中考初中英语常用构词法归纳

1、中考初中英语常用构词法归纳词汇的分类和构词法一、复习要点阐述我们学习的语言的每一篇文章都是由句子构成的。每一个句子都是由或多或少的词构成的。单词是语言构成的最基础内容，教英语的老师通常会说乙个学生记住的词汇是与他的英语成绩成正比。这句话说明了一件事，就是词汇量的重要性。就像我们自己的国语中文，一个孩子从小到大，在日常生活中记住了大量的词汇，所以运用起来很自如。如何能记好英语的单词及其他们的用法，了解英语的词类和构词法对于一个考生来说是很重要的。所以在今天的专题中，我们将复习英语的词类和初中阶段我们所要掌握的几种构词法，使同学们对英语的词类及其简单的用法有一定的了解，并能正确的使用词汇。二、要点

2、复习的策略及技巧（一）英语的词类英语中的词类根据其语法功能分为名词、冠词、代词、数词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词、动词十类。根据意义又可以分为实词和虚词。实词指具有实际意义并能单独作句子成分的词。这些词是名词、数词、代词、形容词、副词和动词六类。虚词指没有实际意义或实际意义不明显、不能在句子中单独作句子成分的词。这些词是冠词、介词、连词和感叹词四类。下面我们就词汇的分类、名称、作用及例词列表。分类词类英语名称句子成分例词全称简称实词名词nounn.主语、宾语、定语、表语、同位语、补足语Lily莉莉（女孩名）,childhood童年，hair头发，visitor访问者，beauty漂亮代词pron

3、ounpron.主语、宾语、定语、表语、同位语I我，we我们，their他（她、它）们的，none没有一个，which哪一个，who谁，whatever无论什么数词numeralnum.主语、宾语、定语、表语、同位语、补足语one一个，ninth第九，60%百分之六十形容词adjectivea.或adj.表语、定语、状语、补足语clever聪明的，pretty漂凫的，popular流行的，interesting有趣的副词adverbad.或表语、状语、补足语curiously好奇地，bravely勇敢adv.地，straight径直地，hard努力地动词verbv.谓语decide决定，lik

4、e喜欢，borrow借，change改变虚词冠词articleart.a,an不定冠词，the定冠词介词prepositionprep.in在里，before在前面，beyond超过、在外面连词conjunctionconj.and同、和、与，when当时候，until直到为止，if如果，once一旦感叹词interjectionint.oh啊、噢，ah啊,aha啊哈,alas啊呀，hurrah好哇从上面的表格中我们简要地讲解了英语十大词类的基本用法。同学们可以仔细的体会一下此表的内容。这将有助于你们对句子和文章的理解。（二）构词法语言的基本要素之一是词汇。在语言发展的最初阶段，人们使用的是少

5、量而简单的词汇，这些词汇只表示日常简单的事物和概念，构成语言最基本的词，称为原生词，也叫基本词或词根词。英语里的原生词大都是单音节的。如：sun,man,head,foot,fish,see,run等，其数量是有限的。随着社会的发展与进步，语言的扩充与融合使语言变得复杂，原有的原生词已不够用，人们便创造了一些新词来表示新有的事物与概念，按照语言一定的规律创造新词的方法，就是我们所说的构词法。在初中阶段我们学习了下列构词法，了解了这些构词法，我们对词的用法就更方便一些。1.合成法合成法至今保持着旺盛的生命力，在现代英语中不少新词都是借助原有的词合成的。1）名词+名词一名词basket（篮子）+b

6、all（球）fbasketball篮球book（书）+shop（商店）fbooksho那店book（书）+store（商店）fbookstores店house（房子）+work（劳动）fhousewor嫁务劳动home（家庭）+work（工作）fhomework家庭作业2）形容词+名词一名词black（黑色的）+board（木板）一blackboard黑板English（英国的）+man（人）fEnglishman英国人loud（大声的）+speaker（说话者）一loudspeake扬声器3）动词的-ing形式+名词diningroom餐厅drinkingwater饮用水sewingmach

7、ine缝纫机runningwater自来水washingmachine洗衣机writingdesk写字桌walkingstick拐杖4)名词+动词的-ing形式shoe-making制作鞋子dressmaking做裙子注意：合成词的构成方式有词与词之间加连字符writingpaper信纸letter-writing写信story-telling讲故事3种：词与词合成一个词;handwriting书法centralheating中央供暖词与词分开；3)介词+名词一名词(或形容词)after(在后)+noon(正午)fafternoonT午under(在下面)+ground(地面)-undergr

8、oun曲下的4)名词+过去分词一形容词man(人)+made(做)fmanmade人造的5)名词(形容词)+名词+ed一形容词glass侬壬)+topped(顶部的)一glassopped玻璃罩着的kind(善良的)+hearted(心)fkindhearted好心的6)副词+名词一介词in(里面)+side(边)一insideB内down(在下)+stairs(楼梯)一downstair兼楼下2.派生法派生法是通过在词根上加后缀或前缀构成新词。它不仅扩充了英语词汇，而且丰富了语言的表现力。后缀(后缀多数改变词性而不改变词义)：1)动词或形容词+er/or名词write(v.)写writer(

9、n.)作者travel(v.)旅行traveler(n.)旅客foreign(adj.)夕卜国的fforeigner(n.)夕卜国人invent(v.)发明一inventor(n.)发明家visit(v.)参观一visitor(n.)参观者2)动词+(t)ion/sioninvent(v.)发明finvention(n.)发明operate(v.)做手术operation(n.)手术decide(v.)决定decision(n.)决定attend(v.)注意/参力口attention(n.)注意3)动词+ing/ed名词或形容词buildv.建筑一buildingn.建筑物interestv.

10、使感兴趣-interesting/interestedadj.有趣的pleasev.使高兴pleasedadj.高兴的4)名词+ese词和形容词China(n.)中国一Chinese(n.)中国人(adj.)汉语的Japan(n.)日本一Japanesen.)日本人(adj.)日语的5)名词或动词+ful形容词help(n.)帮助一helpful(adj)有帮助的use(n.)使用一useful(adj.)有用的6)动词+able一形容词enjoy(v.)喜欢一enjoyable(adj.)有趣的forget(v.)忘记一forgettable(adj.)容易被忘的7)名词+en-形容词woo

11、l(n.)羊毛-woolen(adj.)羊毛的wood(n.)木材一wooden(adj.)木制的8)名词+y一形容词sun(n.)太阳一sunny(adj.)阳光灿烂的cloud(n.)云一cloudy(adj.)多云的luck(n.)运气一lucky(adj.)运气好的noise(n.)响声一noisy(adj.)喧闹的smell(n.)味道，气味一smelly(adj.)有使人难受的气味的，臭的9)形容词+ly-giJWhappy(adj)高兴的一happily(adv.)高兴地wide(adj.)宽广的fwidely(adv.)宽广地10)形容词+ness一名词good(adj.)好的

12、fgoodness(n.)好意kind(adj.)善良的fkindness(n.)和蔼happy(adj.)开心的fhappiness(n.)开心11)名词+ly年容词friend(n.)朋友一friendly(adj.)友好的love(n.)爱一lovely(adj.)可爱的12)名词+less形容词(词义与加ful相反)care+less-careadss)粗心白勺help+less-help(adjs)无助的13)名词+al形容词nation(n.)民族一nationaladj.国家的education(n.)教育一educationaladj.教育性的tradition(n.)传统一t

13、raditionaladj.传统的14)名词+ist名词science(n.)科学scientist(n.)科学家piano(n.)车忖琴pianist(n.)车W琴家tour(n.)旅游，观光旅行一tourist(n.)旅行者，观光客15)动词+ment学词develop(v.)发展fdevelopmentn.)发展agree(v.)同意fagreement(n.)同意，一致,协议argue(v.)争论，辩论-argument(n.)争吵;论据16)形容词+ity名词able(adj.)能够的一ability(n.)能力,才能possible(adj.)可能的一possibility(n.)

14、可能性real(adj.)真的，真实的一reality(n.)现实，实际，真实17)名词+ous理容词danger(n.)危险dangerous(adj.)危险的18)名词+ish容词fool(n.)愚人，傻瓜一foolish(adj.)愚蠢的，傻的child(n.)孩子一childish(adj.)孩子气的,幼稚的book(n.)书一bookish(adj.)书生气的19)形容词或名词+en-动词wide(adj.)广泛的，宽阔的一widen(v.)弄宽sharp(adj.)锋利的，急剧的一sharpen(v.)使.尖锐，变为锐利fright(n.)惊吓一frighten(v.)使惊吓,害怕

15、，惊恐20)名词或形容词+ify型词beauty(n.)美丽-beautify”)美化，变美，修饰simple(adj.)简单的一simplify(v.)简化,使单纯21)形容词+ize司词real（adj.）真的，真实的一realize（v.）了解，实现,察觉;领悟memory（n.）记忆力一memorize（v.）记忆22）动词+tive形容词act（v.）行为，行动一active（adj.）积极的，主动的attract（v.）吸引，有吸引力一attractive（adj.）有吸引力的，引起注意的23）动词+ess用词（女性）host（v.）主持，做东fhostess（n.）女主人act（

16、v.）行动，扮演一actress（n.）女演员wait（v.）等待，等候一waitress（n.）女侍者，女服务员前缀（前缀一般只改变词的意思而不改变其词性）：1） un-（不，非，表示否定，形容词前缀）happy（高兴的）unhappy高兴的）like（像）一unlike不像）2） im-（不，无，非，表示否定，形容词前缀，常用在p,b,m开头的单词前）possible（可能的）一impossibl郎可能的）polite（礼貌的）一impolite（不礼貌的）3） in-（不，无，非，表示否定，形容词前缀）Active（活跃的）一inactive（不活跃的）Complete（完全的）一inc

17、omplete不完全的4） dis-（不，非，表示否定，动词或形容词或名词前缀）honest（诚实的）一dishonest（不诚实的）agree（同意）一disagree（不同意）advantage优势一disadvantage不利，不利条件5） mis-（表示错误）understand（理解）fmisunderstand（误解）mistake（错误）一misuse（误用）6） re-（再，重复）tell叙述一retell复述build建筑一rebuild重建write（写）rewrite（重写）7） bi-（两个、双边的）bicolor双色的8） inter-（相互、交互、在一起）inter

18、view,international,internet9） tele-（远）telephone,television10） kilo-（千）meter米一kilometer公里，千米gram克一kilogram千克11） micro-（微，小）microwaveoven微波炉microcomputer微型电脑12） sub-（下，次，亚，准，副）subway地铁，sub-zero零度以下的，subcollege准大学程度的，subworker助手，副手,suboffice分办事处，subcompany分公司3 .转化法转化法，而无须借助词缀，就实现在英语发展过程中，由于词尾的基本消失，衍生出一

19、种新的构词法词类的转化。1）名词一动词rainn.雨rainv.下雨shopn.商店shopv.购物watern.水waterv.浇水landn.陆地landv.着陆namen.名字namev.命名注意不少动词转化为名词或名词转化为动词，词义没有什么大变化，易于推测出词义。如：answer（回答）,change（变化）,fight（打架）,love（爱）,rest（休息）,smile（微笑）,shout（喊）,study（学习）,talk（谈话）,visit（访问）,wish（希望）,work（工作）等。2）形容词一动词lastadj.最后的lastv.持续tidyadj.整洁的tidyv.使

20、整洁ownadj.自己的ownv.拥有3）形容词一名词backadj.后面的backn.背部，后面lightadj.明亮的lightn.灯4）动词一名词stopv.停止stopn.车站liftv.举起liftn.电梯注意词形不变，读音的差别（字母s读z为动词，读s为名词或形容词）usev.使用usen用途excusev.原谅excusen.借口词形改变的转化：livev.生活lifen.生活fillv.装满fulladj.满的savev.救safeadj.安全的enterv.进入entrancen.入口处differentadj.不同白勺differencen.不同之处注意：形容词一名词imp

21、ortantimportancedifferentdifference4 .缩写和简写缩略法是把原有的词汇通过缩短，在读音和写法方面呈现新的形式。这种构词方式用得很普遍,特别是近几年来，随着科学技术的飞速发展，产生了很多新的缩略词。缩略法主要有如下几种。（1）剪切法：剪切法是指从某个词的完整形式中删除一个或更多音节，由此构成新词的方法。剪切原词的开始部分bicyclecycle自行车taxicabcab出租车airplane/aeroplaneplane飞机telephonephone电话剪切原词的中间部分examinationexam考试taxicabtaxi出租车photographpho

22、to图片laboratorylab实验室(2)混成法混成法是指由两个词混合或紧缩而成为一个复合词的方法。这种复合词都保留了原来两个词的一部分，其后半部分表示主体，前半部分表示属性。breakfast+lunch-brunch早晨和中午之间的饭smoke+fogsmog浓烟motor+hotelmotel汽车旅馆boat+motorbotor电动船news+broadcastnewscast新闻广播television+broadcasttelecast电视广播cheese+hamburger-cheeseburger放有干酪的肉饼beef+hamburgerbeefburger煎牛肉饼Euro

23、pean+televisionEurovision欧洲电视网词汇的分类和构词法专项练习根据句子的意义，用所给单词的正确形式填空。1. Itisoneofthehighest(build)inthiscity.2. LiuYutianisthefirstpersontowalkthewhole(long)oftheGreatWall.3. Idon'tknowhowtomaketheproblemmuch(easy).4. Thisbabyjusthasthree(tooth).5. Hewasoneofthe(run)whowontherace.6. Lookatthesun.Toda

24、yisa(sun)day.7. Thestudentsareenjoying(them)onthebeach.8. I'mafraidhe'smadethewrong(decide)onthatmatter.9. MrsBrownbecame(worry)whensheheardthenewsaboutherson.10. Tonygotthe(two)placeinthemathsexamlastmonth.11. Thereisa(cut)machineinthemiddleoftheworkshop.12. Thewindblew(heavy)ontheeveningof

25、ChristmasDay.13. Let'shaveten(minute)restfirst,thenwe'llgooncollectingthelitter.14. LiHuawonthefirstplaceinthesportsmeet.Heisthe(proud)ofourclass.15. ThreeJapanese(climber)weretrappedonthemountainlastTuesday.16. TheTVplayisso(interest)thatIwanttoseeitagain.17. Look!How(happy)thechildrenareda

26、ncing!18. Theroomnexttomineisalways(noise).19. Don'topenyourbooks.Pleasekeepthem(close).20. Thedictionaryisvery(help)tomystudy.21. I'mgoingtogivemysistersome(beauty)flowersforhergraduation.22. Theweatherhereisveryfine.Wehavealotof(sun)everyday.23. Amongallhis(invent),thatisthemostimportanton

27、einhislife.24. AformwasgivenMaggietofillinher(person)information.25. ChinaisacountrywhileAmericaisacountry.(develop)一、英语阅读理解专项练习试卷1 .阅读理解Happinessisforeveryone.Youdon'tneedtocareaboutthosepeoplewhohavebeautifulhouseswithlargegardensandswimmingpoolsorthosewhohavenicecarsandalotofmoneyandsoon.Thos

28、ewhohavebighousesmayoftenfeellonelyandthosewhohavecarsmaywanttowalkonthecountryroadsattheirfreetime.Infacthappinessisalwaysaroundyouifyouputyourheartintoit.Whenyouareintroubleatschool,yourfriendswillhelpyou.Whenyoustudyhardatyourlessons,yourparentsarealwaystakinggoodcareofyourlifeandyourhealth.Wheny

29、ougetsuccess,yourfriendswillsaycongratulationstoyou.Whenyoudosomethingwrong,peoplearoundyouwillhelpyoutocorrectit.Andwhenyoudosomethinggoodtoothers,youwillfeelhappytoo.Alltheseareyourhappiness.Ifyounoticethemyoucanseethathappinessisalwaysaroundyou.Happinessisnotthesameasmoney.Itisafeelingofyourheart

30、.Whenyouarepoor,youcanalsosayyouareveryhappybecauseyouhavesomethingelsethatcan'tbeboughtwithmoney.Whenyoumeetwithdifficulties,youcansayloudlyyouareveryhappybecauseyouhavemorechancestochallengeyourselves.Soyoucannotalwayssayyouarepoorandyouhavebadluck.Ifyoutakeeverychanceyouget,youwillbeahappyand

31、luckyperson.(1) Happinessisfor.A.allpeopleB.thosewhohavealotmoneyC.thosewhohavelargeandbeautifulhousesD.thosewhohavecars(2) Whenyoudosomethingwrong,.A.youhavenochancetochallengeyouB.peoplearoundyouwillhelpyouC.yourclassmateswilllaughatyouD.youwillbehappy(3) "Happinessisnotthesameasmoney"me

32、ans.A. moneydoesn'talwaysbringhappinessB.moneyalwaysbringshappinessC.everythingcanalwaysbringhappinessD.onlyrichpeoplehavehappinessA.LifeandSuccessB. HappinessandLuckC. DoSomethingGoodtoOthersD.Happiness【答案】(1)AB(3) A(4) D【解析】【分析】文章大意：文章主要论述了快乐无处不在，只要你抓住你的每一次机会，你就会快乐。(1)细节理解题，根据Happinessisforeve

33、ryone.可知，快乐是每一个人的，也就是所有人的，故答案是Ao(2)细节理解题，根据Whenyoudosomethingwrong,peoplearoundyouwillhelpyoutocorrectit.可知，当你做错了事，你身边的人不帮助你改正。故答案是B。(3)句意猜测题，一般而言，金钱可以买到一切物质性的东西，但是快乐是内心的一种感受，是不能够用金钱买到的，因此说金钱并不能够总是买到一切。故答案是Ao(4)标题判断题，从文章的第一句Happinessisforeveryone.到文章的最后一句youwillbeahappyandluckyperson.都是围绕着快乐展开论述的，故答

34、案是D。【点评】考查阅读理解，本题主要涉及到了细节理解题、句意猜测题和标题判断题，细节理解题一般可以直接从文中找到答案，句意猜测则需要根据其字面意思或者该句的前后句进行合理的想象和推理，而标题判断题则需要在从分理解文章的基础上，提炼中心，凝练句式。2.阅读短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。BlueLightninggc-kartSallylovedcarsmorethananythingelse.Thisspringshethoughtofbuildingago-karttoenterfortheGo-GoRace.Sosheaskedherdadforhelp.&qu

35、ot;Well,"hesaid."Howaboutthis:youdosomeresearchfirstandthencomebacktomewithadesign."Aweeklater,SallybroughthernotesanddrawingstoDad.Shenamedhergo-kart"BlueLightning".Dadlookedoverherwork,thinking."Well,that'sinteresting,"hesaid."Haveatry.JustbuildBlueLight

36、ningasyou'vedesigned."Overthreeweekendsofhardwork,Sallyturnedherdesignintoareal,workinggo-kartandpainteditlightblue.Dadaskedhertotakeitforatestdrive.Sallyagreed.Aftershedidthat,SallydrovebacktoDad."Well,"shesaid."NowIknowwhyyouwantedmetohaveatestdrive.""Oh,doyou?&qu

37、ot;hesaid."Pleaseshare.""WhenIdrovefast,therewasalotofpushback,"shesaid."Ithinkit'sbecauseofthelightningbolt(闪电)shape.""Verygood!"Dadsaid."So,whydidn'tyoutellmeaboutthatprobleminthefirstplace?"Sallyasked.Dadlaughed."Where'sthefuninth

38、at?Ifyougiveamanafish,he'lleatforaday.Butifyouteachamantofish,he'lleatforalifetime."Sallysaid,"Isee.Anyway,designingishalfthefun!"Dadsmiled."Good.Sometimes,learninghappensduringtheprocess.Welearnhowtodosomethingrightbydoingitafewtimesfirstandmakingmistakesalongtheway.&quo

39、t;ThatencouragedSallyandsheworkedevenharder.WhensheshowedDadhernewgo-kart,henoddedwithpride.Finallycametherace.Sallywasn'tworriedaboutwhethershewouldwininhermind,shehadalreadywon,bybuildingsomethingbetterthaneverbefore.11) Sallythoughtofbuildingago-kartto.A.practicedrivingB.enterforaraceC.playwi

40、thfriendsD.dosomeresearch2 2)WhatdidSally'sdadaskhertodoaftershebuiltthego-kart?A.Tohaveatestdrive.B.Totakeagoodrest.C.Togiveitacoolname.D.Topaintitlightblue.3 3)Sally'sstorymainlytellsusthat.A.winningaraceisimportantB.fishingbringsusalotoffunC.drivingexperienceisnecessaryD.learninghappensdu

41、ringtheprocess【答案】(1)BA(3)D【解析】【分析】文章大意：本文主要讲述在过程中学习，我们通过做某事数次，然后发现错误，最后学会怎样正确地做某事。(1)细节题。根据Thisspringshethoughtofbuildingago-karttoenterfortheGo-GoRace.可知她想造卡丁车参加比赛，故选Bo(2)细节题。根据Dadaskedhertotakeitforatestdrive.造好卡丁车后，爸爸叫她进行测试驾，故选A。(3)主旨题。文章主要讲述我们通过做某事数次，然后发现错误，最后学会怎样正确地做某事，在过程中学习，故选D。【点评】细节题和主旨题是阅

42、读理解题中常考题型。细节题要从文中寻找答案；主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。3.阅读下面短文，从下面每小题的A、BC、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。Oneafternoon,onmywayhome,Isawacaraccident(事故)！Iaskedpeopleforhelp,butnoonestopped.Whenthecardriverandhiswifesawthis,theyquicklyclosedthewindowofthecaranddroveaway."WhatshallIdo?Theoldmanneedshelp,"Ithought.Attha

43、ttime,atruckstoppedandthedrivercameout."What'swrongwiththeoldman?WhatcanIdo?"thedriveraskedme."Sir,pleasehelptheoldman.Acarhithimandheisbadlyhurt!"Isaid."well,don'tworry.Letmetakehimtothehospitalfirst,"thedriversaid.Afewminuteslater,thedrivertooktheoldmantotheho

44、spitalandIcalledthepolice.ItoldthewholestorytothepoliceandIalsotoldthemthenumberofthecar.Thepolicesaidtome,"Welldone,boy!Leaveittous,Wewillpunish(惩罚)them!"WhenIgothome,itwas7:30.IthoughtIwasgreat.(1) Oneafternoon,acarhit.A. ayoungmanB.aboyC.atruckD.anoldmanWhatdidthetruckdriverdo?A.Hedrove

45、awayquickly.B. Hestoppedforawhileandthendroveaway.C. Hetooktheoldmantothehospital.D. Hecalledthepolice.(3) Whatdidthewriterthinkofhimself?A.Verygood.B.Veryterrible.C.Verynervous.D.Verysurprised.(4) WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?A. Whenthecardriversawtheaccident,hequicklydroveaway

46、B. Afteralongtime,thecardrivertooktheoldmantothehospitalC. Thewritertoldthewholestorytothepolice.D. Thewritergothomeat7:30(5) Whatdoyouthinkofthewriter?A. Heisabadperson.B. Heisaniceperson.C. Heisastrangeperson.D. Heisahandsomeperson.【答案】(1)DC(3) A(4) B(5) B【解析】【分析】文章大意：本文作者讲述了一场交通事故的情况。(1)细节题。根据ple

47、asehelptheoldman.Acarhithimandheisbadlyhurt!可知一辆轿车撞着一位老人。故选D.(2)细节题。根据well,don'tworry.Letmetakehimtothehospitalfirst,"thedriversaid.可知卡车司机把老人带到医院。故选Co(4)推断题。根据(3)细节题。根据IthoughtIwasgreat.可知，作者认为自己是棒的。故选A。Whenthecardriverandhiswifesawthis,theyquicklyclosedthewindowofthecaranddroveaway.可知A正确；根

48、据well,don'tworry.Letmetakehimtothehospitalfirst,"thetruckdriversaid.可知B错误；根据Itoldthewholestorytothepolice可知C正确；根据WhenIgothome,itwas7:30.可知D正确。故选Bo(5)推断题。根据pleasehelptheoldman.Acarhithimandheisbadlyhurt!"Isaid.可知这个男孩是一个善良的人。故选Bo【点评】考查阅读理解。细节题和推理判断题都是常考题型。细节题要注意细节从文中找答案；推理题是根据上下文，推断出所需要的

49、信息。4 .阅读理解Weallknowthatmanywomenliketoweardresses.Theyenjoymanykindsofcolourfulandpopulardresses.Buthaveyoueverheardofa4Ddress?JessicaRosenkrantzintheUSAused3Dprintingtechnologytomakeaveryspecialandnewdress.Itwillhelpwiththeproblemsofdifferentstylesofwomen'sdresses.Thedressmakercalledthespeciald

50、ressa"4Ddress"".Itislikethefabric(织物).Itcanturnintodifferentkindsofshapes.Thecompany,inMassachusetts,theUSA,alsomadeasmartphoneandanapp(应用).Theycanhelpwomentocontroltheirdresses.Ifwomenusethephoneandtheapp,theycanchangethecolour,thestyleandmanyotherthingsofthedresses.Isn'titveryin

51、teresting?Whenshetalkedaboutherwork,Jessicasaid,"Therewillbemanymorechangeabledressesforwomeninthefuture.Iaminterestedinmakingthemtoo,Ican'twaittomakedifferentkindsofnewdressesforwomen."(1) Whatwillthe4Ddressdoforwomen?A.Itwillmakewomenrelaxthemselvesalot.B.Itwillturnintodifferentstyle

52、sforwomen.C.Itwillhelpwomenkeepthinandbeautiful.D.Itwillhelpwomenfindgoodjobseasily.(2) Whatdoestheunderlinedword"It"inthepassagereferto?A. The4Ddress.B. 3Dprintingtechnology.C.Acompany.D.Thedressmaker.(3) WhatwillJessicadointhefuture?A. Shewillhavemanycompaniesaroundtheworld.B. Shewillbuy

53、averynewsmartphoneandusetheapp.C. Shewillmakemanymorechangeabledresses.D. Shewillhelpwomenchoosemorebeautifuldresses.(4) Fromthepassage,wecaninferthat.A. JessicaRosenkrantzusedacommonthingtomakethe4DdressB. the4DdresscanonlyturnintotenkindsofshapesforwomenC. thecompanyintheUKmadethesmartphonetocontr

54、olthe4DdressD. womenmayusethephoneandtheapptochangethestyleofthedress5 5)What'sthebesttitleforthispassage?A.Women'shobbiesB.Women'sstylesC.Jessica'sdrearD.The4Ddress【答案】(1)BA(3) C(4) D(5) D【解析】【分析】本文介绍了4D连衣裙，未来会有更多适合女性的多变服装。(1) 推理题。根据theycanchangethecolour,thestyleandmanyotherthingso

55、fthedresses可知，4d服装对于女性来说，它会变成不同的风格，故选B。(2)词义猜测题。根据Thedressmakercalledthespecialdressa"4Ddress"".Itislikethefabric(织物).Itcanturnintodifferentkindsofshapes服装制造商称这种特殊服装为"4d艮装"。它就像织物(织物)。它可以变成不同的形状可知it指代4D连衣裙，故选Ao(3)细节题。根据Ican'twaittomakedifferentkindsofnewdressesforwomen可知杰

56、西卡将来会做很多更易变的衣服，故选Co(4)推理题。根据Ifwomenusethephoneandtheapp,theycanchangethecolour,thestyleandmanyotherthingsofthedresses如果女性使用手机和应用程序，她们可以改变衣服的颜色、风格和其他许多东西可知，女性可能会使用手机和应用程序来改变着装风格，故选Do(5)主旨题。根据本文介绍了4D连衣裙，未来会有更多适合女性的多变服装可知The4Ddress是适合的标题，故选Do【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推断题，词义猜测题和主旨题四种常考题型，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息，词义猜测题需要根据上下文提炼相关信息锁定词意，主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。5.阅读理解IwastravellingalonethroughtheUK.Toreachplacesthatwereoffth