planet we live in.他来与不来这里对我来说关系不大。It makes no difference to me whether he comes here or not.(2)Experience doesnt always to the problem we a

38、re faced with.A.make a choice B.make a differenceC.make up D.make out答案B解析make a choice做出选择；make a difference起作用，有影响，有意义；make up组成，编造，化装；make out理解，识别出。句意为：经验并不总是能解决你所面临的问题。11As you know，the UN touches the lives of people everywhere.正如你们所知，联合国触及各地人们的生活。(1)as引导限制性定语从句，从句前必须出现such，as，so，the same结构。(2)

39、as引导非限制性定语从句，指代主句的内容，在从句中作主语或宾语。(1)Such people as were recommended by him were reliable.他所推荐的人是可靠的。(2)We were sitting，as I remember，in a riverside restaurant.我记得我们当时是坐在一个河畔的餐馆里。多维训练(1)一句多译我们都知道，地球围着太阳转。As is known to us all，the earth turns around the sun.(as)It is known to us all that the earth turn

40、s around the sun.(it)What is known to us all is that the earth turns around the sun.(what)(2)The number of smokers， is reported，has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.(2022·江苏，21)A.it B.whichC.what D.as答案D解析考查定语从句。句意为：据报道，吸烟者的数量在一年内下降了17%。as引导非限制性定语从句，意为“正如，符合句意，应选D项。12If only I were a Good

41、will Ambassador！要是我是亲善大使多好！(1)if only意为“但愿，要是就好了。主要用于虚拟语气中，常用以表达强烈的愿望或非真实条件。表示与现在事实相反的愿望用过去时；表示与过去事实相反的愿望用过去完成时；表示与将来事实相反的愿望用would/could/mightdo。(2)only if.只有，if引导条件状语从句，从句不用虚拟语气，置于句首时，主句要用倒装语序。(1)The picture exhibition bored me to death.If only I hadnt gone to it.画展让我厌烦至死，如果我没有来看展览就好了。(2) If only I

42、 could stay in Spain as an exchange student!要是我能够在西班牙做一名交换生就好了！(2022·广东)(3)Only if a teacher has given permission is a student allowed to enter this room.只有得到老师的允许，学生才能进入这个房间。多维训练(1)用所给词的适当形式填空If only she had lived(live) a little longer!If only everyone here were(be) honest.(2)What a pity！The b

43、us has just left.Oh， I had come to the stop five minutes earlier.A.only if B.if onlyC.only just D.not only答案B解析考查虚拟语气。句意为：真遗憾！公共汽车刚刚离开。哦，要是我早5分钟来车站就好了。 if only 表示“要是就好了，引导表示虚拟语气的句子。(3)Only if people of all the countries are united the existing problems.A.can we solve B.we can solveC.did we solve D.w

44、e solved答案A解析考查倒装。句意为：只有当所有国家的人民都联合起来的时候我们才能解决现有的问题。“only状语从句放在句首，主句要用倒装语序，且根据题干中的are可知，应用一般现在时，因此选A。微写作写作素材(关于贫困问题)1.现在仍然有很多人生活在贫困线以下。2.他们缺衣少食。3.幸运地是，政府正在想尽一切方法帮助他们，公众也向他们捐款。4.另外，许多年轻人做志愿工作，到偏远地区教孩子们读书。提示：黑体局部用本单元词汇表达。连句成篇(将以上句子连成一篇50词左右的英语短文)Nowadays many people still live in poverty and they lack

45、 food and clothes.Luckily，the government is trying every means to help them and the public also contribute money to them.In addition，many young people do some voluntary work to teach children in the remote areas.单项填空1.In order to make contributions to the protection of the environment，the company en

46、courages its workforce to make the switch to means of transportation such as carpooling or biking to reduce air pollution.A.primitive B.systematicC.potential D.alternative答案D解析考查形容词词义辨析。句意为：为了给环保作奉献，公司鼓励全体员工改变交通方式以减少空气污染，如拼车或骑自行车。alternative两者择一的，可替代的，符合句意。primitive原始的；systematic有系统的，有条理的；potential潜

47、在的，可能的。2.The survivors of the crashed plane had no food or water and were the extreme cold weather.A.at the risk of B.in the charge ofC.at the mercy of D.in the possession of答案C解析根据句意可知，这些空难的幸存者没有水和食物，在极度寒冷的天气里很无助。at the risk of冒着的危险；in the charge of在的管理之下；at the mercy of任摆布，在前毫无方法；in the possession

48、 of拥有，持有。C项符合题意。3.May I try the jacket on? ，but I think it will be too large for you.A.That all dependsB.By all meansC.With pleasureD.Youre welcome答案B解析考查情景交际。句意为：我能试一下这个夹克吗？当然可以，但是我觉得你穿着太大了。That all depends视情况而定；By all means一定，当然可以；With pleasure乐意效劳；Youre welcome不客气。应选B。4.Would you please make up a

49、 topic worth in tomorrows conference?A.discussing B.to be discussedC.to discussed D.being discussed答案A解析worth.作后置定语，修饰a topic；worth后常用doing，主动形式表被动含义。5.Running a company is not a matter of hiring peoplethey also need to be trained.A.simply B.partlyC.seriously D.equally答案A解析句意为：经营公司不仅仅是一个雇佣人的问题这些人也需要

50、培训。simply简单地，仅仅；partly局部地；seriously严肃认真地；equally平等地。6.The story shows that knowledge of first aid can make real difference.A.the；the；/ B.a；/；aC./；the；a D.a；/；/答案B解析考查冠词的用法及固定搭配。句意为：这个故事说明有了急救知识确实能起很大的作用。knowledge是不可数名词，一般前面不能加不定冠词，但a knowledge of sth.掌握某方面的知识，前面需加a；first aid前面不用加冠词；make a difference

51、有影响，有关系，是固定短语，应选B项。7.I didnt see you at the concert last week.What a pity!If only I the time.A.afford B.affordedC.had afforded D.would afford答案C解析考查虚拟语气。句意为：很遗憾！上周的音乐会上没有看到你。如果我能抽得出时间就好了。从第一句话看出答话者没有去听音乐会，根据答语可知，此处是对过去情况的虚拟，因此选C。8.The landlady had a few rooms to rent for the students.A.empty B.blank

52、C.vacant D.hollow答案C解析empty里面未放东西的；blank空白的；vacant未被占用的，空着的；hollow中空的。根据句意可知C项正确。9. the job takes a significant amount of time，most students agree that the experience is worth it.(2022·湖南，33)A.If only B.AfterC.Although D.In case答案C解析句意为：虽然这份工作要花大量的时间，但大多数学生都同意这次经历是值得的。句中的a significant amount of

53、 time与worth it之间构成比照，故用although引导让步状语从句。10.Health problems are closely connected with bad eating habits and a of exercise.A.limit B.lackC.need D.demand答案B解析句意为：健康问题与不良的饮食习惯和缺乏锻炼息息相关。lack 缺乏，符合句意。limit限制；need需要；demand需求。11. As far as Im concerned，walking is a cheap，safe and enjoyable form of exercise

54、. ，its environmentally friendly.A.In addition B.On the contraryC.In return D.As a result答案A解析句意为：据我所知，走路是一种廉价、平安、令人愉快的锻炼方式，此外，它还很环保。in addition 此外；on the contrary相反；in return 作为回报；as a result因此，所以。12.It was unwise of him to the unreliable data in his speech.A.refer to B.add toC.belong to D.point to答案A解析句意为：他在演讲中提及不可靠的数据的做法是不明智的。refer to提及，参考，查阅；add to增添；belong to属于；point to指向。根据句意可知应选A项。13.Call me at 9：00.I cant afford to miss such a conference.Dont worry，sir.Youll surely be .A.reminded B.warnedC.informed D.remembered答案