2020年高三英语高考阅读理解专项训练—文化类

1、2020年高考英语阅读理解专项训练文化类AcharacteristicofAmericanculturethathasbecomealmostatraditionistorespecttheself-mademanthemanwhohasrisentothetopthroughhisownefforts,usuallybeginningbyworkingwithhishands.Whiletheleaderinbusinessorindustryorthecollegeprofessoroccupiesahighersocialpositionandcommandsgreaterrespect

2、inthecommunitythanthecommonlaboreroreventheskilledfactoryworker,hemaytakepainstopointoutthathisfatherstartedlifeinAmericaasafarmerorlaborerofsomesort.Thisattitudetowardmanual（体力的）laborsnowstillseeninmanyaspectsofAmericanlife.Oneisinvitedtodinneratahomethatisnotonlycomfortablybutevenluxuriously（豪华地）f

3、urnishedandinwhichthereiseveryevidenceofthefactthatthefamilyhasbeenabletoaffordforeigntravel,expensivehobbies,andcollegeeducationforthechildren;yetthehostessprobablywillcookthedinnerherself,willserveitherselfandwillwashdishesafterward,furthermorethedinnerwillnotconsistmerelyofsomethingquicklyandeasi

4、lyassembledfromcontentsofvariouscansandacakeorapieboughtatthenearbybakery.Onthecontrary,thehostessusuallytakesprideincarefulpreparationofspecialdishes.Aprofessionalmanmaytalkaboutwashingthecar,digginginhisflowerbeds,paintingthehouse.Hiswifemayevenhelpwiththesethings,justasheoftenhelpsherwiththedishw

5、ashing.Thesonwhoisawayatcollegemaywaitontableandwashdishesforhisliving,orduringthesummerhemayworkwithaconstructiongangonahighwayinordertopayforhiseducation.1. Fromparagraph1,wecanknowthatinAmerica.A. peopletendtohaveahighopinionoftheself-mademanB. peoplecanalwaysrisetothetopthroughtheirwoneffortsC.

6、collegeprofessorswingreatrespectfromcommonworkersD. peoplefeelpainfultomentiontheirfathersaslabors.2. Accordingtothepassage,thehostesscooksdinnerherselfmainlybecause.A. servantsinAmericanarehardtogetB. shetakesprideinwhatshecandoherselfC. shecanhardlyaffordservantsD. Itiseasytoprepareamealwithcanned

7、food3. Theexpression“waitontable”inthesecondparagraphmeans“”.A.workinafurnitureshopB.keepaccountsforabarC.waittolaythetableD.servecustomersinarestaurant4. Whichofthefollowingmayserveasthebesttitleofthepassage?A.ARespectableSelf-madeFamilyB.AmericanAttitudetowardManualLaborC.CharacteristicsofAmerican

8、CultureD.TheDevelopmentofManualLabor【答案解析】本文介绍了崇尚自我奋斗，尊重体力劳动的美国文化。1. A。细节题。根据AcharacteristicofAmericanculturethathasbecomealmostatraditionistorespecttheself-mademade我们可以了解到，“崇尚自我奋斗”是美国文化的特点。2. B。推断题。根据Thisattitudetowardmanual（体力的）laborisnowstillseeninmanyaspectsofAmericanlife.（在美国生活的方方面面，尊重体力劳动态度的现象

9、仍然随处可见），可以推断女主人亲自下厨，是因为她以能做这样的体力活而自豪。3. D。词义猜测题。waitontable意为“服务顾客”，注意其后的washingdishes也有一定的暗示意义，故答案为D。4. B。主旨题。纵观全文，文章主要讲了美国崇尚自我奋斗，尊重体力劳动的文化习惯。故答案为B。5. ）Achildwhohasoncebeenpleasedwithatalelikes,asarule,tohaveitretoldinalmostthesamewords,butthisshouldnotleadparentstotreatprintedfairystoriesasformalt

10、exts.Itisalwaysmuchbettertotellastorythanreaditoutofabook,and,ifaparentcanproducewhat,intheactualsituationofthetimeandthechild,isanimprovementontheprintedtext,somuchthebetter.Achargemadeagainstfairytalesisthattheyharmthechildbyfrighteninghimormakinghimsadthinking.Toprovethelatter,onewouldhavetoshowi

11、nacontrolledexperimentthatchildrenwhohavereadfairystoriesweremoreoftensorryforcrueltythanthosewhohadnot.Astofears,thereare,Ithink,somecasesofchildrenbeingdangerouslyterrifiedbysomefairystory.Often,however,thisarises（出现）fromthechildhavingheardthestoryonce.Familiaritywiththestorybyrepetitionturnsthepa

12、inoffearintothepleasureofafearfacedandmastered.Therearealsopeoplewhoobjecttofairystoriesonthegroundsthattheyarenotobjectivelytrue,thatgiants,witches,two-headeddragons,magiccarpets,etc.donotexist;andthat,insteadofbeingfondofthestrangesideinfairytales,thechildshouldbetaughttolearntherealitybystudyingh

13、istory.Ifindsuchpeople,Imustsaysopeculiar（奇怪的）thatIdonotknowhowtoarguewiththem.Iftheircaseweresound,theworldshouldbefullofmadmenattemptingtoflyfromNewYorktoPhiladelphiaonastickorcoveringatelephonewithkissesinthebeliefthatitwastheirbelovedgirl-friend.Nofairystoryeverdeclaredtobeadescriptionoftherealw

14、orldandnocleverchildhaseverbelievedthatitwas.1. TheauthorconsidersthatafairystoryismoreeffectivewhenitisA.repeatedwithoutanychangeB.treatedasajokeC.madesomechangesbytheparentD.setinthepresent2. Accordingtothepassage,greatfearcantakeplaceinachildwhenthestoryis.A.inarealisticsettingB.heardforthefirstt

15、imeC.repeatedtoooftenD.toldinadifferentway3. Theadvantageclaimed（提出）forrepeatingfairystoriestoyoungchildrenisthatit.A. makesthemlessfearfulB. developstheirpowerofmemoryC. makesthembelievethereisnothingtobeafraidofD. encouragesthemnottohavestrangebeliefs4. Theauthorsmentionofsticksandtelephonesismean

16、ttosuggestthat.A. fairystoriesarestillbeingmadeupB. thereissomemisunderstandingaboutfairytalesC. peopletrytomodernizeoldfairystoriesD. thereismoreconcernforchildren'sfearsnowadays5. Oneofthereasonswhysomepeoplearenotinfavoroffairytalesisthat.A. theyarefullofimaginationB. theyjustmakeupthestories

17、whicharefarfromthetruthC. theyarenotinterestingD. theymaketeachersofhistorydifficulttoteach【答案解析】本文为论说文，作者驳斥了对神话故事的种种指责和误解。1. C。细节题。根据Itisalwaysmuchbettertotellastorythanreaditoutofabook,and,ifaparentcanproducewhat,intheactualsituationofthetimeandthechild,isanimprovementontheprintedtext,somuchthebet

18、ter.可推知此题答案为C。2. B。细节题。根据thisarises（出现）fromthechildhavingheardthestoryonce.可推知此题答案为B。3. A。细节题。根据Familiaritywiththestorybyrepetitionturnsthepainoffearintothepleasureofafearfacedandmastered.可以得出此答案。4. B。推断题。有些人认为神话不现实，都是教孩子一些不存在的东西，会对孩子有不好的影响。作者用虚拟语气作了一个假设，如果这些观点站得住脚的话，可能会出现这样的情况：theworldshouldbefullo

19、fmadmenattemptingtoflyfromNewYorktoPhiladelphiaonastickorcoveringatelephonewithkissesinthebeliefthatitwastheirbelovedgirl-friend.可见持这种观点的人实际上是对神话的一种误解。可知有些人不B。5. B。推断题。根据notobjectivelytrue,donotexist赞成神话故事的原因是这些故事是编出来的，远离现实。故选(3)ThenumberofspeakersofEnglishinShakespearestimeisestimated(估计)tohavebeen

20、aboutfivemillion.Todayitisestimatedthatsome260millionpeoplespeakitasanativelanguage,mainlyintheUnitedStates,Canada,GreatBritain,Ireland,SouthAfrica,AustraliaandNewZealand.InadditiontothestandardvarietiesofEnglishfoundintheseareas,thereareagreatmanyregionalandsocialvarietiesofthelanguageaswellasvario

21、uslevelsofusagethatareemployedbothinitsspokenandwrittenforms.Infact,itisimpossibletoestimatethenumberofpeopleintheworldwhohaveacquiredanadequate(足够的)workingknowledgeofEnglishinadditiontotheirownlanguages.ThepurposeforEnglishlearningandthesituationsinwhichsuchlearningtakesplacearesovariedthatitisdiff

22、iculttoexplainandstillmoredifficulttojudgewhatformsanadequateworkingknowledgeforeachsituation.ThemainreasonforthewidespreaddemandforEnglishisitspresent-dayimportanceasaworldlanguage.Besidesservingtheindefiniteneedsofitsnativespeakers,Englishisalanguageinwhichsomeofimportantworksinscience,technology,

23、andotherfieldsarebeingproduced,andnotalwaysbynativespeakers.Itiswidelyusedforsuchpurposesasmeteorologicalandairportcommunications,internationalconferences,andthespreadofinformationovertheradioandtelevisionnetworksofmanynations.Itisalanguageofwidercommunicationforanumberofdevelopingcountries,especial

24、lyformerBritishcolonies.Manyofthesecountrieshavemultilingualpopulationsandneedalanguageforinternalcommunicationinsuchmattersasgovernment,commerce,industry,lawandeducationaswellasforinternationalcommunicationandforentrancetothescientificandtechnologicaldevelopmentsintheWest.1. Whatwouldbethebesttitle

25、forthispassage?A. TheDifficultiesofLearningEnglishB. InternationalCommunicationsC. TheStandardVarietiesofEnglishD. EnglishasaWorldLanguage2. WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?A. Some260millionpeopleintheworldhaveanadequateworkingknowledgeofEnglish.B. Therearesome260millionnativespeakersofEnglis

26、hintheworld.C. ItisalmostimpossibletoestimatethenumberofpeoplewithanadequateworkingknowledgeofEnglish.D. PeoplelearnEnglishforavarietyofreasons.3. Accordingtothepassage,whatisthemainreasonforthewidespreaduseofEnglish?A. ItwaspopularduringShakespearestime.B. ItisusedinformerBritishcolonies.C. Itserve

27、stheneedsofitsnativespeakers.D. Itisaworldlanguagethatisusedforinternationalcommunication.4. WhatformsanadequateworkingknowledgeofEnglish?A. Theabilitytoreadanewspaper.B. Itisdifficulttojudgebecauseitdiffersforeachsituation.C. Beingamultilingual.D. Beinganativespeaker.5. Whattypeofdevelopingcountrie

28、swouldbemostlikelytouseEnglish?A. ThosegeographicallyclosetotheUnitedStates.B. ThoseinterestedinthecultureoftheUnitedStates.C. FormercoloniesofGreatBritain.D. Countrieswhereinternationalconferencesareheld.【答案解析】本文介绍了英语的发展变化情况，说明了英语最后成为世界语言的原因及英语在当代社会中的重要性。1 .D。主旨题。根据第3段第1句及全文的内容：英语在各个国家的各个领域的应用，可推知此

29、题的答案为D。2 .A。细节题。根据文章第1段中第2句及第2段的第1句的描述可推知此题的答案为A。3 .D。推断题。根据文章最后一段的描述，英语在世界不同领域、不同的地区的使用，可推知此题的答案为D。4 .B。细节题。根据文章第2段最后一句可推知此题答案为Bo5.C。细节题。根据文章最后一段倒数第2句可推知此题答案为Co(4)“IfthereisonethingImsureabout,itisthatinahundredyearsfromnowwewillstillbereadingnewspapers.Itisnotthatnewspapersareanecessity.Evennowsom

30、epeoplegetmostoftheirnewsfromtelevisionorradio.ManybuyapaperonlyonSaturdayorSunday.Butformostpeoplereadinganewspaperhasbecomeahabitpasseddownfromgenerationtogeneration.Thenatureofwhatisnewsmaychange.Whatbasicallymakesnewsiswhataffectsourlivesthebigpoliticalstories,thecoverageofthewars,earthquakesand

31、otherdisasters,willcontinuemuchthesame.Ithinktherewillbemorecoverageofscientificresearch,though.Itsalreadyhappeninginareasthatmaydirectlyaffectourlives,likegenetic(基因)engineering.Inthefuture,Ithinktherewillbemorecoverageofscientificexplanationsofwhywefeelaswedoaswedevelopabetterunderstandingofhowthe

32、brainoperatesandwhatourfeelingsreallyare.Itsquitepossiblethatinthenextcenturynewspaperswillbetransmitted（传送）electronicallyfromFleetStreetandprintedoutinourownhome.Infact,Imprettysurethathowitwillhappeninthefuture.Youwillprobablybeabletochoosefromamenu,makingupyourownnewspaperbypickingoutthethingsyou

33、wanttoreadsportsandinternationalnews,etc.Ithinkpeoplehavegotitwrongwhentheytalkaboutcompetitionbetweenthedifferentmedia（媒体）.Theyactuallyfeedoffeachother.Somepeopleonceforesawthattelevisionwouldkilloffnewspapers,butthathasnthappened.Whatisreadontheprintedpagelastslongerthanpicturesonascreenorsoundlos

34、tintheair.AndasfortheInternet,itsneverreallypleasanttoreadsomethingjustonascreen.1. Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.TheBestWaytoGetNewsB.TheChangesofMediaC.MakeYourOwnNewspaperD.TheFutureofNewspaper2. Inthewritersopinion,inthefuture,.A. morebigpoliticalaffairs,warsanddisasterswillmakenewsB. newspa

35、perswillnotbeprintedinpublishinghousesanylongerC. newspaperswillcovermorescientificresearchD. moreandmorepeoplewillwatchTV3. Whatwillprobablybeoninthenewspapermadebyyourself?A.Sportsandinternationalnews.B.Amenuofimportantnews.C.Themostimportantnews.D.Whatyouareinterestedin.4. Fromthepassage,wecaninf

36、er.A. newspaperswillwinthecompetitionamongthedifferentmediaB. newspaperswillstaywithustogetherwithothermediaC. televisionwilltaketheplaceofnewspaperD. thewriterbelievesomemediawilldieout5. Thephrase“feedoff”inthelastparagraphmeansA.dependonB.competewithC.fightwithD.killoff【答案解析】本文提出报纸这一新闻媒体在近百年内不会消失

37、的观点并分析了其原因。1. D。主旨题。从文章第1句：一百年后人们仍要读报，到后面文章讲到报纸跟人们生活的关系，报纸的形式和内容，可归纳出此题的答案为D。2. C。细节题。根据文章第2段Ithinktherewillbemorecoverageofscientificresearch,though.可推知此题答案为C。3. D。推断题。从文章第3段最后一句Youwillprobablybeabletochoosefromamenu,makingupyourownnewspaperbypickingoutthethingsyouwanttoread可推知此题答案为Q4. B。细节题。本!据文章第

38、1段第3旬Evennowsomepeoplegetmostoftheirnewsfromtelevisionorradio.ManybuyapaperonlyonSaturdayorSunday可推知此题答案为B。5. A。词义猜测题。作者上一句说人们错误地认为各各种不同的媒体相互竞争，而下一句作者又说Theyactuallyfeedoffeachother（注意句中actually一词），再结合所给的四个选项，可知选A为合适。（7）Informalconversationisanimportantpartofanybusinessrelationship.Beforeyoustartadis

39、cussion,however,makesureyouunderstandwhichtopicsaresuitableandwhichareconsideredtaboos（禁忌）inaparticularculture.LatinAmericansenjoysharinginformationabouttheirlocalhistory,art,andcustoms.Theyexpectquestionsabouttheirfamilyandaresuretoshowpicturesoftheirchildren.Yonmayfeelfreetoasksimilarquestionsofyo

40、urLatinAmericanfriends.TheFrenchthinkofconversationasanartform,andtheyenjoythevalueoflivelydiscussionsaswellasdisagreements.Forthem,argumentscanbeinterestingandtheycancoverprettymuchoranytopicaslongastheyoccurinarespectfulandintelligent（智慧的）manner.IntheUnitedStates,businesspeopleliketodiscussawidera

41、ngeoftopics,includingopinionsaboutwork,family,hobbies,andpolitics.InJapan,China,andKorea,however,peoplearemuchmoreprivate.Theydonotsharemuchabouttheirthoughts,feelings,oremotionsbecausetheyfeelthatdoingsomighttakeawayfromtheharmonious（和谐的）businessrelationshiptheyretryingtobuild.MiddleEasternersareal

42、soprivateabouttheirpersonallivesandfamilymatters.Itisconsideredrude,forexample,toaskabusinessmanfromSaudiArabiaabouthiswifeorchildren.Asgeneralrule,itsbestnottotalkaboutpoliticsorreligion（宗教）withyourbusinessfriends.Thiscangetyouintotrouble,evenintheUnitedStates,wherepeopleholddifferentviews.Inadditi

43、on,discussingonessalaryisusuallyconsideredunsuitable.Sportsistypicallyafriendlysubjectinmostpartsoftheworld,althoughbecarefulnottocriticizeanationalsport.Instead,befriendlyandpraiseyourhoststeam.1. Theauthorconsiderspoliticsandreligion.A.cheerfultopicsB.taboosC.rudetopicsD.topicsthatcanneverbetalked

44、about2. Whichistypicallyafriendlytopicinmostplacesaccordingtotheauthor?A.Sports.B.Children.C.Personalfeelings.D.Families.3. WhyarepeoplefromAsiamoreprivateintheirconversationwithothers?A. Theydontwanttotalkwithothersmuch.B. Theydontwanttohavetheirgoodrelationshipwithothersharmedbyinformalconversatio

45、n.C. Theyareafraidtoarguewiththeircolleagues.D. Theywanttokeeptheirfeelingstothemselves.4. Whatshouldntyoudowhentalkingaboutsportswithcolleaguesfromanothercountry?A. Praisingyourowncountryssports.B. Criticizingyourowncountryssports.C. Praisingthesportsofyourcolleaguescountry.D. Criticizingthesportso

46、fyourcolleaguescountry.【答案解析】非正式谈话是任何商业联系中的一个重要组成部分，不过谈话时，可别无所顾忌，一定要适可而止。1. B。语义理解题。从最后一段第1句话Asgeneralrule,itsbestnottotalkaboutpoliticsorreligion（宗教）withyourbusinessfriends可以明显看出答案为什么选B。2. A。细节题。命题依据是最后一段第4句话Sportsistypicallyafriendlysubjectinmostpartsoftheworld。3. Bo判断题。从第2段第3句话becausetheyfeelthat

47、doingsomighttakeawayfromtheharmonious（和谐的）businessrelationshiptheyretryingtobuild可以推知。4. Q语义理解题。根据最后一段第4句话中的althoughbecarefulnottocriticizeanationalsport可知答案为Q8. )TofacethemusicLikeeverylanguage,AmericanEnglishisfullofspecialexpressions,phrasesthatcomefromtheday-to-daylifeofthepeopleanddevelopinthei

48、rownway.Ourexpressiontodayis“tofacethemusic”.Whensomeonesays,“well,IguessI'llhavetofacethemusic,"itdoesnotmeanhe'splanningtogototheconcert.Itissomethingfarlesspleasant,likebeingcalledinbyyourbosstoexplainwhyyoudidthisanddidthat,andwhyyoudidn'tdothisorthat.Sourmusicindeed,butithastob

49、efaced.Atsometimeoranother,everyoneofushashadtofacethemusic,especiallyaschildren.Wecanallrememberfather'sangryvoice,“Iwanttotalktoyou."andonlybecausewedidnotobeyhim.Whatanunpleasantbusinessitwas!Thephrase“tofacethemusic"isfamiliartoeveryAmerican,youngandold.Itisatleast100yearsold.Andwh

50、eredidthisexpressioncomefrom?ThefirstexplanationcomesfromtheAmericannovelist,JamesFenimoreLooper.Hesaid,in1851,thattheexpressionwasfirstusedbyactorswhilewaitinginthewingstogoonthestage.Whentheygottheircuetogoon,theyoftensaid,“Well,it'stimetofacethemusic."Andthatwasexactlywhattheydidfacingth

51、eorchestrawhichwasjustbelowthem.Andanactormightbefrightenedornervousashemovedontothestageinfrontofanaudiencethatmightbefriendlyorperhapshostile,especiallyifheforgothislines.Buthehadtogoout.Ifhedidnot,therewouldbenoplay.Sotheexpression“tofacethemusic“cometomean“havingtogothroughsomething,nomatterhowu

52、npleasanttheexperiencemightbe,becauseyouknewyouhadnochoice.”Otherexplanationsabouttheexpressiongobacktothearmy.Whenthemenfacedaninspectionbytheirleader,thesoldierswouldbeworriedabouthowwelltheylooked.Wastheirequipmentclean,shinnyenoughtopasstheinspection?Stillthemenhadtogooutandfacethemusicoftheband

53、aswellastheinspection.Whatelsecouldtheydo?Anotherarmyexplanationismorecloselyrelatedtotheideaoffacingtheresultsandacceptingtheresponsibilityforsomethingthatshouldnothavebeendone.As,forexamplewhenamanisforcedoutofthearmybecausehedidsomethingterrible,heisdishonored.Thebanddoesnotplay.Onlythedrumstapas

54、ad,slowbeat.Thesoldierisforcedtoleave,facingsuchmusicasitisandfacingthebackofhishorse.1. Howmanywaysdoesthephrase“tofacethemusic”comesfrom?A.1B.2C.3D.42. Whatsthemeaningof“tofacethemusic?”A. Tofacesomethingfarlesspleasant.B. Tofacethestage.C. Tofacethebackofoneshorse.D. Tofaceonesleader.3. Whichofth

55、efollowingisasituationoffacingthemusic?A. Whenweareplayingbasketball.B. Whenwearemakingaspeech.C. Whenwearehavingaparty.D. Whenwearetalkingwithsomebody.4. Theunderlinedword“hostile”means.A.unfriendlyB.dislikeC.unkindD.unnecessary【答案解析】本文说明了美国习语tofacethemusic的来历和意义。1. C。细节题。根据文章第三、四、五段的解释，可推知此题答案为C。2

56、. A。细节题。根据文章第2段第2句Itissomethingfarlesspleasant可推知此题答案为A。3. B。推断题。根据文章第3段的解释：演讲与演出一样，都要面对观众，可推知此题答案为B。4. A。词义猜测题。根据单词所在的语境：friendlyorperhapshostile,especiallyifheforgothislines说明hostile与friendly意义相反，从而可推知此题答案为A。（9）Thereareseveralwaysyoucanfindoutaboutthecountriesandplacesyouwishtovisit.Youcantalktofr

57、iendswhohavetravelledtotheplaces.Oryoucangoandseeacolourfilm.Oryoucanreadtravelbooks.Itwouldseemthattherearethreekindsoftravelbooks.Thefirstarethosethatgiveapersonal,subjective（主观的）accountoftravelswhichtheauthorhasactuallymadehimself.iftheyareinformativeandhaveagoodindex（索引）,thentheycanbeusefultoyou

58、whenyouareplanningyourtravels.Thesecondkindarethosebookswhosepurposeistogiveapurelyobjective（客观的）descriptionofthingstobedoneandseen.Ifawell-read,culturedpersonhaswrittensuchabook,thenitisevenmoreuseful.Itcanbesortedasaselectedguidebook.Thethirdkindarethosebookswhicharecalled“aguide”tosomeplaceorother.Iftheyaregood,theywill,inadditiontotheirfactualinformation,giveananalysisoranexplanation.Likethefirstkindth